ASTM F1815-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Water Retention, Porosity, and Bulk Density of Athletic Field Rootzones
Standard Test Methods for Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Water Retention, Porosity, and Bulk Density of Athletic Field Rootzones
ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the standard procedures and related calculations for determining the saturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention, porosity, and bulk density of sand-based root zone mixtures used in the construction and topdressing of golf course putting greens including United States Golf Association (USGA) recommended greens, golf course tees, sand-based sports fields, and other highly trafficked turfgrass areas. These test methods are not designed for use with fine or medium textured soils such as sandy loams and loams. Test Method A is used to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity by maintaining water flow through the core at a constant hydraulic head until a steady flow rate is achieved, at which time aliquots of the outflow are collected. Test Method B, on the other hand, is used to determine water retention and bulk density. Water retention is obtained at a soil suction, wherein water is extracted from a prepared core by means of a tension table or other water extraction apparatus. And when equilibrium is achieved after the core has been oven dried, the weight is recorded. Bulk density is, then, calculated from the mix or sand dry weight and volume. Test Method C is used to calculate the total porosity from the bulk density and particle density. And lastly, Test Method D is used to calculate the capillary and air-filled porosities. Capillary porosity is calculated from the bulk density and water retention information, while, the air-filled or aeration porosity is calculated from the difference of the total and capillary porosities.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention, porosity (including distribution of capillary and air-filled porosity at a known soil suction), and bulk density on sand-based root zone mixes to be used for construction and topdressing of golf course putting greens including United States Golf Association (USGA) recommended greens, golf course tees, sand-based sports fields, or other highly trafficked turfgrass areas. These test methods are designed for sand-based mixes and are not intended for use with fine or medium textured soils, for example, sandy loams and loams.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1815 − 11 An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Water Retention, Porosity,
1
and Bulk Density of Athletic Field Rootzones
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1815; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Content of Soil By Direct Heating
D5550Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
1.1 Thesetestmethodscoverthemeasurementsofsaturated
Gas Pycnometer
hydraulic conductivity, water retention, porosity (including
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
distribution of capillary and air-filled porosity at a known soil
Sieves
suction),andbulkdensityonsand-basedrootzonemixestobe
F1647Test Methods for Organic Matter Content ofAthletic
used for construction and topdressing of golf course putting
Field Rootzone Mixes
greens including United States Golf Association (USGA)
recommended greens, golf course tees, sand-based sports
3. Summary of Test Method
fields, or other highly trafficked turfgrass areas. These test
methods are designed for sand-based mixes and are not 3.1 Test Method A—Saturated hydraulic conductivity is
determined on compacted, saturated mix or sand soil cores.
intended for use with fine or medium textured soils, for
example, sandy loams and loams. Water flow through the core is maintained at a constant
hydraulic head until a steady flow rate is achieved, at which
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
time aliquots of the outflow are collected.
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
3.2 Test Method B—Water retention is obtained at a soil
information only.
suction as defined by the design architect or engineer in the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specifications.Inlieuofaspecification,oriftestingforUSGA
safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility
greens,thewaterretentionshallbedeterminedatasoilsuction
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
of30cm.Thewatershallbeextractedfromapreparedcoreby
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
means of a tension table or other water extraction apparatus.
limitations prior to its use.
Whenequilibriumisachieved,theweightisrecorded.Thecore
is oven dried at 105°C until a constant weight is obtained.
2. Referenced Documents
Water retention is calculated on an oven dried basis. Bulk
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
density is calculated from the mix or sand dry weight and
D854Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
volume.
Water Pycnometer
3.3 Test Method C—Total porosity is calculated from the
D2216TestMethodsforLaboratoryDeterminationofWater
bulk density and particle density.
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2974Test Methods for Moisture,Ash, and Organic Matter
3.4 Test Method D—Capillary porosity is calculated from
of Peat and Other Organic Soils
the bulk density and water retention information. Air-filled or
D4643Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture)
aeration porosity is calculated from the difference of total and
Content of Soil by Microwave Oven Heating
capillary porosity.
D4959Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture)
4. Apparatus
4.1 Cylinders, made of metal, PVC, or similar rigid mate-
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on
rials shall have an inside diameter of 51 or 76+2mm(2or3
Sports Equipment and Facilitiesand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F08.64 on Natural Playing Surfaces.
+ 0.08 in.), and a height of 76+2mm(3+ 0.08 in.).
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally
4.2 Compactor, shall be such as to exert a total potential
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1815–06. DOI:
2 2
10.1520/F1815-11.
energy of 3.03 J/cm (14.3 ft-lb/in. ) across the cross-sectional
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
area of the core. Fig. 1 shows an example of such a device
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
whereaweightedhammerisdropped15timesfromaheightof
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 305+2mm(12+0.08in.).A51mm(2in.)diametercorewill
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1815 − 11
4.6 Balance—A balance sensitive to 0.1 g.
4.7 Thermometer, accurate to 0.5°C.
4.8 Sieves, No. 5 (4 mm).
5. Preparation of Samples
5.1 Premixe
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:F1815–06 Designation:F1815–11
Standard Test Methods for
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Water Retention, Porosity,
and Bulk Density of Putting Green and Sports Turf Root
ZonesSaturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Water Retention,
1
Porosity, and Bulk Density of Athletic Field Rootzones
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1815; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention, porosity (including
distribution of capillary and air-filled porosity at a known soil suction), and bulk density on sand-based root zone mixes to be used
for construction and topdressing of golf course putting greens including United States Golf Association (USGA) recommended
greens, golf course tees, sand-based sports fields, or other highly trafficked turfgrass areas. These test methods are designed for
sand-based mixes and are not intended for use with fine or medium textured soils, for example, sandy loams and loams.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to its use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2974 Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
D4643 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil by Microwave Oven Heating
D4959 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil By Direct Heating
D5550 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Gas Pycnometer
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
F1647 Test Methods for Organic Matter Content of Athletic Field Rootzone Mixes
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Test MethodA—Saturated hydraulic conductivity is determined on compacted, saturated mix or sand soil cores. Water flow
throughthecoreismaintainedataconstanthydraulicheaduntilasteadyflowrateisachieved,atwhichtimealiquotsoftheoutflow
are collected.
3.2 Test Method B—Water retention is obtained at a soil suction as defined by the design architect or engineer in the
specifications. In lieu of a specification, or if testing for USGA greens, the water retention shall be determined at a soil suction
of 30 cm.The water shall be extracted from a prepared core by means of a tension table or other water extraction apparatus.When
equilibriumisachieved,theweightisrecorded.Thecoreisovendriedat105°Cuntilaconstantweightisobtained.Waterretention
is calculated on an oven dried basis. Bulk density is calculated from the mix or sand dry weight and volume.
3.3 Test Method C—Total porosity is calculated from the bulk density and particle density.
3.4 TestMethodD—Capillaryporosityiscalculatedfromthebulkdensityandwaterretentioninformation.Air-filledoraeration
porosity is calculated from the difference of total and capillary porosity.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and Facilities and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.64
on Natural Playing Surfaces.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2006. Published December 2006. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as F1815–97 which was
withdrawn in August 2006 and reinstated in December 2006. DOI: 10.1520/F1815-06.
CurrenteditionapprovedApril1,2011.PublishedMay2011.Originallyapprovedin1997.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2006asF1815 – 06.DOI:10.1520/F1815-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Pag
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.