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ASTM D2598-12

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis

Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Vapor pressure is an important specification property of commercial propane, special duty propane, propane/butane mixtures, and commercial butane that assures adequate vaporization, safety, and compatibility with commercial appliances. Relative density, while not a specification criterion, is necessary for determination of filling densities and custody transfer. The motor octane number (MON) is useful in determining the products' suitability as a fuel for internal combustion engines.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers, by compositional analysis, the approximate determination of the following physical characteristics of commercial propane, special-duty propane, commercial propane/butane mixtures, and commercial butane (covered by Specification D1835): vapor pressure, relative density, and motor octane number (MON).  
1.1.1 This practice is not applicable to any product exceeding specifications for nonvolatile residues. (See Test Method D2158.)  
1.1.2 For calculating motor octane number, this practice is applicable only to mixtures containing 20 % or less of propene.  
1.1.3 For calculated motor octane number, this practice is based on mixtures containing only components shown in Table 1.TABLE 1 Factors for Determining the Physical Characteristics of LP-GasesA    
Component  
Vapor Pressure Blend Factor, kPa-gage
(PSIG) at 37.8°C (100°F)  
Relative Density at 15.6°C (60°F)  
MON Blend Value  
Methane  
17547 (2545)  
0.3  
. . .  
Ethane  
4213 (611)  
0.3563  
100.7  
Ethene (Ethylene)  
8720 (1265)  
0.37  
75.6  
Propane  
1200 (174)  
0.5072  
97.1  
Propene (Propylene)  
1466 (213)  
0.5226  
84.9  
Methylpropane (Isobutane)  
400 (58)  
0.5629  
97.6  
n-Butane  
255 (37)  
0.5842  
89.6  
t-2-Butene  
242 (35)  
0.6099  
…  
1-Butene  
328 (48)  
0.6004  
80.8  
2-Methylpropene (Isobutylene)  
340 (49)  
0.6004  
…  
c-2-Butene  
216 (31)  
0.6275  
83.5  
2,2-Dimethylpropane (Neopentane)  
152 (22)  
0.5961  
80.2  
Cyclopentane  
-33 (-4.7)  
0.7503  
84.9  
2-Methylbutane (Isopentane)  
40 (5.8)  
0.6251  
90.3  
n-Pentane  
6.4 (0.9)  
0.6307  
62.6  
n-Hexane  
-67 (-9.7)  
0.6641  
26.0 A Some constants for vapor pressure and motor octanes are empirical values to be used only in the calculation procedures described in this practice. References are located in Appendix X1.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.2.1 Exception—Motor octane number and relative density are given in MON numbers and dimensionless units, respectively.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2012
ICS
75.160.30 - Gaseous fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.H0 - Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D2598-12 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional AnalysisASTM D2598-12 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2598 −12
StandardPractice for
Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied
1
Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2598; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* (LP) Gases and Propene Concentrates by Gas Chromatog-
raphy
1.1 This practice covers, by compositional analysis, the
D2421 Practice for Interconversion of Analysis of C and
5
approximate determination of the following physical charac-
Lighter Hydrocarbons to Gas-Volume, Liquid-Volume, or
teristics of commercial propane, special-duty propane, com-
Mass Basis
mercialpropane/butanemixtures,andcommercialbutane(cov-
2.2 Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association Publi-
ered by Specification D1835): vapor pressure, relative density,
3
cation:
and motor octane number (MON).
Liquefied Petroleum Gas for Automotive Use Specification
1.1.1 This practice is not applicable to any product exceed-
4
ing specifications for nonvolatile residues. (See Test Method
2.3 Gas Processors Suppliers Association:
D2158.)
GPSA Engineering Data Book, 12th Edition, 2004
1.1.2 For calculating motor octane number, this practice is
applicableonlytomixturescontaining20 %orlessofpropene.
3. Summary of Practice
1.1.3 For calculated motor octane number, this practice is
3.1 The composition of a sample of LP-gas is obtained by
based on mixtures containing only components shown in Table
using Test Method D2163 or other acceptable method. From
1.
the analysis (expressed in liquid volume percent), the vapor
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
pressure, relative density, and motor octane number of the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information sample may be determined.
only.
3.2 Conversion of a compositional analysis from mole, gas
1.2.1 Exception—Motor octane number and relative density
volume, or weight basis to liquid volume is obtained by using
are given in MON numbers and dimensionless units, respec-
Practice D2421 or other suitable method.
tively.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Vapor pressure is an important specification property of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
commercial propane, special duty propane, propane/butane
D1267 Test Method for Gage Vapor Pressure of Liquefied
mixtures, and commercial butane that assures adequate
Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)
vaporization, safety, and compatibility with commercial appli-
D1657 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light
ances. Relative density, while not a specification criterion, is
Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer
necessary for determination of filling densities and custody
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
transfer. The motor octane number (MON) is useful in deter-
D2158 Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum
mining the products’ suitability as a fuel for internal combus-
(LP) Gases
tion engines.
D2163 Test Method for Analysis of Liquefied Petroleum
5. Calculation
1 5.1 Calculated LP-Gas Vapor Pressure (see Test Method
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
ProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD02.H0on
D1267):
Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published February 2013. Originally
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2598–02(2007).
3
DOI: 10.1520/D2598-12. Available fromAustralian Liquefied Petroleum GasAssociation Limited,ABN
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 11002703951, 30 George Street, Redfern NSW 2016, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.lpgaustralia.com.au/site/
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromGasProcessorsSuppliersAssociation(GPSA),6526E.60thSt.,
the ASTM website. Tulsa, OK 74145, http://www.gpsa.gpaglobal.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2598−12
A
TABLE 1 Factors for Determining the Physical Characteristics of LP-Gases
Vapor Pressure Blend
Relative Density at
Component Factor, kPa-gage MON Blend Value
15.6°C (60°F)
(PSIG) at 37.8°C (100°F)
Methane 17547 (2545) 0.3 . . .
Ethane 4213 (611) 0.3563 100.7
Ethene (Ethylene) 8720 (1265) 0.37 75.6
Propane 1200 (174) 0.5072 97.1
Propene (Propylene) 1466 (213) 0.5226 84.9
Methylpropane (Isobutane) 400 (58) 0.5629 9
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2598 − 02 (Reapproved 2007) D2598 − 12
Standard Practice for
Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied
1
Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2598; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers, by compositional analysis, the approximate determination of the following physical characteristics of
commercial propane and special-duty propanepropane, special-duty propane, commercial propane/butane mixtures, and commer-
cial butane (covered by Specification D1835): vapor pressure, relative density, and motor octane number (MON).
1.1.1 This practice is not applicable to any product exceeding specifications for nonvolatile residues. (See Test Method D2158.)
1.1.2 For calculating motor octane number, this practice is applicable only to mixtures containing 20 % or less of propene.
1.1.3 For calculated motor octane number, this practice is based on mixtures containing only components shown in Table 1.
1.2 This practice is not applicable to any product exceeding specifications for nonvolatile residues. (See Test Method D2158.)
1.3 For calculating motor octane number, this practice is applicable only to mixtures containing 20 % or less of propene.
1.4 For calculated motor octane number in method, this practice is based on mixtures containing only components shown in
Table 1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.2.1 Exception—Motor octane number and relative density are given in MON numbers and dimensionless units, respectively.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1267 Test Method for Gage Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)
D1657 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
D2158 Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
D2163 Test Method for Analysis of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propene Concentrates by Gas Chromatography
D2421 Practice for Interconversion of Analysis of C and Lighter Hydrocarbons to Gas-Volume, Liquid-Volume, or Mass Basis
5
3
2.2 Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association Publication:
Liquefied Petroleum Gas for Automotive Use Specification
4
2.3 Gas Processors Suppliers Association:
GPSA Engineering Data Book, 12th Edition, 2004
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 The composition of a sample of LP-gas is obtained by using Test Method D2163 or other acceptable method. From the
analysis (expressed in liquid volume percent), the vapor pressure, relative density, and motor octane number of the sample may
be determined.
3.2 Conversion of a compositional analysis from mole, gas-volume, gas volume, or weight basis to liquid-volume liquid volume
is obtained by using Practice D2421 or other suitable method.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.H0 on
Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
Current edition approved July 1, 2007Nov. 1, 2012. Published September 2007February 2013. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20022007
as D2598D2598–02(2007).–02. DOI: 10.1520/D2598-02R07.10.1520/D2598-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association Limited, ABN 11002703951, 30 George Street, Redfern NSW 2016, http://www.lpgaustralia.com.au/site/
4
Available from Gas Processors Suppliers Association (GPSA), 6526 E. 60th St., Tulsa, OK 74145, http://www.gpsa.gpaglobal.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2598 − 12
A
TABLE 1 Factors for Determining the Physical Characteristics of LP-Gases
Vapor Pressure
Blend Factor, Relative
MON Blend
Component kPa Density at
Value
(psig) at 37.8°C 15
...

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1.3 Although this test method has been used to verify cleanliness and lack of heavy contaminants in propane for many years, it might not be sensitive enough to protect some equipment from operational problems or increased maintenance. A more sensitive test, able to detect lower levels of dissolved contaminants, could be required for some applications.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2598-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Vapor pressure is an important specification property of commercial propane, special duty propane, propane/butane mixtures, and commercial butane that assures adequate vaporization, safety, and compatibility with commercial appliances. Relative density, while not a specification criterion, is necessary for determination of filling densities and custody transfer. The motor octane number (MON) is useful in determining the products' suitability as a fuel for internal combustion engines.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers, by compositional analysis, the approximate determination of the following physical characteristics of commercial propane, special-duty propane, commercial propane/butane mixtures, and commercial butane (covered by Specification D1835): vapor pressure, relative density, and motor octane number (MON).  
1.1.1 This practice is not applicable to any product exceeding specifications for nonvolatile residues. (See Test Method D2158.)  
1.1.2 For calculating motor octane number, this practice is applicable only to mixtures containing 20 % or less of propene.  
1.1.3 For calculated motor octane number, this practice is based on mixtures containing only components shown in Table 1.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions:  
1.2.1.1 Non-SI units in parentheses are given for information only.
1.2.1.2 Motor octane number and relative density are given in MON numbers and dimensionless units, respectively.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6667-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Volatile Sulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Liquefied Petroleum Gases by Ultraviolet Fluorescence

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sulfur content of LPG, used for fuel purposes, contributes to SOx emissions and can lead to corrosion in engine and exhaust systems. Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining can be poisoned by sulfur bearing materials in the feed stocks. This test method can be used to determine sulfur in process feeds, to measure sulfur in finished products, and can also be used for compliance determinations when acceptable to a regulatory authority.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total volatile sulfur in gaseous hydrocarbons and liquefied petroleum (LP) gases. It is applicable to analysis of natural, processed, and final product materials. Precision has been determined for sulfur in gaseous hydrocarbons in the range of 1 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg and for sulfur in LP gases in the range of 1 mg/kg to 196 mg/kg (Note 1).
Note 1: An estimate of pooled limit of quantification (PLOQ), information regarding sample stability and other general information derived from the interlaboratory studies on precision can be referenced in the ASTM research reports.2,3  
1.2 This test method may not detect sulfur compounds that do not vaporize under the conditions of the test.  
1.3 This test method is applicable for total volatile sulfur determination in LP gases containing less than 0.35 % (mass/mass) halogen(s).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 3.1 and Sections 6 and 7 for specific warning statements.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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