ASTM D5001-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5001 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the
1
Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
3
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects 2.2 American Iron and Steel Institute Standard:
of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels AISI E-52100 Chromium Alloy Steel
on rubbing steel surfaces. 4
2.3 ISO Standard:
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one
ISO 3290-1 Rolling bearings -- Balls -- Part 1: Steel balls
using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully
5
2.4 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:
automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be
SAE 8720 Steel
used to carry out the test.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Definitions:
standard.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
to Terminology D4175.
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,
3.2.1 lubricity, n—qualitative term describing the ability of
health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-
a fluid to minimize friction between, and damage to, surfaces
cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in relative motion under load.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the lubricity of a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
fluid is defined in terms of a wear scar, in millimeters,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
produced on a loaded stationary ball from contact with a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
fluid-wetted rotating cylindrical test ring operating under
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
closely defined and controlled conditions.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.2 wear scar, n—in the liquid fuels industry, average
2. Referenced Documents diameter of a worn and abraded area, measured in two
2 specified directions, produced on a test ball under defined
2.1 ASTM Standards:
conditions.
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The wear scar generated by Test
Fuels, and Lubricants
Method D5001 is often referred to as the BOCLE wear scar.
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination 3.3 Abbreviations:
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement 3.3.1 BOCLE—Ball On Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
3.3.2 HRC—Rockwell Hardness “C” scale.
3.3.3 WSD—Wear Scar Diameter
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.
3
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 Connecticut
ɛ1
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D5001 – 19 . DOI: Ave., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036, http://www.steel.org.
4
10.1520/D5001-23. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.iso.ch.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
the ASTM website. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5001 − 23
TABLE 1 Standard
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D5001 − 19 D5001 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the
1
Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected Fig. 3 in July 2020.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on
rubbing steel surfaces.
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated
instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
3
2.2 American Iron and Steel Institute Standard:
AISI E-52100 Chromium Alloy Steel
4
2.3 ISO Standard:
ISO 3290-1 Rolling bearings -- Balls -- Part 1: Steel balls
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019Nov. 1, 2023. Published January 2020November 2023. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20142019
ɛ1
as D5001 – 10 (2014).D5001 – 19 . DOI: 10.1520/D5001-19E01.10.1520/D5001-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036, http://www.steel.org.
4
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5001 − 23
5
2.4 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:
SAE 8720 Steel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 lubricity, n—qualitative term describing the ability of a fluid to minimize friction between, and damage to, surfaces in
relative motion under load.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
In this test method, the lubricity of a fluid is defined in terms of a wear scar, in millimeters, produced on a loaded stationary ball
from contact with a fluid-wetted rotating cylindrical test ring operating under closely defined and controlled conditions.
3.2.2 wear scar, n—in the liquid fuels industry, average diameter of a worn and abraded area, measured in two specified directions,
produced on a test ball under defined conditions.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
The wear scar generated by Test Method D5001 is often referred to as the BOCLE wear scar.
3.3 Abbreviations:
3
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