ASTM D3860-98(2008)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determination of Adsorptive Capacity of Activated Carbon by Aqueous Phase Isotherm Technique
Standard Practice for Determination of Adsorptive Capacity of Activated Carbon by Aqueous Phase Isotherm Technique
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is used when activated carbon is considered as an adsorbent in treating water. Since both granular and powdered activated carbons are commercially available, a standard practice is needed to ensure that the activated carbons are evaluated under the same test conditions. Specified particle size carbon is to be used to ensure that the same test conditions are used. The practice is generally performed at 20°C; however, other temperatures may be used and noted.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the adsorptive capacity of activated carbon to remove undesirable constituents from water and waste water. It can be used to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of activated or reactivated carbon.
1.2 This practice is not recommended unless special precautions are taken to reduce loss during sample preparation and analysis.
1.3 This practice is recommended to determine the adsorptive capacity of activated carbon for the following applications, but is not limited to these applications:
1.3.1 Removal of color from dye mill waste water,
1.3.2 Removal of taste or odor constituents, or both, from potable waters,
1.3.3 Removal of toxicants from water,
1.3.4 Removal of surface active agents from water,
1.3.5 Removal of BOD5 from sanitary waste waters, and
1.3.6 Removal of TOC from industrial waste waters.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 The following safety caveat applies to the procedure section of this practice: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D3860 − 98(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Determination of Adsorptive Capacity of Activated Carbon
by Aqueous Phase Isotherm Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the adsorptive
D2652 Terminology Relating to Activated Carbon
capacityofactivatedcarbontoremoveundesirableconstituents
D2867 Test Methods for Moisture in Activated Carbon
from water and waste water. It can be used to evaluate the
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
adsorptive capacity of activated or reactivated carbon.
1.2 This practice is not recommended unless special precau-
3. Terminology
tions are taken to reduce loss during sample preparation and
3.1 Definitions:
analysis.
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsusedinthispracticerelatingto
1.3 This practice is recommended to determine the adsorp-
activated carbon, refer to Terminology D2652.
tivecapacityofactivatedcarbonforthefollowingapplications,
3.1.2 For definition of terms used in this practice relating to
but is not limited to these applications:
water, refer to Terminology D1129.
1.3.1 Removal of color from dye mill waste water,
1.3.2 Removal of taste or odor constituents, or both, from
4. Summary of Practice
potable waters,
1.3.3 Removal of toxicants from water,
4.1 This practice consists of the determination of the ad-
1.3.4 Removal of surface active agents from water,
sorptive capacity of activated carbon for adsorbable constitu-
1.3.5 Removal of BOD from sanitary waste waters, and
5 ents by contacting the aqueous solution with activated carbon,
1.3.6 Removal of TOC from industrial waste waters.
determining the amount of the constituents removed, and
calculating the adsorptive capacity from a Freundlich isotherm
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
plot.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 4.1.1 Sample weights of activated carbon may have to be
adjusted, depending on the concentration of adsorbable con-
1.5 The following safety caveat applies to the procedure
stituents in the water.
section of this practice: This standard does not purport to
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
5. Significance and Use
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
5.1 This practice is used when activated carbon is consid-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ered as an adsorbent in treating water. Since both granular and
powdered activated carbons are commercially available, a
2. Referenced Documents
standard practice is needed to ensure that the activated carbons
2.1 ASTM Standards: are evaluated under the same test conditions. Specified particle
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water size carbon is to be used to ensure that the same test conditions
are used. The practice is generally performed at 20°C;
however, other temperatures may be used and noted.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on Activated
Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.02 on Liquid Phase
6. Interferences
Evaluation.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally
6.1 The water sample must not contain any immiscible oil.
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3860 – 98 (2003).
DOI: 10.1520/D3860-98R08.
6.2 Generally, membrane filters contain a slight amount of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
leachable surfactants and wetting agents that might be a source
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of detectable error in waters having low concentrations of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. adsorbable constituents.
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D3860 − 98 (Reapproved 2008)
7. Apparatus intervalstoallowtimeforfiltration.Generally,a5-mininterval
is adequate. Use one flask without activated carbon for a
7.1 Agitator, able to keep slurried activated carbon in
control sample.
suspension.
9.4 Aftertheadditionofeachactivatedcarbonsample,swirl
NOTE 1—A wrist-action shaker or a magnetic stirrer is suitable as an
the flask to wet the carbon. Stopper the flask and place on the
agitator.
agitator. Record the time.
7.2 Grinding mill, capable of grinding material so that 95 %
9.5 Allow each flask to shake or agitate for2hina water
passes through a 325-mesh sieve.
bath at the desired temperature. Two hours contact time is
7.3 Vacuum or pressure-filtration apparatus.
normally sufficient to achieve steady state. However, a contact
7.4 Membrane filters, 0.40 to 0.45 µm.
time study should be performed to verify that steady state is
achieved (see 4.1).
7.5 Erlenmeyer flasks, glass stoppered, 500-mL and
1000-mL capacity.
9.6 After 2 h, immediately filter each test and control
samples through separate new 0.40 to 0.45-µm membrane
7.6 Analytical balance, capable of weighing to the nearest
filters.
0.1 mg.
NOTE2—Ifthewatersamplecontainsvolatileconstituents,usepress
...
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