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ASTM F2281-04

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs, for Heat Resistance and High Temperature Applications

Standard Specification for Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs, for Heat Resistance and High Temperature Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for stainless steel and nickel alloy bolts, hex cap screws, and studs intended for use in applications where resistance to heat and the effects of high temperature are to be considered. Three types of materials covered in this specification are: Type I—heat resisting alloys for continuous service applications; Type II—heat resisting alloys for continuous and intermittent service applications; and Type III—high temperature alloys for continuous and intermittent service applications. Type I is classified further into Class A—austenitic grades, Class B—martensitic grades, and Class C—ferritic grades. Type III is also classified further into Class A—nickel based alloy, Class B—precipitation hardened alloy, and Class C—precipitation hardened alloy. The products shall be subject to: chemical analysis; mechanical tests to determine yield strength, wedge tensile strength, or axial tensile strength; and corrosion resistance tests to determine freedom from precipitated carbides.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for stainless steel and nickel alloy bolts, hex cap screws, and studs, 1/4 in. diameter and larger, intended for use at temperatures up to 1800°F (982°C), and in applications where resistance to heat and the effects of high temperature are to be considered. See Appendix X1 for Service Application. A wide variety of materials are covered in this specification which can be used at high temperatures as a function of the specific alloy properties, as well as environmental requirements including corrosive environments.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2004
ICS
21.060.10 - Bolts, screws, studs
Technical Committee
F16 - Fasteners
Drafting Committee
F16.04 - Nonferrous Fasteners
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F2281-03 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs, for Heat Resistance and High Temperature Applications
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Replaced By
ASTM F2281-04(2012) - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs, for Heat Resistance and High Temperature Applications
Effective Date
01-Apr-2012

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ASTM F2281-04 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs, for Heat Resistance and High Temperature ApplicationsASTM F2281-04 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs, for Heat Resistance and High Temperature Applications
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ASTM F2281-04 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs, for Heat Resistance and High Temperature Applications
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2281 – 04
Standard Specification for
Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and
Studs, for Heat Resistance and High Temperature
1
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2281; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope for Cold Heading and Cold Forging
A564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-
1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical
Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
requirements for stainless steel and nickel alloy bolts, hex cap
A582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless
1
screws, and studs, ⁄4 in. diameter and larger, intended for use
Steel Bars
at temperatures up to 1800°F (982°C), and in applications
A751 Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology for Chemi-
where resistance to heat and the effects of high temperature are
cal Analysis of Steel Products
to be considered. SeeAppendix X1 for ServiceApplication.A
B637 Specification for Precipitation-Hardening Nickel Al-
wide variety of materials are covered in this specification
loy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for High-
which can be used at high temperatures as a function of the
Temperature Service
specific alloy properties, as well as environmental require-
B880 Specification for General Requirements for Chemical
ments including corrosive environments.
Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys and
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Cobalt Alloys
as the standard.
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of Metallic Materials
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Determine Conformance with Specifications
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
E76 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Nickel-Copper
3
2. Referenced Documents
Alloys
2
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular
E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture
Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
Notch Tension Tests of Materials
A276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
E353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless,
A342/A342M Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly
Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-
Magnetic Materials
Nickel-Iron Alloys
A380 Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of
E354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-
Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems
Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,
A484/A484M Specification for General Requirements for
Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings
F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-
A493 Specification for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on F788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.04 on Nonferrous
Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series
Fasteners.
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F2281 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/F2281-04.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
the ASTM website. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2281 – 04
2.2 ASME Standards:
Alloy Grade UNS Designation
4
718 N07718
B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads
4
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, (Inch Series)
5. Ordering Information
3. Terminology
5.1 Orders for bolts, hex cap screws, and studs under this
specification shall include the following information:
3.1 Definitions:
5.1.
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification provides the chemical, physical and mechanical requirements for quenched and tempered bolts manufactured from steel and alloy steel, in inch and metric dimensions, in two strength grades, two types and two styles. It is intended to ensure alignment between standards with the same intended end use and to simplify the use and maintenance of structural bolt specifications.
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1.1 This specification covers chemical, physical and mechanical requirements for quenched and tempered bolts manufactured from steel and alloy steel, in inch and metric dimensions, in two strength grades, two types and two styles.  
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1.2 Intended Use:  
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This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel hexagon socket button (SBHCS) and flat countersunk (SFHCS) head cap screws. The screws shall be fabricated from alloy steel made to fine grain practice. The chemical composition of the screw material shall conform to the heat analysis specified. Hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and area reduction shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel hexagon socket button (SBHCS) 0.060 through 0.625 thread sizes, flat countersunk (SFHCS) 0.060 through 1.5 thread sizes and low (SLHCS) 0.1120 through 0.625 thread sizes head cap screws having material properties for high-strength requirements.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for stainless steel metric hexagon socket button (SBHCS) and flat countersunk (SFHCS) head cap screws with nominal thread M 3 through M 20 intended for use in applications requiring general corrosion resistance. These steels are designated into three classes: Austenitic Class A 1-50 in an annealed condition, Austenitic Class A1-55 in a cold worked condition, and Austenitic Class A 1-70 in a cold worked condition. The austenitic stainless steel socket screw shall be designated F879M A1-50, F879M A1–55, or F 879M A1-70. Screws shall be formed by upsetting or extruding, or both. Also, these screws shall be roll threaded. Austenitic alloys ClassA 1-50 screws, following manufacture, shall be annealed by heating to a certain temperature to obtain maximum corrosion resistance and minimum permeability. The screws shall be held for a sufficient time at temperature, then cooled at a rate sufficient to prevent precipitation of the carbide and provide the properties specified. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of screws: tensile strength, minimum extension, yield strength, elongation, Vickers hardness, and Rockwell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for stainless steel inch hexagon socket button (SBHCS), flat countersunk (SFHCS) head cap screws with nominal thread 0.060 through 0.625 in. and low head (SLHCS) cap screws with nominal thread 0.112 through 0.625 in. intended for use in applications requiring general corrosion resistance.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for commercial wrought nonferrous bolts, hex cap screws, and studs manufactured from a number of alloys in common use and intended for general service applications. The bolts, cap screws, and studs shall be manufactured from material having a chemical composition conforming to the requirements specified. The fasteners shall be cold formed, hot formed, or machined from suitable material. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of fasteners: hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for three grades (Grades A, B, and C) of carbon steel bolts and studs in specified sizes. This specification does not cover the requirements for machine screws, thread cutting/forming screws, mechanical expansion anchors, or other similar externally threaded fasteners. When tested, sampled specimens shall adhere to specified values for chemical composition, hardness, tensile strength, yield point, elongation, and dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of two grades of carbon steel bolts and studs in sizes 1/4 in. through 4 in. The fasteners are designated by “Grade” denoting tensile strength and intended use, as follows:    
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Description  
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Bolts, studs, and threaded rod having a minimum tensile strength of 60 ksi and intended for general applications,  
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Grade C  
Replaced by Specification F1554 Gr.36  
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1.3 Suitable nuts are covered in Specification A563. Unless otherwise specified, the grade and style of nut for each grade of fastener, of all surface finishes, shall be as follows:    
Fastener Grade and Size  
Nut Grade and StyleA    
A 1/4 to 11/2 in.  
A, hex  
A over 11/2 to 4 in.  
A, heavy hex  
B, 1/4 to 4 in.  
A, heavy hex    
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature is provided, which describes additional restrictions to be applied when bolts are to be welded. It shall apply only when specified in the inquiry, order, and contract.  
1.6 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and 105-ksi Yield Strength

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements, and associated test methods for straight and bent, headed and headless anchor bolts (also known as anchor rods) made of carbon, carbon boron, alloy, or high-strength low-alloy steel and having specified yield strengths. The anchor bolts are furnished in three strength grades, two thread classes, and various sizes, and are intended for anchoring structural supports to concrete foundations such as building columns, column supports for highway signs, street lighting and traffic signals, steel bearing plates, and similar applications. This specification, however, does not cover the requirements for mechanical expansion anchors, powder-activated nails or studs, and anchor bolts fabricated from deformed bars. The bolts shall adhere to specified elemental chemical compositions as examined by heat and product analysis. They shall also be tested for their conformance with mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, and stress area. The anchor bolts shall also meet specified values for nominal size, body diameter, bend section, length, bend angle, and coated length.
SCOPE
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1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F541-12(2020)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Eyebolts

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the basic requirements and corresponding test methods for forged, quenched, and tempered, alloy steel threaded eyebolts with improved toughness properties and that are chemically and metallurgically constituted to produce a low transition temperature to minimize brittle failure, intended primarily for low temperature applications. The eyebolts are furnished either as straight shank eyebolts (Type 1), or shoulder eyebolts (Type 2). Sampled specimens shall be tested, and conform accordingly to chemical (carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, molybdenum, and nickel), metallurgical (grain size, decarburization, and macrotech properties), and mechanical (Brinell hardness, tensile strength, breaking strength, proof load, impact strength, and bend strength) requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers forged, quenched and tempered, alloy steel threaded eyebolts with improved toughness properties and intended primarily for low temperature applications. The eyebolts are chemically and metallurgically constituted to produce a low transition temperature to minimize brittle failure. Maximum thread size is 2.500 in. (63.50 mm).  
1.2 The eyebolts are furnished in two types, as follows:  
1.2.1 Type 1—Straight Shank Eyebolt.  
1.2.2 Type 2—Shoulder Eyebolt.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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