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ASTM C928-05

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete Repairs

Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete Repairs

ABSTRACT
This specification covers packaged, dry, cementitious mortar or concrete materials for rapid repairs to hardened hydraulic-cement concrete pavements and structures. Materials that contain organic compounds, such as bitumens, epoxy resins, and polyesters, as the principal binder are not included. Packaged, dry, concrete material contains aggregate of which at least 5% by mass of the total mixture is retained. Packaged, dry, mortar material contains aggregate of which less than 5% by mass of the total mixture is retained. Aqueous solutions, aqueous emulsions or dispersions may be included as components of the packaged materials. Aggregates must be included as a component of the packaged materials. Both packaged dry concrete and mortar shall be mechanically mixed with the use of a mixing liquid. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the following properties: compressive strength, length change, scaling resistance, and slant shear bond strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers packaged, dry, cementitious mortar or concrete materials for rapid repairs to hardened hydraulic-cement concrete pavements and structures. Materials that contain organic compounds, such as bitumens, epoxy resins, and polyesters, as the principal binder are not included.
1.1.1 Packaged, dry, concrete material contains aggregate of which at least 5 % by mass of the total mixture is retained on a 9.5-mm (3/8-in.) sieve.
1.1.2 Packaged, dry, mortar material contains aggregate of which less than 5 % by mass of the total mixture is retained on a 9.5-mm (3/8-in.) sieve.
1.2 Aqueous solutions, aqueous emulsions or dispersions may be included as components of the packaged materials. The manufacturer may specify that these liquids are to replace some or all of the mixing water.
1.3 Aggregates must be included as a component of the packaged materials. The manufacturer may recommend job site addition of specific amounts and types of additional aggregates to his product for some uses. However, such reformulated products are not within the scope of this specification.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion of measurements made in other units, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI-10.
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test methods portion of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.43 - Packaged Dry Combined Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C928-00 - Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete Repairs
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Replaced By
ASTM C928/C928M-08 - Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete Repairs
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008

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ASTM C928-05 - Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete RepairsASTM C928-05 - Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete Repairs
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ASTM C928-05 - Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete Repairs
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 928 – 05
Standard Specification for
Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for
1
Concrete Repairs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 928; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification covers packaged, dry, cementitious 2.1 ASTM Standards:
mortar or concrete materials for rapid repairs to hardened C39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
hydraulic-cement concrete pavements and structures. Materials Concrete Specimens
that contain organic compounds, such as bitumens, epoxy C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
resins, and polyesters, as the principal binder are not included. Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
1.1.1 Packaged, dry, concrete material contains aggregate of C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
which at least5%by mass of the total mixture is retained on Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
3
a 9.5-mm ( ⁄8-in.) sieve. Specimens)
1.1.2 Packaged, dry, mortar material contains aggregate of C 143 Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Con-
which less than5%by mass of the total mixture is retained on crete
3
a 9.5-mm ( ⁄8-in.) sieve. C 157 Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
1.2 Aqueous solutions, aqueous emulsions or dispersions Hydraulic-Cement, Mortar, and Concrete
may be included as components of the packaged materials.The C 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete
manufacturermayspecifythattheseliquidsaretoreplacesome Test Specimens in the Laboratory
or all of the mixing water. C 403/C 403M TestMethodforTimeofSettingofConcrete
1.3 Aggregates must be included as a component of the Mixtures by Penetration Resistant
packaged materials. The manufacturer may recommend job C 494 Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
site addition of specific amounts and types of additional C 666 Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid
aggregates to his product for some uses. However, such Freezing and Thawing
reformulated products are not within the scope of this specifi- C 672/C 672M Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Con-
cation. crete Surfaces Exposed to Deicing Chemicals
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for Testing Size
information only. Values in SI units shall be obtained by C 882 Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-Resin
measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion of Systems Used With Concrete By Slant Shear
measurements made in other units, using the Rules for Con- C 1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-
version and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI-10. Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test E96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
methods portion of this specification: This standard does not rials
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
use.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
2
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
C09.43 on Packaged, Dry, Combined Concrete. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C 928 – 00. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C928–05
3. Materials and Manufacture 4.1.1 Consider a total chloride ion content (Berman,
3,4
1972) in the packaged repair material greater than 600
3.1 Three types of packaged, dry, rapid-hardening concrete
3 3
g/m (1 lb/yd ) of the hardened repair material indicative that
and three types of packaged, dry, rapid-hardening mortar are
the packaged material contains sufficient chlorides to cause
identified in Table 1.
corrosion to steel reinforcement when the concrete is expos
...

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4.1 Alkali-silica reaction is a chemical interaction between some siliceous constituents of concrete aggregates and hydroxyl ions (1).5 The concentration of hydroxyl ion within the concrete is predominantly controlled by the concentration of sodium and potassium (2).  
4.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the potential of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag to expand deleteriously due to any form of alkali-silica reactivity (3, 4).  
4.3 If testing an aggregate with pozzolan or slag, the results are used to establish minimum amounts of the specific pozzolan or slag needed to prevent deleterious expansion. Pozzolan or slag from a specific source can be tested individually or in combination with pozzolan or slag from other sources.  
4.4 When selecting a sample or deciding on the number of samples for test, it is important to recognize the variability in lithology of material from a given source, whether a deposit of sand, gravel, or a rock formation of any origin. For specific advice, see Guide C295/C295M.  
4.5 This test method is intended for evaluating the behavior of aggregates portland cement in concrete with an alkali (alkali metal oxide) content of 5.25 kg/m3 [8.85 lb/yd3] or in concrete containing pozzolan or slag with an alkali content proportionally reduced from 5.25 kg/m3 [8.85 lb/yd3] Na2O equivalent by the amount of pozzolan or slag replacing portland cement. This test method assesses the potential for deleterious expansion of concrete caused by alkali-silica reaction, of either coarse or fine aggregates, from tests performed under prescribed laboratory curing conditions that will probably differ from field conditions. Thus, actual field performance will not be duplicated due to differences in concrete alkali content, wetting and drying, temperature, other factors, or combinations of these (5).  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.  
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ASTM C617/C617M-23(Practice)
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3.1 This practice describes procedures for providing plane surfaces on the ends of freshly molded concrete cylinders, hardened cylinders, or drilled concrete cores when the end surfaces do not conform with the planeness and perpendicularity requirements of applicable standards. Practice C1231/C1231M describes alternative procedures using unbonded caps or pad caps.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers apparatus, materials, and procedures for capping freshly molded concrete cylinders with neat cement and hardened cylinders and drilled concrete cores with high-strength gypsum paste or sulfur mortar.  
1.2 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Concrete Cylinders Cast in Place in Cylindrical Molds

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of strength of cylindrical concrete specimens that have been molded in place using special molds attached to formwork. A concrete cylinder mold assembly consisting of a mold and a tubular support member is fastened within the concrete formwork prior to placement of the concrete. The elevation of the mold upper edge is adjusted to correspond to the plane of the finished slab surface. The mold support prevents direct contact of the slab concrete with the outside of the mold and permits its easy removal from the hardened concrete. Strength of cast-in-place cylinders may be used for various purposes, such as estimating the load-bearing capacity of slabs, determining the time of form and shore removal, and determining the effectiveness of curing and protection. Consolidation of concrete in the mold may be varied to simulate the conditions of placement. Internal vibration of concrete in the mold is prohibited except under special circumstances.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Cast-in-place cylinder strength relates to the strength of concrete in the structure due to the similarity of curing conditions because the cylinder is cured within the slab. However, due to differences in moisture condition, degree of consolidation, specimen size, and length-diameter ratio, there is not a unique relationship between the strength of cast-in-place cylinders and cores of the same age. When cores can be drilled undamaged and tested in the same moisture condition as the cast-in-place cylinders, the strength of the cylinders can be expected to be on average 10 % higher than the cores at ages up to 91 days for specimens of the same size and length-diameter ratio.4  
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SCOPE
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4.1 Existing practices and test methods for fabricating fresh concrete test specimens are not suited to SCC. This practice provides requirements and procedures for fabricating test specimens with SCC having a slump flow of 500 mm [20 in.] or greater.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the passing ability of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) by using the J-Ring in combination with a mold.  
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4.1 This practice provides for using an unbonded capping system in testing hardened concrete cylinders made in accordance with Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M, or cores obtained in accordance with Test Method C42/C42M in lieu of the capping systems described in Practice C617/C617M.  
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SCOPE
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4.1 This test method is of primary significance in determining the acceptability of aggregate with respect to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the approximate determination of clay lumps and friable particles in aggregates.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Sieve sizes openings are identified by their Specification E11 designation with their alternative Specification E11 designation given in parentheses for information only.  
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ASTM C1701/C1701M-17a(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of In Place Pervious Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tests performed at the same location across a span of years may be used to detect a reduction of infiltration rate of the pervious concrete, thereby identifying the need for remediation.  
5.2 The infiltration rate obtained by this method is valid only for the localized area of the pavement where the test is conducted. To determine the infiltration rate of the entire pervious pavement multiple locations must be tested and the results averaged.  
5.3 The field infiltration rate is typically established by the design engineer of record and is a function of the design precipitation event.  
5.4 This test method does not measure the influence on in-place infiltration rate due to sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab. Visual inspection of concrete cores is the best approach for determining sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the field water infiltration rate of in place pervious concrete.
Note 1: For permeable unit pavement systems, Test Method C1781/C1781M should be used. Test Method C1781/C1781M is functionally identical to this test method but includes added provisions for positioning and securing the test ring to a discontinuous surface. Both tests methods give comparable results  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes that provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C173/C173M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method covers the determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete. It measures the air contained in the mortar fraction of the concrete, but is not affected by air that may be present inside porous aggregate particles.  
4.1.1 Therefore, this is the appropriate test to determine the air content of concretes containing lightweight aggregates, air-cooled slag, and highly porous or vesicular natural aggregates.  
4.2 This test method requires the addition of sufficient isopropyl alcohol, when the meter is initially being filled with water, so that after the first or subsequent rollings little or no foam collects in the neck of the top section of the meter. If more foam is present than that equivalent to 2 % air above the water level, the test is declared invalid and must be repeated using a larger quantity of alcohol. Addition of alcohol to dispel foam any time after the initial filling of the meter to the zero mark is not permitted.  
4.3 The air content of hardened concrete may be either higher or lower than that determined by this test method. This depends upon the methods and amounts of consolidation effort applied to the concrete from which the hardened concrete specimen is taken; uniformity and stability of the air bubbles in the fresh and hardened concrete; accuracy of the microscopic examination, if used; time of comparison; environmental exposure; stage in the delivery, placement and consolidation processes at which the air content of the unhardened concrete is determined, that is, before or after the concrete goes through a pump; and other factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete containing any type of aggregate, whether it be dense, cellular, or lightweight.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C138/C138M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete

ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the density of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the unit weight, yield or relative yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials. The test method shall use the following apparatuses: balance or scale; tamping rod, which is a round straight steel rod having the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip; internal vibrator which may have rigid of flexible shafts, preferably powered by electric motors; measure, which is a cylindrical container made of steel or other suitable metal specified herein; strike-off plate; mallet; and scoop of a size large enough so each amount of concrete obtained from the sampling receptacle is representative and small enough so it is not spilled during placement in the measure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the density (see Note 1) of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Unit weight was the previous terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is mass per unit volume.  
1.3 The text of this test method refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off