ASTM D6473-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Rock For Erosion Control
Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Rock For Erosion Control
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Rock riprap and armor stone are composed of pieces of natural rock that are placed on construction projects, shorelines, streambeds, bridge abutments, pilings, and other structures to minimize the effects of erosion. The ability of rock to withstand deterioration from weathering affects both the effectiveness of the project and its cost. The specific gravity and absorption of rock provide useful information that can be used in evaluating possible deterioration of rock.
Bulk specific gravity and bulk specific gravity SSD may reflect the quality of rock and is important in that it may provide one indicator to the resistance of a rock to movement by water.
The absorption of water into rock may affect its durability under freezing conditions and salt crystallization conditions. In addition, the absorption test has been used as an index test in determining whether additional tests are needed to evaluate the durability of a rock.
Test specimens equal in size to the proposed design size would provide the best correlations between laboratory tests and actual field performance, however this is usually neither practical nor economically feasible.
The results of these tests are not to be used as the sole basis for determination of rock durability, but should be used in conjunction with the results of other tests.
These test methods have been used to evaluate different types of rocks. There have been rare occasions when test results have provided data that have not agreed with the durability of rock under actual field conditions. For example, some rocks with low absorption values have fragmented in actual usage and some with high absorption values have proven to be durable.
Note 2—The quality of the result produced by this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies which meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective te...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of specific gravity and absorption of rock for erosion control, commonly referred to as riprap or armor stone. The specific gravity may be expressed as bulk specific gravity or apparent specific gravity. Bulk specific gravity and absorption are based on a 24 ± 4-h soaking time for the rock specimens tested.
1.2 The use of reclaimed concrete and other materials is beyond the scope of this test method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D6473 −10
StandardTest Method For
Specific Gravity And Absorption of Rock For Erosion
1
Control
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
Ventilation Ovens
1.1 This test method covers the determination of specific
gravity and absorption of rock for erosion control, commonly
3. Terminology
referred to as riprap or armor stone. The specific gravity may
3.1 Definitions—Definitions for terms in this test method
be expressed as bulk specific gravity or apparent specific
shall be in accordance with Terminology D653 except as noted
gravity. Bulk specific gravity and absorption are based on a
in 3.2.
24 6 4-h soaking time for the rock specimens tested.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 The use of reclaimed concrete and other materials is
3.2.1 absorption—the increase in the mass of rock due to
beyond the scope of this test method.
water in the pores of the material, but not including water
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
adhering to the outside surface of the particles. Absorption is
standard.
expressed as a percentage of the dry mass.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 apparent specific gravity—the ratio of the mass in air
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of a given volume of the impermeable portion of a permeable
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
material (that is, the solid matter including its impermeable
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pores or voids) at a stated temperature to the mass of an equal
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
volume of distilled water at the same stated temperature. The
value is dimensionless.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 bulk specific gravity—the ratio of the mass in air of a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
given volume of a permeable solid (including both permeable
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
and impermeable voids within the material) at a stated
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
temperature, to the mass in air of an equal volume of distilled
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
water at the same stated temperature. The value is dimension-
Fluids
less.
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
3.2.4 bulk specific gravity (saturated surface-dry) (SSD)—
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
the ratio of the mass of a given volume of permeable solid,
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
(including the mass of water within the saturated permeable
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
voids) filled to the extent achieved by submerging in water for
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
approximately 24 h at the stated temperature to the mass of an
Construction Materials Testing
equal volume of water at the same stated temperature. The
D4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used for
value is dimensionless.
Erosion Control
3.2.5 specific gravity—the ratio of the mass in air of a given
volume of solid at a stated temperature to the mass of an equal
1 volume of distilled water at the same stated temperature. The
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for Erosion value is dimensionless.
Control.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
4. Summary of Test Method
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6473 - 99(2005).
DOI: 10.1520/D6473-10.
4.1 An air-dried specimen (block, chunk, or slab) of rock is
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
submerged in water for 24 6 4 h after which it is weighed
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
while still submerged. It is then removed from the water, dried
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. to a surface dry condition, and weighed again. Finally it is
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6473−10
dried in an oven for a specified length of time and weighed suitableapparatusforsuspendingthesamplecontainerinwater
again. The initial mass and in
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6473–99 (Reapproved 2005) Designation: D6473 – 10
Standard Test Method For
Specific Gravity And Absorption of Rock For Erosion
1
Control
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of specific gravity and absorption of rock for erosion control, commonly referred
toasripraporarmorstone.Thespecificgravitymaybeexpressedasbulkspecificgravityorapparentspecificgravity.Bulkspecific
gravity and absorption are based on a 24 6 4-h soaking time for the rock specimens tested.
1.2 The use of reclaimed concrete and other materials is beyond the scope of this test method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used for Erosion Control Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used for Erosion
Control
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions for terms in this test method shall be in accordance withTerminology D653 except as noted in 3.2.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 absorption—the increase in the mass of rock due to water in the pores of the material, but not including water adhering
to the outside surface of the particles. Absorption is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass. The rock is considered “dry” if
it has been maintained in an environment for sufficient time to remove all visible water. —the increase in the mass of rock due
towaterintheporesofthematerial,butnotincludingwateradheringtotheoutsidesurfaceoftheparticles.Absorptionisexpressed
as a percentage of the dry mass.
3.2.2 apparent specific gravity—the ratio of (1) the mass in air of a given volume of the impermeable portion of a permeable
material (that is, the solid matter including its impermeable pores or voids) at a stated temperature to (2) the mass of an equal
volume of distilled water at the same stated temperature. The value is dimensionless.
3.2.3 bulk specific gravity—the ratio of (1) the mass in air of a given volume of a permeable solid (including both permeable
and impermeable voids within the material) at a stated temperature, to (2) the mass in air of an equal volume of distilled water
at the same stated temperature. The value is dimensionless.
3.2.4 bulk specific gravity (saturated surface-dry) (SSD)—the ratio of (1) the mass of a given volume of permeable solid,
(including the mass of water within the saturated permeable voids) filled to the extent achieved by submerging in water for
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock andfor Erosion
Control.
Current edition approved JulyOct. 1, 2005.2010. Published December 2005.November 2010. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 19992005
as D6473–99.D6473 - 99(2005). DOI: 10.1520/D6473-99R05.10.1520/D6473-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D6473 – 10
approximately 24 h at the state
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