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ASTM B945-06(2014)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Aluminum Alloy Extrusions Press Cooled from an Elevated Temperature Shaping Process for Production of T1, T2, T5 and T10–Type Tempers

Standard Practice for Aluminum Alloy Extrusions Press Cooled from an Elevated Temperature Shaping Process for Production of T1, T2, T5 and T10–Type Tempers

ABSTRACT
This practice establishes the controls necessary for production of extrusions cooled from an elevated temperature shaping (extrusion) process for the production of T1, T2, T5 and T10�type tempers. The equipment shall be used for billet preheating, extruding and quenching. Quenching methods may consist of, but are not limited to, air, water or water/glycol mixture in forced air, water spray, fog or mist, standing wave, a quench tank or another pressurized water device, or a combination thereof. Surveillance tests should include tensile properties for all material and metallographic examination to confirm that the elevated temperature shaping process has not resulted in eutectic melting or subsurface porosity from hydrogen diffusion. Specimens shall be sectioned in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the extrusion, polished to an appropriate fineness, mildly etched with an etchant such as Keller�s reagent to reveal any evidence of eutectic melting. Specimens shall also be subjected to tension and hardness tests. During the extrusion process, the following temperature measuring points should be monitored and controlled as per the producer�s internal procedures. The measuring points include but are not limited to: billet or log temperature in the heating equipment, billet or log temperature after heating and before charging into the extrusion press, temperature of the extrudate at the press exit, temperature of the extrudate at quench entry, temperature of the extrudate at the completion of quench, and billet temperature shall not exceed the maximum temperature for the alloy. Artificial aging shall be accomplished using times and temperatures as necessary to achieve required properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the controls necessary for production of extrusions cooled from an elevated temperature shaping (extrusion) process for the production of T1, T2, T5 and T10–type tempers (see ANSI H35.1).  
1.2 This practice is for production of extruded product supplied in the alloys shown in Table 1 in the T1, T2, T5 or T10–type tempers. It contains pertinent information to be used in establishing production practices and is descriptive rather than prescriptive. (A) These upper limit temperatures avoid the possibility of eutectic melting due to overheating, and include a safety factor of approximately 25°F.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2014
ICS
77.120.10 - Aluminium and aluminium alloys
Technical Committee
B07 - Light Metals and Alloys
Drafting Committee
B07.03 - Aluminum Alloy Wrought Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM B945-06(2014) - Standard Practice for Aluminum Alloy Extrusions Press Cooled from an Elevated Temperature Shaping Process for Production of T1, T2, T5 and T10–Type TempersASTM B945-06(2014) - Standard Practice for Aluminum Alloy Extrusions Press Cooled from an Elevated Temperature Shaping Process for Production of T1, T2, T5 and T10–Type Tempers
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ASTM B945-06(2014) - Standard Practice for Aluminum Alloy Extrusions Press Cooled from an Elevated Temperature Shaping Process for Production of T1, T2, T5 and T10–Type Tempers
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REDLINE ASTM B945-06(2014) - Standard Practice for Aluminum Alloy Extrusions Press Cooled from an Elevated Temperature Shaping Process for Production of T1, T2, T5 and T10–Type TempersREDLINE ASTM B945-06(2014) - Standard Practice for Aluminum Alloy Extrusions Press Cooled from an Elevated Temperature Shaping Process for Production of T1, T2, T5 and T10–Type Tempers
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REDLINE ASTM B945-06(2014) - Standard Practice for Aluminum Alloy Extrusions Press Cooled from an Elevated Temperature Shaping Process for Production of T1, T2, T5 and T10–Type Tempers
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B945 − 06 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Practice for
Aluminum Alloy Extrusions Press Cooled from an Elevated
Temperature Shaping Process for Production of T1, T2, T5
1
and T10–Type Tempers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B945; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
1.1 This practice establishes the controls necessary for
terials
production of extrusions cooled from an elevated temperature
E2281Practice for Process and Measurement Capability
shaping (extrusion) process for the production of T1, T2, T5
Indices
and T10–type tempers (see ANSI H35.1).
2.3 ANSI Standard:
1.2 This practice is for production of extruded product
H35.1Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Alumi-
supplied in the alloys shown in Table 1 in the T1, T2, T5 or
3
num
T10–type tempers. It contains pertinent information to be used
in establishing production practices and is descriptive rather
3. Terminology
than prescriptive.
3.1 Definitions—RefertoTerminologyB881forDefinitions
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of Product terms used in this specification.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Equipment
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
NOTE 1—Equipment includes billet preheating, extruding and quench-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. ing.
4.1 Priortobeingextruded,aluminumalloysareheatedtoa
2. Referenced Documents
temperature not to exceed the temperatures shown in Table 1.
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the
Usual heating methods include, but are not limited to,
date of material purchase form a part of this standard to the
induction, flame impingement, or forced air. Controls shall be
extent referenced herein:
adequate to ensure that the equipment can be operated in a
2
2.2 ASTM Standards: manner which precludes metal overheating or deleterious
B557Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast contamination of the metal by the furnace environment.
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products 4.1.1 Temperature control and recording devices used to
B647Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Aluminum measure temperature shall be calibrated as specified in 5.2.
Alloys by Means of a Webster Hardness Gage
4.2 Quenching—Quenchingmethodsmayconsistof,butare
E648Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-
not limited to, air, water or water/glycol mixture in forced air,
Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
water spray, fog or mist, standing wave, a quench tank or
B881Terminology Relating toAluminum- and Magnesium-
another pressurized water device, or a combination thereof.
Alloy Products
The quench equipment shall be used in a manner such that the
B918Practice for Heat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum
quench parameters can be controlled and recorded.
Alloys
5. Quality Assurance, Calibration and Testing
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light
5.1 Process Documentation:
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 on
5.1.1 Extrusion thermal practices shall be established,
Aluminum Alloy Wrought Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally documented, controlled and monitored so that shipped product
approved in 1925. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B945–06.DOI:
meets order requirements.
10.1520/B0945-06R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from theAluminumAssociation, Inc., 1525Wilson Blvd.,Arlington,
the ASTM website. VA 22209, www.aluminum.org
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B945 − 06 (2014)
A
TABLE 1 Extrusion Billet or Log Temperature High Limit
5.4.1.2 Frequency of Tests—Material property tests shall be
Billet or Log
carriedoutatthefrequencyrequiredbytheapplicablematerial
Alloy Temperature
specification.When no material specification is applicable, the
Upper °F
numberofsamplestestedshallbenotlessthanoneper1000lb
6005, 6005A, 6105, 6061, 6162, 6351 1050
ofproductweighinglessthan1lbperftornotlessthanoneper
6060, 6063, 6101, 6463, 6560 1060
7005, 7116,
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B945 − 06 B945 − 06 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Practice for
Aluminum Alloy Extrusions Press Cooled from an Elevated
Temperature Shaping Process for Production of T1, T2, T5
1
and T10–Type Tempers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B945; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice establishes the controls necessary for production of extrusions cooled from an elevated temperature shaping
(extrusion) process for the production of T1, T2, T5 and T10–type tempers (see ANSI H35.1).
1.2 This practice is for production of extruded product supplied in the alloys shown in Table 1 in the T1, T2, T5 or T10–type
tempers. It contains pertinent information to be used in establishing production practices and is descriptive rather than prescriptive.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the date of material purchase form a part of this standard to the extent
referenced herein:
2
2.2 ASTM Standards:
B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B647 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Aluminum Alloys by Means of a Webster Hardness Gage
E648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
B881 Terminology Relating to Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B918 Practice for Heat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E2281 Practice for Process and Measurement Capability Indices
2.3 ANSI Standard:
3
H35.1 Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Aluminum
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology B881 for Definitions of Product terms used in this specification.
4. Equipment
NOTE 1—Equipment includes billet preheating, extruding and quenching.
4.1 Prior to being extruded, aluminum alloys are heated to a temperature not to exceed the temperatures shown in Table 1. Usual
heating methods include, but are not limited to, induction, flame impingement, or forced air. Controls shall be adequate to ensure
that the equipment can be operated in a manner which precludes metal overheating or deleterious contamination of the metal by
the furnace environment.
4.1.1 Temperature control and recording devices used to measure temperature shall be calibrated as specified in 5.2.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 on Aluminum Alloy
Wrought Products.
Current edition approved May 15, 2006Nov. 1, 2014. Published May 2006November 2014. DOI: 10.1520/B0945-06.Originally approved in 1925. Last previous edition
approved in 2006 as B945 – 06. DOI: 10.1520/B0945-06R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from the Aluminum Association, Inc., 1525 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22209, www.aluminum.org
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B945 − 06 (2014)
A
TABLE 1 Extrusion Billet or Log Temperature High Limit
Billet or Log
Alloy Temperature
Upper °F
6005, 6005A, 6105, 6061, 6162, 6351 1050
6060, 6063, 6101, 6463, 6560 1060
7005, 7116, 7129 1000
A
These upper limit temperatures avoid the possibility of eutectic melting due to
overheating, and include a safety factor of approximately 25°F.
4.2 Quenching—Quenching methods may consist of, but are not limited to, air, water or water/glycol mixture in forced air, water
spray, fog or mist, standing wave, a quench tank or another pressurized water device, or a combination thereof. The quench
equipment shall be used in a manner such that the quench parameters can be controll
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents requirements for hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of aluminum alloy castings. HIPing is a process in which components are subjected to the simultaneous application of heat and high pressure in an inert gas medium. The process is to be used for the reduction of internal (non-surface connected) porosity. The document is to describe the general parameters of the HIP process, describe certification procedures and a description that the process has been followed. It is not intended to be a description of a heat treating procedure. This is not meant to supersede an end user’s specification where one exists.2  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    4 pages
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ASTM
ASTM B921-08(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Non-hexavalent Chromium Conversion Coatings on Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements relating to rinsed and non-rinsed non-hexavalent chromium conversion coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys intended to retard corrosion; as a base for organic films including paints, plastics, and adhesives; and as.a protective coating having a low electrical contact impedance. Coatings are categorized into four classes according to corrosion protection and finish. The type of conversion coating depends on the composition of the solution and may also be affected by pH, temperature, duration of the treatment, and the nature and surface condition. Films are normally applied by dipping, but may also be applied by inundation, spraying, roller coating, or by wipe-on techniques. Coatings shall adhere to specified electrical resistance, adhesion, and corrosion resistance requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements relating to rinsed and non-rinsed non-hexavalent chromium conversion coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys intended to give protection against corrosion and as a base for other coatings.  
1.2 Aluminum and aluminum alloys are conversion coated in order to retard corrosion; as a base for organic films including paints, plastics, and adhesives; and as a protective coating having a low electrical contact impedance.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM B648-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Aluminum Alloys by Means of a Barcol Impressor

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Barcol Impressor is portable and therefore useful for in situ determination of the hardness of fabricated parts and individual test specimens for production control purposes.  
4.2 This test method should be used only as cited in applicable material specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of indentation hardness of aluminum alloys using a Barcol Impressor.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Some Barcol Impressors are for use on plastics and are not included in this test method and should not be used for aluminum alloys.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
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  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off