ASTM D8184-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Ferrous Wear Debris Monitoring in In-Service Fluids Using a Particle Quantifier Instrument
Standard Test Method for Ferrous Wear Debris Monitoring in In-Service Fluids Using a Particle Quantifier Instrument
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for the application of PQ magnetometry in assessing the progression of wear in machinery, for example, engines and gearboxes, by trending the mass of ferrous debris in samples of lubricating oils or greases.
5.2 In-service oil analysis is carried out routinely by commercial laboratories on a wide range of samples from many sources and is accepted as a reliable means of monitoring machinery health by trend analysis. In particular, the extent of wear can be readily assessed from any changes in the ferrous debris burden within periodically extracted samples as reflected in the PQ Index.
5.3 PQ measurements can be used as a means of rapidly screening samples for the presence or absence of ferrous wear debris, allowing quick decisions to be made on whether or not to proceed to a more detailed spectroscopic analysis for probable wear metals in the sample.
5.4 The use of standardized sample containers and a consistent protocol enables reliable trending information to be recorded. Although it is not possible to assign general limits or thresholds for abnormal conditions, it is recommended that interpretation of PQ values should be carried out in consultation with historical data, equipment logs, and/or service history in order to formulate guidelines on individual items of machinery. Guide D7720 is particularly useful in this context.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the use of offline particle quantification (often referred to as PQ) magnetometers to trend wear rates in machinery by monitoring the amount of ferromagnetic material suspended in a fluid sample that has been in contact with the moving parts of the machinery. It is particularly relevant to monitoring wear debris in lubricating oils and greases.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values of the burden (mass) of ferrous wear debris in the sample are reported as a PQ Index. The PQ Index is a numerical value that scales with the ferrous debris burden.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D8184 −18
Standard Test Method for
Ferrous Wear Debris Monitoring in In-Service Fluids Using a
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Particle Quantifier Instrument
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8184; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of
Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by
1.1 This test method describes the use of offline particle
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-
quantification (often referred to as PQ) magnetometers to trend
etry (ICP-AES)
wear rates in machinery by monitoring the amount of ferro-
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
magnetic material suspended in a fluid sample that has been in
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
contact with the moving parts of the machinery. It is particu-
Lubricants
larly relevant to monitoring wear debris in lubricating oils and
D7720 Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand Alarm
greases.
Limits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipment
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and Oil for Fitness and Contamination
standard. Values of the burden (mass) of ferrous wear debris in
the sample are reported as a PQ Index. The PQ Index is a
3. Terminology
numerical value that scales with the ferrous debris burden.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 condition monitoring, n—the recording and analyzing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of data relating to the condition of equipment or machinery for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the purpose of predictive maintenance or optimization of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
performance.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.1.2 ferromagnetic, n—metals, alloys, and other materials
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- that exhibit medium to high magnetic permeabilities; further
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the classified into “hard” and “soft” magnetic materials when
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
capable of becoming permanently magnetized or not, respec-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical tively.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.3 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectros-
copy (ICP-OES), n—a form of emission spectroscopy that uses
2. Referenced Documents
a plasma to excite atoms and ions that subsequently emit
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
electromagnetic radiation in the visible region; the emission
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
wavelengths are characteristic of a particular wavelength, and
Petroleum Products
the intensity of emission is related to the concentration of the
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
emitting element.
Fuels, and Lubricants
3.1.4 machinery health, n—qualitative indication of the
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
overall condition of equipment or machinery; may depend on
Petroleum Products
data and trend analysis from several sources.
3.1.5 PQI, n—a dimensionless index related to the ferro-
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
magnetic content of an oil or grease sample.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.96.06 on Practices and Techniques for Prediction and Determi-
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The scale is defined by a 750 PQI
nation of Microscopic Wear and Wear-related Properties.
primary standard developed by The University of Swansea in
Current edition approved May 15, 2018. Published June 2018. DOI: 10.1520/
D8184-18.
the 1980s. The original primary standard is currently in the
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
possession of Parker Hannifin Manufacturing Ltd.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
(Littlehampton, UK) who manufacture and supply secondary
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. standards for instrument validation purposes.
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D8184−18
3.1.6 rotating disc electrode optical emission spectroscopy debris, allowing quick decisions to be made on whether or not
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