ASTM D5501-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Fuel ethanol is required to be denatured with gasoline in accordance with Specification D 4806. State and federal laws specify the concentration of ethanol in gasoline blends. The determination of the amount of denaturant is important to ensure the blended fuel complies with federal and state laws. This test method provides a method of determining the percentage of ethanol (purity) of the fuel ethanol that is blended into gasoline.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ethanol content of denatured fuel ethanol by gas chromatography.
1.2 Ethanol is determined from 93 to 97 mass % and methanol is determined from 0.01 to 0.6 mass %. Equations used to convert these individual alcohols from mass % to volume % are provided.
1.3 This test method does identify and quantify methanol but does not purport to identify all individual components that make up the denaturant.
1.4 Water cannot be determined by this test method and shall be measured by a procedure such as Test Method D 1364 and the result used to correct the chromatographic values.
1.5 This test method is inappropriate for impurities that boil at temperatures higher than 225°C or for impurities that cause poor or no response in a flame ionization detector, such as water.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5501 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Determination of Ethanol Content of Denatured Fuel Ethanol
1
by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5501; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D1364 Test Method for Water in Volatile Solvents (Karl
Fischer Reagent Titration Method)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ethanol
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
content of denatured fuel ethanol by gas chromatography.
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1.2 Ethanol is determined from 93 to 97 mass % and
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
methanol is determined from 0.01 to 0.6 mass %. Equations
Petroleum Products
used to convert these individual alcohols from mass % to
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
volume % are provided.
Analytical Standards
1.3 This test method does identify and quantify methanol D4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic
Response Factors
but does not purport to identify all individual components that
make up the denaturant. D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-
ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition
1.4 Water cannot be determined by this test method and
Engine Fuel
shall be measured by a procedure such as Test Method D1364
E355 Practice for Gas ChromatographyTerms and Relation-
and the result used to correct the chromatographic values.
ships
1.5 This test method is inappropriate for impurities that boil
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used
at temperatures higher than 225°C or for impurities that cause
in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
poor or no response in a flame ionization detector, such as
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-
water.
metric Karl Fischer Titration
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Definitions—This test method makes reference to many
standard.
common gas chromatographic procedures, terms, and relation-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ships. Detailed definitions can be found in Practices E355 and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E594.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 A representative aliquot of the fuel ethanol sample is
introduced into a gas chromatograph equipped with a polydim-
2. Referenced Documents
ethylsiloxane bonded phase capillary column. Helium carrier
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
gas transports the vaporized aliquot through the column where
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
the components are separated by the chromatographic process.
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
Components are sensed by a flame ionization detector as they
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
elute from the column. The detector signal is processed by an
electronic data acquisition system. The ethanol and methanol
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
componentsareidentifiedbycomparingtheirretentiontimesto
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
the ones identified by analyzing standards under identical
D02.04.0L on Hydrocarbon Analysis.
conditions. The concentrations of all components are deter-
Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5501–04. DOI: mined in mass percent area by normalization of the peak areas.
10.1520/D5501-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 Fuel ethanol is required to be denatured with gasoline in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. accordance with Specification D4806. State and federal laws
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5501 − 09
specify the concentration of ethanol in gasoline blends. The 6.4.2 Normalized percent calculation based on peak area
determination of the amount of denaturant is important
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D5501–04 Designation:D5501–09
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Ethanol Content of Denatured Fuel Ethanol
1
by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5501; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ethanol content of denatured fuel ethanol by gas chromatography.
1.2 Ethanolisdeterminedfrom93to97mass%andmethanolisdeterminedfrom0.01to0.6mass%.Equationsusedtoconvert
these individual alcohols from mass % to volume % are provided.
1.3 This test method does identify and quantify methanol but does not purport to identify all individual components that make
up the denaturant.
1.4 Water cannot be determined by this test method and shall be measured by a procedure such as Test Method D 1364 and the
result used to correct the chromatographic values.
1.5 This test method is inappropriate for impurities that boil at temperatures higher than 225°C or for impurities that cause poor
or no response in a flame ionization detector, such as water.
1.6The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are provided for information
purposes only.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1298 TestMethodforDensity,RelativeDensity(SpecificGravity),orAPIGravityofCrudePetroleumandLiquidPetroleum
Products by Hydrometer Method
D 1364 Test Method for Water in Volatile Solvents (Karl Fischer Reagent Titration Method)
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D 4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
D 4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
Fuel
E 355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
E 594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
E 1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—This test method makes reference to many common gas chromatographic procedures, terms, and relationships.
Detailed definitions can be found in Practices E 355 and E594 and E 594.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A representative aliquot of the fuel ethanol sample is introduced into a gas chromatograph equipped with a polydimeth-
ylsiloxane bonded phase capillary column. Helium carrier gas transports the vaporized aliquot through the column where the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0L
on Hydrocarbon Analysis.
´1
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D5501–94(1998) .
Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 5501–04.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5501–09
components are separated by the chromatographic process. Components are sensed by a flame ionization detector as they elute
from the column.The detector signal is processed by an electronic data acquisition system.The ethanol and meth
...
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