ASTM D4146-10(2018)

Standard Test Method for Formability of Zinc-Rich Primer/Chromate Complex Coatings on Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The results of the combined deformation and tape test are related to the ability of the coated metal to withstand stamping in factory applications.  
5.2 This test can be used to control the manufacturing process or in development work to improve the product.  
5.3 It should be recognized that variability in the results persist due to the test conditions and forming machine variations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the formability and adhesion of factory applied zinc-rich primer/chromate complex coatings on steel with thicknesses of 0.65 to 1.25 mm (0.025 to 0.05 in.) typical of those used in the coil coating industry.  
1.2 The degree of oil removal prior to forming, the techniques of taping, and differences in adhesive strength of the tape can affect the adhesion rating.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2018
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.53 - Coil Coated Metal

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4146 − 10 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Formability of Zinc-Rich Primer/Chromate Complex
Coatings on Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Document:
Pictorial Standards of Coating Defects
1.1 Thistestmethodcoverstheevaluationoftheformability
and adhesion of factory applied zinc-rich primer/chromate
3. Terminology
complex coatings on steel with thicknesses of 0.65 to 1.25 mm
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
(0.025 to 0.05 in.) typical of those used in the coil coating
3.1.1 dome height, n—the height of the dome formed in the
industry.
test.
1.2 The degree of oil removal prior to forming, the tech-
3.1.2 indenting ball diameter, n—the diameter of the
niques of taping, and differences in adhesive strength of the
spherical-ended penetrator (ball) used to deform the specimen.
tape can affect the adhesion rating. 5
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The 41-mm (1 ⁄8-in.) diameter ball was
selected because it minimizes the variability in the localized
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
peak strain. This size ball is commercially available and is as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
large as most testing machines can accommodate.
only.
3.1.3 percent strain, n—the percent elongation of scribed
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
gage lengths after forming. For the draw height of 13 mm
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(0.512 in.), using a 1 ⁄8-in. diameter ball, the localized peak
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
strain is about 19 % (see Fig. 1).
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
For a specific hazard statement, see Section 7.
4.1 A coated specimen is biaxially stretched a given dis-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
tance in an appropriate machine, adhesive tape is applied to the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
deformed area (dome) and then pulled off, and the amount of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
coating removed is compared with a photographic standard to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
determine the coating adhesion rating.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The results of the combined deformation and tape test
2. Referenced Documents
are related to the ability of the coated metal to withstand
stamping in factory applications.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3330/D3330M Test Method for PeelAdhesion of Pressure-
5.2 This test can be used to control the manufacturing
Sensitive Tape
process or in development work to improve the product.
5.3 It should be recognized that variability in the results
persist due to the test conditions and forming machine varia-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
tions.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.53 on Coil Coated Metal.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4146 – 10. DOI: Copies of the pictorial photographic reference standard are contained in the
10.1520/D4146-10R18. publication Pictorial Standards of Coating Defects and may be obtained from the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492 Norristown Rd., Blue
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Bell, PA 19422-2350, http://www.coatingstech.org. The silver halide gelatin photo-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on graphs are intended to be the only primary reference standards for this test method.
the ASTM website. Thereproductionsoftheminthistestmethodareforthepurposeofillustrationonly.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4146 − 10 (2018)
the required height is obtained, and clamping arrangement to
hold the specimen with a minimum pressure of 8.9 kN (2000
lbf).
6.1.1 The speed of forming shall be between 4.8 and 25
mm/min (0.2 and 1.0 in./min). The speed is usually slowed to
measure more accurately the final height as shown on the dial
indicator, but the final punch speed shall be controlled at 6 mm
(0.24 in.)/min maximum.
6.2 Indenting Ball, with a diameter of 41 mm (1 ⁄8 in.), a
Rockwell hardness number not less than 61 on the Rockwell C
scale (HRC), and a smooth surface finish not exceeding 4 µm
(160 µin.). The indenting ball shall not deform during the test.
Theballandholdershallmovethroughthecenterlineofthetop
and bottom dies. The ball shall be clean and free of oil, grease,
oxide buildup, rust, dirt, nicks, or damage.
6.3 Ball Holder, to hold the ball in its seat during the test.
Most ball holders are removable so that other ball punch
deformation tests can be done in the same machine.
6.4 Upper and Lower Dies with a hardness of 56 HRC or
higher. The upper die shall have an approach radius of 1.6 6
0.05 mm (0.0625 6 0.002 in.). The diameter of the opening in
Draw distance 0.512 in. (13 mm) Ball diameter 1 ⁄8 in. (41 mm)
the upper and lower die shall be 42 mm (1.64 in.). In most
FIG. 1 Survey of Strain Over Biaxially Stretched Dome
machines, these dies are removable.
6.5 Dial Indicator,ridingonthesurfaceoftheformingsheet
to monitor the movement of the penetrator (ball) and graduated
6. Apparatus and Materials (see Fig. 2)
so that the displacement, or ball height, can be measured at
6.1 Forming Machine, equipped with a spherical-ended
least to 60 µm (60.0025 in.) but preferably to 25 µm (60.001
penetrator to deform the specimen with appropriate dies, until in.).
6.6 Adhesive Tape, 25 mm (1 in.) wide, transparent, high-
tack, pressure-sensitive tape with an adhesive strength to steel
of50g/mm(45oz/in.)ofwidthwhentestedinaccordancewith
Test Method D3330/D3330M, and a tensile strength of 500
g/mm (28 lb/in
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4146 − 10 D4146 − 10 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Formability of Zinc-Rich Primer/Chromate Complex
Coatings on Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the formability and adhesion of factory applied zinc-rich primer/chromate complex
coatings on steel with thicknesses of 0.65 to 1.25 mm (0.025 to 0.05 in.) typical of those used in the coil coating industry.
1.2 The degree of oil removal prior to forming, the techniques of taping, and differences in adhesive strength of the tape can
affect the adhesion rating.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 7.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3330/D3330M Test Method for Peel Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tape
2.2 Other Document:
Pictorial Standards of Coating Defects
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 dome height, n—the height of the dome formed in the test.
3.1.2 indenting ball diameter, n—the diameter of the spherical-ended penetrator (ball) used to deform the specimen.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
The 41-mm (1 ⁄8-in.) diameter ball was selected because it minimizes the variability in the localized peak strain. This size ball is
commercially available and is as large as most testing machines can accommodate.
3.1.3 percent strain, n—the percent elongation of scribed gage lengths after forming. For the draw height of 13 mm (0.512 in.),
using a 1 ⁄8-in. diameter ball, the localized peak strain is about 19 % (see Fig. 1).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.53 on Coil Coated Metal.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010Sept. 1, 2018. Published July 2010September 2018. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20032010 as
D4146D 4146 – 96 (2003) which was withdrawn February 2009 and reinstated in June 2010. DOI: 10.1520/D4146-10. – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D4146-10R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copies of the pictorial photographic reference standard are contained in the publication Pictorial Standards of Coating Defects and may be obtained from the Federation
of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492 Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422-2350, http://www.coatingstech.org. The silver halide gelatin photographs are intended
to be the only primary reference standards for this test method. The reproductions of them in this test method are for the purpose of illustration only.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4146 − 10 (2018)
Draw distance 0.512 in. (13 mm) Ball diameter 1 ⁄8 in. (41 mm)
FIG. 1 Survey of Strain Over Biaxially Stretched Dome
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A coated specimen is biaxially stretched a given distance in an appropriate machine, adhesive tape is applied to the deformed
area (dome) and then pulled off, and the amount of coating removed is compared with a photographic standard to determine the
coating adhesion rating.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The results of the combined deformation and tape test are related to the ability of the coated metal to withstand stamping
in factory applications.
5.2 This test can be used to control the manufacturing process or in development work to improve the product.
5.3 It should be recognized that variability in the results persist due to the test conditions and forming machine variations.
6. Apparatus and Materials (see Fig. 2)
6.1 Forming Machine, equipped with a spherical-ended penetrator to deform the specimen with appropriate dies, until the
required height is obtained, and clamping arrangement to hold the specimen with a minimum pressure of 8.9 kN (2000 lbf).
6.1.1 The speed of forming shall be between 4.8 and 25 mm/min (0.2 and 1.0 in./min). The speed is usually slowed to measure
more accurately the final height as shown on the dial indicator, but the final punch speed shall be controlled at 6 mm (0.24 in.)/min
maximum.
6.2 Indenting Ball, with a diameter of 41 mm (1 ⁄8 in.), a Rockwell hardness number not less than 61 on the Rockwell C scale
(HRC), and a smooth surface finish not exceeding 4 μm (160 μin.). The indenting ball shall not deform during the test. The ball
and holder shall move through the centerline of the top and bottom dies. The ball shall be clean and free of oil, grease, oxide
buildup, rust, dirt, nicks, or damage.
6.3 Ball Holder, to hold the ball in its seat during the test. Most ball holders are removable so that other ball punch deformation
tests can be done in the same machine.
6.4 Upper and Lower Dies with a hardness of 56 HRC or higher. The upper die shall have an approach radius of 1.6 6 0.05
mm (0.0625 6 0.002 in.). The diameter of the opening in the upper and lower die shall be 42 mm (1.64 in.). In most machines,
these dies are removable.
6.5 Dial Indicator, riding on the surface of the forming sheet to monitor the movement of the penetrator (ball) and graduated
so that the displacement, or ball height, can be measured at least to 60 μm (60.0025 in.) but preferably to 25 μm (60.001 in.).
6.6 Adhesive Tape, 25 mm (1 in.) wide, transparent, h
...