ASTM E2144-11

Standard Practice for Personal Sampling and Analysis of Endotoxin in Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in Workplace Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Endotoxins in metalworking fluid aerosols present potential respiratory health hazards to workers who inhale them. Therefore, a consensus standard is needed to provide reliable data on workplace airborne endotoxin concentrations where metalworking fluids are used.
This practice for measuring airborne endotoxin concentrations in metalworking fluid atmospheres will help to foster a better understanding of endotoxin exposure-response relationships.
This practice facilitates comparisons of inter laboratory data from methods and field investigative studies.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers quantitative methods for the personal sampling and determination of bacterial endotoxin concentrations in poly-disperse metalworking fluid aerosols in workplace atmospheres. Users should have fundamental knowledge of microbiological techniques and endotoxin testing.
1.2 Users of this practice may obtain personal or area exposure data of endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols, either on a short-term or full-shift basis in workplace atmospheres.
1.3 This practice gives an estimate of the endotoxin concentration of the sampled atmosphere.
1.4 This practice seeks to minimize inter laboratory variation but does not ensure uniformity of results.
1.5 It is anticipated that this practice will facilitate inter laboratory comparisons of airborne endotoxin data from metalworking fluid atmospheres, particularly metal removal fluid atmospheres, by providing a basis for endotoxin sampling, extraction, and analytical methods.
1.6 In 1997, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) empanelled a Standards Advisory Committee to make recommendations to the Administration regarding measures that the Administration could take to improve the health of workers exposed to metalworking fluids. A report to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA was submitted in July, 1999. Subcommittee E34.50 believes that the user community would benefit significantly if a standard method was developed to give the community guidance on a methodology for the sampling and analysis of personal airborne endotoxin exposure assessments in facilities using water-miscible metal removal fluids, based on the LAL assay or other endotoxin detection technologies as they become available.
1.7 This practice does not attempt to set or imply limits for personal exposure to endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols in workplace environments.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2011
• ICS: 13.040.30 - Workplace atmospheres
• Technical Committee: E34 - Occupational Health and Safety
• Drafting Committee: E34.50 - Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E2144-01(2007) - Standard Practice for Personal Sampling and Analysis of Endotoxin in Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in Workplace Atmospheres
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2523-13(2018) - Standard Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Operations
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E1497-23 - Standard Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2889-12(2017) - Standard Practice for Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid Environment
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2169-22 - Standard Practice for Selecting Antimicrobial Pesticides for Use in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2148-21 - Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2144 − 11 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Practice for
Personal Sampling and Analysis of Endotoxin in
1
Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in Workplace Atmospheres
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2144; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This practice does not attempt to set or imply limits for
personal exposure to endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols
1.1 This practice covers quantitative methods for the per-
in workplace environments.
sonal sampling and determination of bacterial endotoxin con-
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
centrations in poly-disperse metalworking fluid aerosols in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
workplace atmospheres. Users should have fundamental
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
knowledge of microbiological techniques and endotoxin test-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ing.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 Users of this practice may obtain personal or area
exposure data of endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols,
2. Referenced Documents
either on a short-term or full-shift basis in workplace atmo-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
spheres.
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
1.3 This practice gives an estimate of the endotoxin con-
Atmospheres
centration of the sampled atmosphere.
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D5337 Practice for Flow RateAdjustment of Personal Sam-
1.4 This practice seeks to minimize inter laboratory varia-
pling Pumps
tion but does not ensure uniformity of results.
D6629 Guide for Selection of Methods for Estimating Soil
1.5 It is anticipated that this practice will facilitate inter
Loss by Erosion
laboratory comparisons of airborne endotoxin data from met-
E1370 Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and
alworking fluid atmospheres, particularly metal removal fluid
Workplace Protection
atmospheres, by providing a basis for endotoxin sampling,
E1497 Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-
extraction, and analytical methods.
Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and
1.6 In 1997, the Occupational Safety and Health Adminis-
Safety
tration (OSHA) empanelled a Standards Advisory Committee
3
to make recommendations to the Administration regarding 2.2 OSHA Standards:
measures that the Administration could take to improve the 29 CFR 1910.1000 Air Contaminants
health of workers exposed to metalworking fluids. A report to 29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure to Hazardous
the Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA was submitted in Chemicals in Laboratories
July, 1999. Subcommittee E34.50 believes that the user com-
2.3 Other Documents:
munity would benefit significantly if a standard method was
Criteria Document for a Recommended Standard: Occupa-
4
developed to give the community guidance on a methodology
tional Exposure to Metalworking Fluids
4
for the sampling and analysis of personal airborne endotoxin
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM)
exposure assessments in facilities using water-miscible metal
removal fluids, based on the LAL assay or other endotoxin
detection technologies as they become available.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on Occupa- AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
tional Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.50 on 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids. www.access.gpo.gov.
4
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally Available from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E2144 - 01(2007). Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occu-
DOI: 10.1520/E2144-11. pational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2144 − 11
3. Terminology Therefore, a consensus standard is needed to provide reliable
data on w
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E2144–01 (Reapproved 2007) Designation:E2144–11
Standard Practice for
Personal Sampling and Analysis of Endotoxin in
1
Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in Workplace Atmospheres
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2144; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thispracticecoversquantitativemethodsforthepersonalsamplinganddeterminationofbacterialendotoxinconcentrations
in poly-disperse metalworking fluid aerosols in workplace atmospheres. Users should have fundamental knowledge of
microbiological techniques and endotoxin testing.
1.2 Users of this practice may obtain personal or area exposure data of endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols, either on a
short-term or full-shift basis in workplace atmospheres.
1.3 This practice gives an estimate of the endotoxin concentration of the sampled atmosphere.
1.4 This practice seeks to minimize inter laboratory variation but does not ensure uniformity of results.
1.5 It is anticipated that this practice will facilitate inter laboratory comparisons of airborne endotoxin data from metalworking
fluid atmospheres, particularly metal removal fluid atmospheres, by providing a basis for endotoxin sampling, extraction, and
analytical methods.
1.6 In 1997, the Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA) empanelled a StandardsAdvisory Committee to make
recommendations to the Administration regarding measures that the Administration could take to improve the health of workers
exposed to metalworking fluids.Areport to theAssistant Secretary of Labor for OSHAwas submitted in July, 1999. Subcommittee
E34.50 believes that the user community would benefit significantly if a standard method was developed to give the community
guidance on a methodology for the sampling and analysis of personal airborne endotoxin exposure assessments in facilities using
water-miscible metal removal fluids, based on the LALassay or other endotoxin detection technologies as they become available.
1.7 This practice does not attempt to set or imply limits for personal exposure to endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols in
workplace environments.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sampling Pumps
D6629 Guide for Selection of Methods for Estimating Soil Loss by Erosion
E1370 Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and Workplace Protection
E1497 Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and Safety
3
2.2 OSHA Standards:
29 CFR 1910.1000 Air Contaminants
29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories
2.3 Other Documents:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on Occupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.50 on Health
and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids.
Current edition approved AprilDec. 1, 2007.2011. Published June 2007.December 2011. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
E2144 - 01(2007). DOI: 10.1520/E2144-01R07.10.1520/E2144-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
3
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2144–11
4
Criteria Document for a Recommended
...