ASTM D4043-17
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
Standard Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 An aquifer test method is a controlled field experiment made to determine the approximate hydraulic properties of water-bearing material. The hydraulic properties that can be determined are specific to the test method. The hydraulic properties that can be determined are also dependent upon the instrumentation of the field test, the knowledge of the aquifer system at the field site, and conformance of the hydrogeologic conditions at the field site to the assumptions of the test method. Hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient of the aquifer are the basic properties determined by most test methods. Test methods can be designed also to determine vertical and horizontal anisotropy, aquifer discontinuities, vertical hydraulic conductivity of confining beds, well efficiency, turbulent flow, and specific storage and vertical permeability of confining beds.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers an integral part of a series of standards that are being prepared on the in situ determination of hydraulic properties of aquifer systems by single- or multiple-well tests. This guide provides guidance for development of a conceptual model of a field site and selection of an analytical test method for determination of hydraulic properties. This guide does not establish a fixed procedure for determination of hydrologic properties.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 Limitations—Well techniques have limitations in the determination of hydraulic properties of groundwater flow systems. These limitations are related primarily to the simplifying assumptions that are implicit in each test method. The response of an aquifer system to stress is not unique; therefore, the system must be known sufficiently to select the proper analytical method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4043 − 17
Standard Guide for
Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic
1
Properties by Well Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4043; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* document means only that the document has been approved
through the ASTM consensus process.
1.1 This guide covers an integral part of a series of
standards that are being prepared on the in situ determination
2. Referenced Documents
of hydraulic properties of aquifer systems by single- or
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
multiple-well tests. This guide provides guidance for develop-
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
ment of a conceptual model of a field site and selection of an
Fluids
analytical test method for determination of hydraulic proper-
D4044 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Instantaneous
ties. This guide does not establish a fixed procedure for
Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining Hydraulic
determination of hydrologic properties.
Properties of Aquifers
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D4104 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Over-
standard.
damped Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head
(Slug Tests)
1.3 Limitations—Well techniques have limitations in the
D4105 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Deter-
determination of hydraulic properties of groundwater flow
mining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Non-
systems. These limitations are related primarily to the simpli-
leaky Confined Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequi-
fying assumptions that are implicit in each test method. The
librium Method
response of an aquifer system to stress is not unique; therefore,
D4106 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Deter-
the system must be known sufficiently to select the proper
mining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Non-
analytical method.
leaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D4630 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Storage Coefficient of Low-Permeability Rocks by In Situ
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Measurements Using the Constant Head Injection Test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D5269 Test Method for DeterminingTransmissivity of Non-
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information
leaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Recovery Method
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
D5270 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
Storage Coefficient of Bounded, Nonleaky, Confined
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
Aquifers
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
D5472 Test Method for Determining Specific Capacity and
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
Estimating Transmissivity at the Control Well
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
D5473 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure for) Analyz-
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
ing the Effects of Partial Penetration of Control Well and
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
Determining the Horizontal and Vertical Hydraulic Con-
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
ductivity in a Nonleaky Confined Aquifer
D5716 Test Method for Measuring the Rate of Well Dis-
charge by Circular Orifice Weir
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017. Published January 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4043–96(2010) . Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4043-17. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyrig
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D4043 − 96 (Reapproved 2010) D4043 − 17
Standard Guide for
Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic
1
Properties by Well Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4043; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—The units statement in 1.2 was revised editorially in September 2010.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers an integral part of a series of standards that are being prepared on the in situ determination of hydraulic
properties of aquifer systems by single- or multiple-well tests. This guide provides guidance for development of a conceptual
model of a field site and selection of an analytical test method for determination of hydraulic properties. This guide does not
establish a fixed procedure for determination of hydrologic properties.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 Limitations—Well techniques have limitations in the determination of hydraulic properties of groundwater flow systems.
These limitations are related primarily to the simplifying assumptions that are implicit in each test method. The response of an
aquifer system to stress is not unique; therefore, the system must be known sufficiently to select the proper analytical method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D4044 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties
of Aquifers
D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic Properties of
Aquifer Systems
D4104 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Overdamped
Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug Tests)
D4105 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4106 Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4630 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Low-Permeability Rocks by In Situ
Measurements Using the Constant Head Injection Test
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010Jan. 1, 2017. Published September 2010January 2017. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20042010
ɛ1
as D4043–96(2004).D4043–96(2010) . DOI: 10.1520/D4043-96(2010)E01.10.1520/D4043-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4043 − 17
D4631 Test M
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