ASTM D1465-90(2000)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Blocking and Picking Points of Petroleum Wax
Standard Test Method for Blocking and Picking Points of Petroleum Wax
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the blocking point and picking point of petroleum wax.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D1465–90(Reapproved 2000) Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry
Suggested Method T 652
Standard Test Method for
Blocking and Picking Points of Petroleum Wax
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This test method was prepared jointly by the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry and the American Society for Testing
and Materials.
1. Scope disruption (picking point) and where 50% of the specimen
width is disrupted (50% blocking point) are noted. The
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the block-
temperatures of corresponding points on the blocking plate are
ing point and picking point of petroleum wax.
reported as the picking point and blocking point or blocking
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
range.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Blocking of waxed paper, because of the relatively low
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
temperatures at which it may occur, can be a major problem to
2. Referenced Documents the paper-coating industry. For example, when the waxed
surfaces in a roll of waxed paper stick together, upon separa-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion the surface films are marred and the glossy finish is
D87 Test Method for Melting Point of Petroleum Wax
destroyed. The wax picking point and the wax blocking point
(Cooling Curve)
indicate an approximate temperature range at or above which
D2423 Test Method for Surface Wax on Waxed Paper or
waxed surfaces in contact with each other are likely to cause
Paperboard
surface film injury.
E1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
6. Apparatus
3. Terminology
6.1 Wax Coating Device—Any manual- or machine-driven
3.1 Definitions:
waxer that gives uniform coatings of the desired weights to a
3.1.1 wax blocking point—the lowest temperature at which
strip of paper not less than 51 mm (2 in.) wide.
film disruption occurs across 50% of the waxed paper surface
6.2 Trimming Board,orotherdeviceforcuttingpaperstrips.
when the test strips are separated.
6.3 Paper Scales, sensitive to 0.002 g, or suitable balance
3.1.2 wax picking point—the temperature at which the first
for measuring basis weights of unwaxed and waxed paper.
film disruption occurs on the waxed paper when test strips are
6.4 Blocking PlateAssembly,consistingofametalplate305
separated.
mm (12 in.) wide, 13 to 51 mm ( ⁄2 to 2 in.) thick, and 559 to
4. Summary of Test Method 914 mm (22 to 36 in.) long. It is heated at one end and cooled
at the other end to provide a 457 to 762-mm (18 to 30-in.) test
4.1 Paper test specimens are coated with the wax sample,
section having an average temperature gradient of 0.8 to 2.2°C
folded with the waxed surfaces together, and placed on a
(1.5 to 4.0°F)/in. The temperature gradient across the width of
blocking plate.The plate is heated at one end and cooled at the
the plate from the longitudinal axis to 25 mm (1 in.) from the
other end to impose a measured temperature gradient along its
edge must not exceed 0.3°C (0.5°F). The temperature at any
length.After a conditioning period on the plate, the specimens
point should not vary more than 0.3°C (0.5°F). Details of two
areremoved,unfolded,andexamined.Thepointsofinitialfilm
acceptable blocking plates are given in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
6.4.1 Eight Foam Rubber Strips,25to38mm(1to1 ⁄2 in.)
1 1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
wide by 6 to 13 mm ( ⁄4 to ⁄2 in.) thick, extending the length
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
of the test section on the blocking plate.
D02.10.0Aon Physical and Chemical Properties.
6.4.2 Eight Sets of Steel Weights, 25 by 25 mm (1 by 1 in.)
Current edition approved April 27, 1990. Published June 1990. Originally
e1
in cross section made from stock having a density range from
published as D1465–57T. Last previous edition D1465–80 (1985) .
2 3 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
7800 to 8000 kg/m (0.28 to 0.29 lb/in ). The weights may be
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1465
FIG. 1 Type A Blocking Plate
FIG. 2 Type B Blocking Plate
in single lengths or in sections to give sets equaling the length in 1°F subdivisions, and conforming toThermometer 9C or 9F
of the test section of the blocking plate.
as prescribed in Specification E1.
6.5 Temperature Recorder, or indicator for measuring the
temperature gradient of the blocking plate.The instrument and
7. Test Paper
thermocouples when calibrated shall consistently be accurate
7.1 Paper—Cereal glassine of basis weight 46 to 51 g/m
to 6 0.3°C (0.5°F).
(28.5 to 31.5 lb/3000 ft ).
6.6 Thermometers—For water bath and wax bath on the
waxing device, use two ASTM Tag Closed Tester Thermom-
etershavingarangefrom−5to110°C(20to230°F),graduated
D1465
8. Sampling 10.3 Cool the wax coated paper to room temperature in
ambient air.
8.1 Select a portion of the wax that is representative of the
whole sample. The amount required will depend on the size of
NOTE 1—As an alternative procedure, the wax coated paper may be
the waxing device used. cooled by passage through a water bath. There is evidence, however, the
water quenching can cause variation in picking and blocking point values
obtained on some waxes.
9. Standardization of Apparatus
9.1 Turn the blocking plate on with all sponge rubber strips 10.4 Measure the coating weight usingTest Method D2423
and metal blocks in position. Allow sufficient time (3 h orTAPPIMethodT497su-64.Iftheweightsareotherthan6.5
minimum) for the plate to reach an equilibrium temperature to 10 g/m (4 to 6 lb/ream) of wax on the test surface and 3.2
condition. to 10 g/m (2 to 6 lb/ream) of wax on the back side, prepare
9.2 Calibrate a 30-gage “test” thermocouple as follows: another waxed paper specimen.
Heatabeakerofwatertoabout43.3°C(110°F)andmeasureits 10.5 If the coating weights are satisfactory, cut two test
temperaturewithastandardizedthermometerwhichisaccurate specimensfromthewaxedtestpaper,eachspecimen25mm(1
to 0.3°C (0.5°F). Insert the “test” thermocouple in the water in.)wideandtwicethelengthofthetestsectionoftheblocking
and measure the temperature with a manual potentiometer plate.
which is accurate to at least6 0.5°C (61°F). A portable 10.6 Condition the waxed specimens for at least 24 h at 23
precisiontypepotentiometeroratype Kpotentiometer,bothof 6 2.0°C (73 6 3.5°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity.
which are accurate to at least 0.5°F (0.3°C) in this temperature
range, is preferred.
11. Procedure
9.3 Lay the calibrated “test” thermocouple across th
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