ASTM D8184-18e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Ferrous Wear Debris Monitoring in In-Service Fluids Using a Particle Quantifier Instrument
Standard Test Method for Ferrous Wear Debris Monitoring in In-Service Fluids Using a Particle Quantifier Instrument
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the application of PQ magnetometry in assessing the progression of wear in machinery, for example, engines and gearboxes, by trending the mass of ferrous debris in samples of lubricating oils or greases.
5.2 In-service oil analysis is carried out routinely by commercial laboratories on a wide range of samples from many sources and is accepted as a reliable means of monitoring machinery health by trend analysis. In particular, the extent of wear can be readily assessed from any changes in the ferrous debris burden within periodically extracted samples as reflected in the PQ Index.
5.3 PQ measurements can be used as a means of rapidly screening samples for the presence or absence of ferrous wear debris, allowing quick decisions to be made on whether or not to proceed to a more detailed spectroscopic analysis for probable wear metals in the sample.
5.4 The use of standardized sample containers and a consistent protocol enables reliable trending information to be recorded. Although it is not possible to assign general limits or thresholds for abnormal conditions, it is recommended that interpretation of PQ values should be carried out in consultation with historical data, equipment logs, and/or service history in order to formulate guidelines on individual items of machinery. Guide D7720 is particularly useful in this context.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the use of offline particle quantification (often referred to as PQ) magnetometers to trend wear rates in machinery by monitoring the amount of ferromagnetic material suspended in a fluid sample that has been in contact with the moving parts of the machinery. It is particularly relevant to monitoring wear debris in lubricating oils and greases.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values of the burden (mass) of ferrous wear debris in the sample are reported as a PQ Index. The PQ Index is a numerical value that scales with the ferrous debris burden.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:D8184 −18
Standard Test Method for
Ferrous Wear Debris Monitoring in In-Service Fluids Using a
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Particle Quantifier Instrument
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8184; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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ε NOTE—A Research Report footnote was added editorially in June 2019.
1. Scope D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method describes the use of offline particle
D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of
quantification (often referred to as PQ) magnetometers to trend
Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by
wear rates in machinery by monitoring the amount of ferro-
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-
magnetic material suspended in a fluid sample that has been in
etry (ICP-AES)
contact with the moving parts of the machinery. It is particu-
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
larly relevant to monitoring wear debris in lubricating oils and
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
greases.
Lubricants
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D7720 Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand Alarm
standard.Values of the burden (mass) of ferrous wear debris in
Limits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipment
the sample are reported as a PQ Index. The PQ Index is a
and Oil for Fitness and Contamination
numerical value that scales with the ferrous debris burden.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 condition monitoring, n—the recording and analyzing
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
of data relating to the condition of equipment or machinery for
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the purpose of predictive maintenance or optimization of
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
performance.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.2 ferromagnetic, n—metals, alloys, and other materials
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
that exhibit medium to high magnetic permeabilities; further
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
classified into “hard” and “soft” magnetic materials when
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
capable of becoming permanently magnetized or not, respec-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tively.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectros-
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copy (ICP-OES), n—a form of emission spectroscopy that uses
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a plasma to excite atoms and ions that subsequently emit
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
electromagnetic radiation in the visible region; the emission
Petroleum Products
wavelengths are characteristic of a particular wavelength, and
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
the intensity of emission is related to the concentration of the
Fuels, and Lubricants
emitting element.
3.1.4 machinery health, n—qualitative indication of the
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
overall condition of equipment or machinery; may depend on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
data and trend analysis from several sources.
Subcommittee D02.96.06 on Practices and Techniques for Prediction and Determi-
nation of Microscopic Wear and Wear-related Properties.
3.1.5 PQI, n—a dimensionless index related to the ferro-
Current edition approved May 15, 2018. Published June 2018. DOI: 10.1520/
magnetic content of an oil or grease sample.
D8184-18E01.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The scale is defined by a 750 PQI
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
primary standard developed by The University of Swansea in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the 1980s. The original primary standard is currently in the
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D8184−18
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