ASTM C1525-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermal Shock Resistance for Advanced Ceramics by Water Quenching
Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermal Shock Resistance for Advanced Ceramics by Water Quenching
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The high temperature capabilities of advanced ceramics are a key performance benefit for many demanding engineering applications. In many of those applications, advanced ceramics will have to perform across a broad temperature range with exposure to sudden changes in temperature and heat flux. Thermal shock resistance of the ceramic material is a critical factor in determining the durability of the component under transient thermal conditions.
This test method is useful for material development, quality assurance, characterization, and assessment of durability. It has limited value for design data generation, because of the limitations of the flexural test geometry in determining fundamental tensile properties.
Appendix X1 (following EN 820-3) provides an introduction to thermal stresses, thermal shock, and critical material/geometry factors. The appendix also contains a mathematical analysis of the stresses developed by thermal expansion under steady state and transient conditions, as determined by mechanical properties, thermal characteristics, and heat transfer effects.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the resistance of advanced ceramics to thermal shock by water quenching. The method builds on the experimental principle of rapid quenching of a test specimen at an elevated temperature in a water bath at room temperature. The effect of the thermal shock is assessed by measuring the reduction in flexural strength produced by rapid quenching of test specimens heated across a range of temperatures. For a quantitative measurement of thermal shock resistance, a critical temperature interval is determined by a reduction in the mean flexural strength of at least 30 %. The test method does not determine thermal stresses developed as a result of a steady state temperature differences within a ceramic body or of thermal expansion mismatch between joined bodies. The test method is not intended to determine the resistance of a ceramic material to repeated shocks. Since the determination of the thermal shock resistance is performed by evaluating retained strength, the method is not suitable for ceramic components; however, test specimens cut from components may be used.
1.2 The test method is intended primarily for dense monolithic ceramics, but may also be applicable to certain composites such as whisker- or particulate-reinforced ceramic matrix composites that are macroscopically homogeneous.
1.3 Values expressed in this standard test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C 1525 – 04
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Thermal Shock Resistance for Advanced
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Ceramics by Water Quenching
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1525; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 This test method describes the determination of the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
resistance of advanced ceramics to thermal shock by water C 373 Water Absorption, Bulk Density, Apparent Porosity,
quenching.The method builds on the experimental principle of and Apparent Specific Gravity of Fired Whiteware Prod-
rapid quenching of a test specimen at an elevated temperature ucts
in a water bath at room temperature. The effect of the thermal C 1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
shock is assessed by measuring the reduction in flexural C 1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced
strength produced by rapid quenching of test specimens heated Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
acrossarangeoftemperatures.Foraquantitativemeasurement C 1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and
of thermal shock resistance, a critical temperature interval is Estimating Weibull Parameters for Advanced Ceramics
determined by a reduction in the mean flexural strength of at C 1322 Practice for Fractography and Characterization of
least 30 %. The test method does not determine thermal Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
stresses developed as a result of a steady state temperature E 4 Practice for Force Verification of Testing Machines
differences within a ceramic body or of thermal expansion E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
mismatch between joined bodies. The test method is not ing
intended to determine the resistance of a ceramic material to E 616 Terminology Relating to Fracture Testing
repeated shocks. Since the determination of the thermal shock IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
resistance is performed by evaluating retained strength, the System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
method is not suitable for ceramic components; however, test 2.2 European Standard:
specimens cut from components may be used. EN 820-3 Advanced Technical Ceramics—Monolithic
1.2 The test method is intended primarily for dense mono- Ceramics—Thermomechanical Properties—Part 3: Deter-
lithic ceramics, but may also be applicable to certain compos- mination of Resistance to Thermal Shock by Water
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ites such as whisker- or particulate-reinforced ceramic matrix Quenching
composites that are macroscopically homogeneous.
3. Terminology
1.3 Values expressed in this standard test method are in
3.1 Definitions—The terms described in Terminologies
accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and
Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10. C 1145, E 6, and E 616 are applicable to this standard test
method. Specific terms relevant to this test method are as
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the follows:
3.1.1 advanced ceramic, n—a highly engineered, high per-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- formance, predominately non-metallic, inorganic, ceramic ma-
terial having specific functional attributes. C 1145
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Properties and Performance. the ASTM website.
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Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally Available from CEN, 36, rue de Stassart, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, ww-
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 1525 - 03. w.cenorm.be.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C1525–04
3.1.2 critical temperature difference, DT , n—temperature 6. Interferences
c
difference between the furnace and the ambient temperature
6.1 Time-dependent phenomena such as stress corrosion or
water bath that will cause a 30 % drop in the average flexural
slow crack growth may influence the strength tests. This might
strength.
especially be a problem if the test specimens are not properly
3.1.3 flexural strength
...
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