ASTM D4427-07
(Classification)Standard Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
Standard Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this classification is to standardize the naming of peat materials so that the peat-producer can better identify the product and the peat-consumer better select peat materials to meet requirements. This system may also be used for peat resource evaluations, environmental impact reports, and preliminary engineering studies. The parameters selected for use in this classification are ones which have been determined to relate to the agricultural/horticultural, geotechnical, and energy uses of peats.
Note 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification is a system for subdividing and assigning nomenclature to peat samples through laboratory tests.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4427 −07
StandardClassification of
1
Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4427; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* than 25% ash by dry weight (see Test Methods D2974)), and
from other phytogenic material of higher rank (that is, lignite
1.1 This classification is a system for subdividing and
coal) by its lower calorific value on a water saturated basis.
assigning nomenclature to peat samples through laboratory
tests. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 absorbency—the maximum amount of moisture (by
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
weight)thatcanbeheldbythepeat.Thisisexpressedinterms
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of the water-holding capacity as measured using Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D2980.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.2.2 acidity—this is expressed as the pH of the peat in
water as measured using Test Method D2976.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 ash content—thepercentagebydryweightofmaterial
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: remaining after the oven dry peat is burned, using the methods
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained described in Test Methods D2974.
Fluids
3.2.4 botanical composition—the dominant plant genus,
D1997Test Method for Laboratory Determination of the
genera, or informal plant group identified by visual inspection
Fiber Content of Peat Samples by Dry Mass
as comprising a portion of the fiber in the peat.
D2974Test Methods for Moisture,Ash, and Organic Matter
3.2.5 fiber content—the dry weight of fibers remaining on a
of Peat and Other Organic Soils
100 mesh sieve after wet sieving. Fiber content is expressed as
D2976Test Method for pH of Peat Materials
a percentage of the original dry weight, using the method
D2980Test Method for Volume Mass, Moisture-Holding
described in Test Method D1997.
Capacity, and Porocity of Saturated Peat Materials
4. Significance and Use
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
4.1 The purpose of this classification is to standardize the
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
naming of peat materials so that the peat-producer can better
identify the product and the peat-consumer better select peat
3. Terminology
materials to meet requirements. This system may also be used
3.1 Definitions: for peat resource evaluations, environmental impact reports,
3.1.1 Forcommondefinitionsoftermsinthisstandard,refer
and preliminary engineering studies. The parameters selected
to Terminology D653.
for use in this classification are ones which have been
3.1.2 peat—a naturally-occurring highly organic substance
determined to relate to the agricultural/horticultural,
derived primarily from plant materials. Peat is distinguished
geotechnical, and energy uses of peats.
from other organic soil materials by its lower ash content (less
NOTE 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard is
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.07 on Identification
and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of this
and Classification of Soils.
standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors;
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4427–92(2007).
Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
DOI: 10.1520/D4427-07.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5. Sample
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 Representative samples of the peat should be used. The
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. sizeandtypeofsamplerequiredisdependentontheteststobe
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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