ASTM D4693-97

Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Torque of Grease-Lubricated Wheel Bearings

SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the extent to which a test grease retards the rotation of a specially-manufactured, spring-loaded, automotive-type wheel bearing assembly when subjected to low temperatures. Torque values, calculated from restraining-force determinations, are a measure of the viscous resistance of the grease. This test method was developed with greases giving torques of less than 35 N[dot]m at -40°C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1996
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.G0.05 - Functional Tests - Temperature

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D4693-97(2002)e1 - Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Torque of Grease-Lubricated Wheel Bearings
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: D 4693 – 97 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Low-Temperature Torque of Grease-Lubricated Wheel
1
Bearings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 585 Specification for Sheathed Base-Metal Thermo-
4
couple Materials
1.1 This test method determines the extent to which a test
E 608 Specification for Metal-Sheathed Base-Metal Ther-
grease retards the rotation of a specially-manufactured, spring-
4
mocouples
loaded, automotive-type wheel bearing assembly when sub-
5
2.2 Military Standard:
jected to low temperatures. Torque values, calculated from
MIL-G-10924F Specification for Automotive and Artillery
restraining-force determinations, are a measure of the viscous
2.3 Other Standard:
resistance of the grease. This test method was developed with
Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturer Assoc. (AFBMA) Stan-
greases giving torques of less than 35 N·m at −40°C.
dard 19, 1974 (ANSI B. 3.19-1975)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 automotive wheel bearing grease, n—a lubricating
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
grease specifically formulated to lubricate automotive wheel
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bearings at relatively high grease temperatures and bearing
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
speeds.
2. Referenced Documents D 3527
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
2.1 ASTM Standards:
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
D 217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
2
D 4175
Grease
3.1.3 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
D 1403 Test Method for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale Cone
2
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
Equipment
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
D 3527 Test Method for Life Performance of Automotive
3 surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are
Wheel Bearing Grease
commonly included to impact special properties. D 217
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
3 3.1.4 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com-
Products, and Lubricants
4
posed of finely-divided, particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
to form the product’s structure.
E 77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
4
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The solid thickener can be fibers (such
mometers
as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
E 220 Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Com-
4
non-soap thickeners) which are insoluble or, at the most, only
parison Techniques
very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general
E 230 Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for
4
requirements are that the solid partices be extremely small,
Standardized Thermocouples
uniformly dispered, and capable of forming a relatively stable,
E 563 Practice for Preparation and Use of Freezing Point
4
gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant. D 217
Reference Baths
4. Summary of Test Method
1
4.1 A freshly stirred and worked sample of test grease is
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D-2 on Petroleum
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.G on
packed into the bearings of a specially-manufactured,
Lubricating Grease.
automotive-type spindle-bearings-hub assembly. The assembly
Current edition approved June 10, 1997. Published October 1997. Originally
published as D 4693 – 87. Last previous edition D 4693 – 95.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
1

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D 4693
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point) worm-gear lubricant. In addition, if not already so-equipped,
is heated and then cold soaked at −40°C, unless another test
large-diameter (152 mm), narrow-width (13 mm) timing pulleys and a
temperature is specified by the grease specification. The
suitable timing belt should be used.
spindle is rotated at 1 rpm and the torque requi
...