ASTM C359-03

Standard Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement (Mortar Method)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of early stiffening in hydraulic-cement mortar.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. The use of gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection is recommended. Wash contact area with copious amounts of water after contact. Wash eyes for a minimum of 15 min. Avoid exposure of the body to clothing saturated with the liquid phase of the unhardened material. Remove contaminated clothing immediately after exposure.)

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2003
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: C01 - Cement
• Drafting Committee: C01.30 - Time of Set

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C359-99 - Standard Test Method for Early Stiffening of Portland Cement (Mortar Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM C359-03a - Standard Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement (Mortar Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C887-20 - Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for Surface Bonding Mortar
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C1157/C1157M-23 - Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM C1810/C1810M-22 - Standard Guide for Comparing Performance of Concrete-Making Materials Using Mortar Mixtures
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 359 – 03
Standard Test Method for
1
Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement (Mortar Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Determining Mass for Use in the Physical Testing of
3
Hydraulic Cements
1.1 This test method covers the determination of early
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D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
stiffening in hydraulic-cement mortar.
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E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
1.2 The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values
in parentheses are for information only.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 early stiffening—the early development of stiffness in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the working characteristics of a hydraulic-cement paste, mor-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tar, or concrete; varieties include false set and flash set.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
3.1.2 false set—the early development of stiffness in the
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
working characteristics of a hydraulic-cement paste, mortar, or
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.
concrete without the evolution of much heat, which stiffness
The use of gloves, protective clothing, and eye protection is
can be dispelled and plasticity regained by further mixing
recommended. Wash contact area with copious amounts of
without addition of water; also known as “grab set,”“ prema-
water after contact. Wash eyes for a minimum of 15 min. Avoid
ture stiffening,” “hesitation set,” and “rubber set.”
exposure of the body to clothing saturated with the liquid phase
3.1.3 flash set—the early development of stiffness in the
of the unhardened material. Remove contaminated clothing
2 working characteristics of a hydraulic-cement paste, mortar, or
immediately after exposure.)
concrete, usually with the evolution of considerable heat,
2. Referenced Documents which stiffness cannot be dispelled nor can the plasticity be
regained by further mixing without addition of water; also
2.1 ASTM Standards:
known as “quick set.”
C 183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of
3
Hydraulic Cement
4. Summary of Test Method
C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
3 4.1 A mortar is prepared with the cement to be tested, using
Mortar
specified quantities of cement, standard sand, and an amount of
C 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic
3 water that will produce a mortar with an initial penetration of
Cement
46 6 3 mm, using the modified Vicat apparatus. Measurements
C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
3 of penetration are made at stipulated intervals after the begin-
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
ning of the mixing procedure. Upon completion of the first
C 490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination
series of penetration measurements, the mortar is returned to
of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
3 the mixer to be remixed. Following the remix procedure, an
Concrete
additional penetration, termed the remix penetration, is deter-
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
4 mined. The report is a tabulation of the penetration measure-
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
3 ments and the amount of mixing water used.
C 778 Specification for Standard Sand
C 1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to determine the
degree to which a cement mortar develops early stiffening. It is
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement
intended for use by those interested in methods for determining
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.30 on Time of Set.
the potential early stiffening of hydraulic cement.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 359 – 99.
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Section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM
Standards, Vol 04.01.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
4 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
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