ASTM D8049-16a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels by Direct Imaging Particle Analyzer
Standard Test Method for Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels by Direct Imaging Particle Analyzer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field for evaluating the cleanliness of fuels identified in the scope.
5.2 Detection of particles and water can indicate degradation of the fuel condition. Particles, whether inorganic or organic, can cause fouling of fuel filters and damage pumps, injectors, and pistons. Knowledge of particle size in relation to metallurgy can provide vital information, especially if the hardness of the solid particles are known from other sources.
Note 3: The method includes the detection of water, solids, and air bubbles. The air bubbles are screened out of the data prior to analysis of results, based on shape and transparency, and are not reported in the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging particle analyzer (DIPA) to count and measure the size and shape of dispersed solid particles and water droplets in light and middle distillate fuels in the overall range from 4 μm to 100 μm and in size bands of ≥4 μm, ≥6 μm, and ≥14 μm.
Note 1: Particle size data from 0.7 μm through 300 μm is available for use or reporting if deemed helpful.
Note 2: Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8049 − 16a
Standard Test Method for
Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of
Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate
1
Fuels by Direct Imaging Particle Analyzer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope* 2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 12103-1 Road Vehicles—Test Contaminants for Filter
1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging particle analyzer
Evaluation—Part 1: Arizona Test Dust
(DIPA) to count and measure the size and shape of dispersed
ISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid Power—Calibration of Auto-
solid particles and water droplets in light and middle distillate
matic Particle Counters for Liquids
fuels in the overall range from 4 µm to 100 µm and in size
4
2.3 MIL Standard:
bands of ≥4 µm, ≥6 µm, and ≥14 µm.
MIL-PRF-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base; Aircraft,
NOTE 1—Particle size data from 0.7 µm through 300 µm is available for
Missile and Ordinance
use or reporting if deemed helpful.
NOTE 2—Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and
3. Terminology
is not a reporting requirement.
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Terminology D4175.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 air bubble, n—non-fuel, gaseous formations within
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the fuel, generally spherical in shape and visible as a heavy
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
wall ring due to the diffraction of light around and through
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
them.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2 droplet, n—non-fuel liquid formations within the fuel,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
generally spherical in shape and visible as a thin wall ring due
to the diffraction of light around and through them.
2. Referenced Documents
2 3.2.3 major particle diameter µm, n—the maximum two-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dimensional length of the particle measured
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
3.2.4 minor particle diameter µm, n—the maximum two-
Petroleum Products
dimensional length of the particle measured perpendicular to
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
the major particle diameter.
Fuels, and Lubricants
3.2.5 particle, n—non-liquid, non —gaseous, solid objects
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
in the fuel.
Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
3.2.6 projected equivalent particle diameter µm, n—the
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
diameter calculated from the projected area of a particle if that
area formed a circle, and in equation form is:
Projected Equivalent Particle Diameter == area/0.785
~ !
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3.3 Abbreviations:
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
3.3.1 DIPA—Direct Imaging Particle Analyzer
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016. Published February 2017. Originally
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D8049 – 16. DOI:
10.1520/D8049-16A.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on For referenced MIL standards, visit the Defense Logistics Agency, Document
the ASTM website. Services website at http://quicksearch.dla.mil
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8049 − 16a
4. Summary of Test Method 6.1.3 Tube Manifold Assembly—Consists of a stopper or
threaded cap, which inserts into the top opening in the test
4.1 The optical measurement cell comprises a light source
specimen container to seal it, and has through-holes which
and an optical sensor. The principle of operation is the
accept tubing for venting and tubing for flow of fuel to the
illuminationanddigitalcaptureofactualparticleimageswhich
DI
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8049 − 16 D8049 − 16a
Standard Test Method for
Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of
Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate
1
Fuels by Direct Imaging Particle Analyzer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging particle analyzer (DIPA) to count and measure the size and shape of dispersed solid
particles and water droplets in light and middle distillate fuels in the overall range from 4 μm to 100 μm and in size bands of ≥4 μm,
≥6 μm, and ≥14 μm.
NOTE 1—Particle size data from 0.7 μm through 300 μm is available for use or reporting if deemed helpful.
NOTE 2—Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 12103-1 Road Vehicles—Test Contaminants for Filter Evaluation—Part 1: Arizona Test Dust
ISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid Power—Calibration of Automatic Particle Counters for Liquids
4
2.3 MIL Standard:
MIL-PRF-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base; Aircraft, Missile and Ordinance
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 air bubble, n—non-fuel, gaseous formations within the fuel, generally spherical in shape and visible as a heavy wall ring
due to the diffraction of light around and through them.
3.2.2 droplet, n—non-fuel liquid formations within the fuel, generally spherical in shape and visible as a thin wall ring due to
the diffraction of light around and through them.
3.2.3 major particle diameter μm, n—the maximum two-dimensional length of the particle measured
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved June 1, 2016Dec. 15, 2016. Published July 2016February 2017. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
D8049 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D8049-16.10.1520/D8049-16A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
For referenced MIL standards, visit the Defense Logistics Agency, Document Services website at http://quicksearch.dla.mil
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8049 − 16a
3.2.4 minor particle diameter μm, n—the maximum two-dimensional length of the particle measured perpendicular to the major
particle diameter.
3.2.5 particle, n—non-liquid, non —gaseous, solid objects in the fuel.
3.2.6 projected equivalent particle diameter μm, n—the diameter calculated from the projected area of a particle if that area
formed a circle, and in equation form is:
Projected Equivalent Particle Diameter ==~area/0.785!
3.3 Abbreviations:
3.3.1 DIPA—Direct Imaging Particle Analyzer
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The optical measurement cell comprises a light source and an optical sensor. The
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.