ASTM F2133-01(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fires on Insulated Marine Bulkheads and Decks, Constructed of Steel (Withdrawn 2013)
Standard Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fires on Insulated Marine Bulkheads and Decks, Constructed of Steel (Withdrawn 2013)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time period during which bulkheads and decks will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled, standardized fire exposure.
5.1.1 In particular, the selected standard exposure condition simulates the condition of total continuous engulfment of a member or assembly in the luminous flame (fire plume) area of a large free-burning fluid hydrocarbon pool fire. The standard fire exposure is basically defined in terms of the total flux incident on the test specimen together with appropriate temperature conditions.
5.1.2 It is recognized that the thermodynamic properties of free-burning, hydrocarbon fluid pool fires have not been completely characterized and are variable depending on the conditions, the physical relationship of the structural member to the exposing fire, and other factors. As a result, the exposure specified in these test methods is not necessarily representative of all the conditions that exist in large hydrocarbon pool fires. The specified standard exposure is based upon the best available information and testing technology. It provides a basis for comparing the relative performance of different assemblies under controlled conditions.
5.1.3 It is feasible that substantial changes in the fire performance characteristics of the assembly will result from any variation from the construction or conditions (that is, size, method of assembly, and materials) that are tested.
The structural assemblies that will be evaluated in accordance with these test methods will be located on a ship.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods described in this fire-test response standard are used for determining the fire-test response of insulated marine steel bulkheads and decks. The insulation is either homogeneous or composite construction.
1.2 It is the intent that tests conducted in accordance with these test methods will indicate whether bulkheads and decks will continue to perform their intended function during the period of fire exposure. These test methods shall not be construed as implying suitability for use after fire exposure.
1.3 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the relative performance of different bulkhead and deck assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions. The application of these test results to predict the performance of actual assemblies when exposed to large pool fires requires a careful engineering evaluation.
1.4 Limitations - These test methods do not provide the following:
1.4.1 Full information on the performance of assemblies constructed with components or of dimensions other than those tested.
1.4.2 An evaluation of the degree to which the assembly contributes to the fire hazard through the generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.
1.4.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test assembly.
1.4.4 The erosive effect that the velocities or turbulence, or both, generated in large pool fires has on some fire protection materials.
1.4.5 Full information on the performance of assemblies at times less than 5 min because the rise time called out in Section is longer than that of a real fire.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for approximate information only.
1.6 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.7 This test method is based on the fire exposure as defined in Test Methods E 1529 (issued by the Committee on Fire Standards, E05).
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user o...
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Designation: F2133 − 01(Reapproved 2007) An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Determining Effects of Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fires on
Insulated Marine Bulkheads and Decks, Constructed of
Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for approximate
1.1 These test methods described in this fire-test response
information only.
standard are used for determining the fire-test response of
1.6 This standard measures and describes the response of
insulated marine steel bulkheads and decks. The insulation is
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
either homogeneous or composite construction.
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
1.2 It is the intent that tests conducted in accordance with
factors required for fire hazard or fire-risk assessment of the
these test methods will indicate whether bulkheads and decks
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
will continue to perform their intended function during the
1.7 Thistestmethodisbasedonthefireexposureasdefined
period of fire exposure. These test methods shall not be
in Test Methods E1529 (issued by the Committee on Fire
construed as implying suitability for use after fire exposure.
Standards, E05).
1.3 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
for comparing the relative performance of different bulkhead
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and deck assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
The application of these test results to predict the performance
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of actual assemblies when exposed to large pool fires requires
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a careful engineering evaluation.
2. Referenced Documents
1.4 Limitations—These test methods do not provide the
following:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4.1 Full information on the performance of assemblies
E119Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
constructedwithcomponentsorofdimensionsotherthanthose
and Materials
tested.
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
1.4.2 An evaluation of the degree to which the assembly E511TestMethodforMeasuringHeatFluxUsingaCopper-
Constantan Circular Foil, Heat-Flux Transducer
contributes to the fire hazard through the generation of smoke,
toxic gases, or other products of combustion. E1529Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Hy-
drocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and Assem-
1.4.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the
blies
test assembly.
1.4.4 The erosive effect that the velocities or turbulence, or
3. Terminology
both, generated in large pool fires has on some fire protection
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to These Test Methods
materials.
—Refer to Terminology E176 for definitions of terms associ-
1.4.5 Full information on the performance of assemblies at
ated with fire issues used in these test methods.
timeslessthan5minbecausetherisetimecalledoutinSection
6 is longer than that of a real fire.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 The fire environment within the furnace shall develop a
2 2
total heat flux of 204 6 16 kW/m (65000 6 5000 Btu/ft -h)
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on
Ships and Marine Technology and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F25.02 on Insulation/Processes. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F2133-01. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F2133-01R07. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2133 − 01 (2007)
and an average temperature of 1093 6 111°C (2000 6 200°F) 5.2 The structural assemblies that will be evaluated in
within 5 min from the start of the test. The fire environment accordance with these test methods will be located on a ship.
shall be controlled by reproducing the furnace temperatures
recorded during the furnace calibration method specified in 6. Furnace Control
Section7.Thistemperatureshallbemaintainedthroughoutthe
6.1 The fire environment within the furnace shall develop a
remainder of the fire test as shown in Fig. 1.
2 2
total heat flux of 204 6 16 kW/m (65 000 6 5 000 Btu/ft -h)
4.2 Performance is defined as the time period during which
and an average temperature of 1093 6 111°C (2000 6 200°F)
bulkheads and decks will continue to perform their intended
within 5 min from the start of the test. The fire environment
function when subjected to fire exposure. The results are
shall be controlled by reproducing the furnace temperatures
reportedintermsoftimeincrementssuchas15,30,60,90,and
recorded during the furnace calibration method specified in
120 min.
Section7.Thistemperatureshallbemaintainedthroughoutthe
remainder of the fire test as shown in Fig. 1.
5. Significance and Use
6.2 The furnace shall be controlled to maintain the area
5.1 These test methods are intended to provide a basis for
under the time-temperature curve to within 10% of the
evaluating the time period during which bulkheads and decks
corresponding area under the standard time-temperature curve
will continue to perform its intended function when subjected
shown in Fig. 1 for fire tests of 60-min or less duration; to
to a controlled, standardized fire exposure.
within 7.5% for test longer than 60 min but not longer than
5.1.1 In particular, the selected standard exposure condition
120 min: and to within 5% for tests exceeding 120 min in
simulates the condition of total continuous engulfment of a
duration. The area under the time-temperature curve shall be
memberorassemblyintheluminousflame(fireplume)areaof
obtained by averaging the results of thermocouple readings.
a large free-burning fluid hydrocarbon pool fire. The standard
fire exposure is basically defined in terms of the total flux
6.3 Acorrection will be applied for variation of the furnace
incident on the test specimen together with appropriate tem-
exposure from the prescribed, where such variation will affect
perature conditions.
thetestresults,bymultiplyingtheindicatedtimeperiodbytwo
5.1.2 It is recognized that the thermodynamic properties of
thirds of the value obtained by dividing the difference in area
free-burning, hydrocarbon fluid pool fires have not been
between the curve of average furnace temperature and the
completely characterized and are variable depending on the
standard curve for the first three fourths of the period by the
conditions, the physical relationship of the structural member
area between the standard curve above a baseline of 20°C
totheexposingfire,andotherfactors.Asaresult,theexposure
(68°F) for the same part of the indicated period during the first
specifiedinthesetestmethodsisnotnecessarilyrepresentative
part of the test. For fire exposure times longer than standard, it
of all the conditions that exist in large hydrocarbon pool fires.
is feasible that the indicated rating period will be increased by
The specified standard exposure is based upon the best
the amount of the correction, and for fire exposure times less
available information and testing technology. It provides a
than standard, the indicated rating period may be similarly
basis for comparing the relative performance of different
decreased. The correction will be expressed by the following
assemblies under controlled conditions.
formula:
5.1.3 It is feasible that substantial changes in the fire
2I ~A 2 A !
s
performance characteristics of the assembly will result from
C 5 (1)
3 A
~ !
s
any variation from the construction or conditions (that is, size,
method of assembly, and materials) that are tested. where:
FIG. 1 Time-Temperature Curve
F2133 − 01 (2007)
C = correction in the same units as I,
I = indicated fire-resistance period,
A = area under the curve of indicated average furnace
temperature for the first three fourths of the indicated
period, and
A = area under the standard furnace curve for the same part
s
of the indicated period.
6.4 The temperature fixed by the furnace calibration (see
Section 7) shall be the average temperature obtained from the
readings of five thermocouples symmetrically disposed and
distributedwithinthetestfurnacetoshowthetemperaturenear
all parts of the assembly.
6.5 The thermocouples shall be fabricated by fusion-
welding the twisted ends of (0.064-in.) diameter (No. 14 B &
S gage) chromel-alumel wires having a time constant of 2 min
or less, and mounting the wires in porcelain insulators. The
NOTE 1— • denotes site of heat flux measurement, X a gas temperature
thermocouple assembly shall be inserted through a standard sensor.
NOTE 2—Arrow denotes viewing direction of heat flux sensor.
weight,nominal13-mm( ⁄2-in.)iron,steel,orinconelpipe,and
NOTE 3—All dimensions are in mm.
the end of the pipe from which the welded junction protrudes
NOTE4—Calibrationassemblyistobefabricatedfromnoncombustible
istobeopen.Thethermocouplejunctionshallprotrude13mm
materials.
( ⁄2 in.) from the open end of the pipe.
FIG. 2 Calibration Assembly for Fire-Containment Walls
6.6 The junction of the thermocouples shall be placed 102
mm (4 in.) away from the exposed face of the test specimen
1 2
and located at the ⁄3 and ⁄3 heights of the test specimen.
6.7 Each thermocouple within the furnace shall be recorded 1093 6111°C(2000 6200°F)andindividualtemperaturesare
at intervals not exceeding 1 min. tobe1093 6219°C(2000 6400°F)5minafterthestartofthe
test and until the end of the test.
7. Calibration of Furnace
7.10 The average furnace temperature curve shall be repro-
7.1 Afurnacecalibrationrecordshallbemaintainedandthe
duced to maintain the furnace control described in Furnace
furnaceshallberecalibratedaftercompletionofanyrepairthat Control, Section 6.
could alter the heat generation, retention, or flow characteris-
7.11 Arecordofthetemperaturesmeasurednearthefaceof
tics of the furnace.
thewallandtheoxygencontentshallberetainedbythetesting
7.2 The temperature of the furnace shall be measured by
laboratory on file for a period of ten years.
five thermocouples. They shall be located as shown in Fig. 2.
8. Furnace Pressure
7.3 The measured values of all thermocouples and calorim-
eters shall be recorded at intervals not exceeding 1 min.
8.1 A linear pressure gradient exists over the height of
furnace, and although the gradient will vary slightly as a
7.4 Thethermocouplesusedtomeasurethetemperatureson
function of the furnace temperature, a mean value of 8 Pa/m
the face of the calibration wall shall be No. 28 gage, Type K
inconel sheathed thermocouples having a time constant of 0.5 height shall be assumed in assessing the furnace pressure
conditions. The value of the furnace pressure shall be the
s or less. The thermocouple junction shall be located 6.3 mm
nominal mean value, disregarding rapid fluctuation of pressure
( ⁄4 in.) from the face of the calibration wall.
outside the furnace at the same height. It shall be monitored
7.5 The thermocouples used to measure the temperatures
andcontrolledcontinuouslyandby5minfromthecommence-
within the furnace shall be constructed as described in 6.5.
ment of the test shall be achieved within 63 Pa, see Fig. 4 for
7.6 The calorimeters shall have a minimum range from 315
design of the T-shaped sensor.
2 2
kW/m (100 000 Btu/ft -h) and a 180° view angle. They shall
8.2 For vertically orientated specimens, the furnace should
be located as shown in Fig. 2.
be operated such that a pressure of zero is established at a
7.7 The fire environment during the calibration test shall
height of 500 mm above the notional floor level to the test
comply with the requirements of 6.1. The length of the
specimen.However,forspecimenswithaheightgreaterthan3
calibration test shall be 60 min.
m, the pressure at the top of the test specimen shall not be
greater than 20 Pa, and the height of the neutral pressure axis
7.8 Individual total heat flux measurements shall lie within
shall be adjusted accordingly.
the limits shown in Fig. 3.
7.9 Theaveragefurnacetemperatureshallbedeterminedby 8.3 For horizontally orientated specimens, the furnace shall
averagingthetemperaturesrecordedbythefivethermocouples be operated such that a pressure of 20 Pa is established at a
placed102mm(4in.)fromthespecimen.Theaverageshallbe position 100 mm below the underside of the specimen.
F2133 − 01 (2007)
FIG. 3 Time-Total Heat Flux Curve
FIG. 4 T-Shaped Sensor
9. Test Specimen 9.2 Decks:
9.2.1 Dimensions:
9.1 Bulkheads:
9.1.1 Dimensions: 9.2.1.1 The minimum overall dimensions for the test speci-
9.1.1.1 The minimum overall dimensions for the test speci-
men including the perimeter details at all edges are 2440 mm
men including the perimeter details at the top, bottom, and
in width and 3040 mm in length.
vertical edges, are 2440-mm width and 2500-mm height.
9.2.1.2 The overall dimensions of the structural core shall
9.1.1.2 The overall dimensions of the structural core shall
be 20 mm less in both the width and length than the overall
be20mmlessinboththewidthandtheheightthantheoverall
dimensions of the specimen, and the other dimensions of the
dimensions of the specimen, and the other dimensions of the
structural core shall be as follows:
structural core shall be as follows:
Thickness of plating: steel 4.5 ± 0.5 mm
Thickness of plating: steel 4.5 ± 0.5 mm Stiffeners spaced: steel at 600 mm 100±5×70±5×8±1mm
Stiffeners spaced: steel at 600 mm 65±5×65±5×6±1mm
9.2.1.3 Thewidthofthestructuralcoreshallbegreaterthan
9.1.1.3 Thewidthofthestructuralcoreshallbegreaterthan
the specified dimensions providing that the additional width is
the specified dimensions providing that the additional width is
in increments of 600 mm to maintain the stiffener center and
in increments of 600 mm to maintain the stiffener centers and
the relationship between the stiffeners and the perimeter detail.
the relationship between the stiffeners and the perimeter detail.
9.2.1.4 Anyjointsintheplatingshallbef
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