ASTM F513-00(2007)
(Specification)Standard Safety Specification for Eye and Face Protective Equipment for Hockey Players
Standard Safety Specification for Eye and Face Protective Equipment for Hockey Players
SCOPE
1.1 This consumer safety specification covers eye and face protective equipment for hockey players.
1.2 This specification is intended to reduce the demonstrated hazards associated with the sport of ice hockey involving the face including eyes.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F513 – 00 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Safety Specification for
Eye and Face Protective Equipment for Hockey Players
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF513;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Ice hockey is a contact sport with intrinsic hazards. Protective equipment can not eliminate all
injuries, but will substantially reduce their severity and frequency. Participation in this sport by a
playerimpliesacceptanceofsomeinjuryrisk.Thegoalofprotectiveequipmentistominimizetherisk
of injury.
After careful consideration of the mechanisms and forces involved in hockey injuries, this
specification for eye and facial protective equipment has been prepared. A significant reduction of
oculo-facial injuries by the use of facial protective equipment is an expected result.
Performance requirements are presented that are intended to minimize injury with minimal
impairment of the form and appeal of the sport. The committee considers this specification as
preliminary, subject to revision as indicated by subsequent injury statistics.With these goals in mind,
the impact and penetration requirements were determined. It is realized that ocular and facial injuries
will still be possible; however, it was felt that more stringent requirements may interfere with player
performance.
In addition to the use of facial protective equipment conforming to this specification, the following
recommendations are made: (1) A minimal stick blade width of 70 mm (2.8 in.) (per accepted rule
book limits); (2) Modification to rear blade of the ice skate to prevent penetration through wire mesh
masks; (3) Stricter rules against high sticking; and (4) Stricter rules and enforcement against fighting.
All of the requirements of this specification are subject to modification if future statistics demonstrate
significant injuries under game conditions; (5) If full face wire protectors are used for goaltenders, a
throat protector must be affixed.
1. Scope of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
1.1 This consumer safety specification covers eye and face
tions prior to use.
protective equipment for hockey players.
1.2 This specification is intended to reduce the demon-
2. Referenced Documents
strated hazards associated with the sport of ice hockey involv-
2.1 Federal Standards:
ing the face including eyes.
National Institute of Standards and Technology Special
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Publication 374
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Federal Test Methods Standards, No. 46, Method3022
only.
2.2 American National Standards:
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
ANSI Z80.1, 1979, Requirements for First-Quality Pre-
test method portion, Section 7 of this specification: This
scription Opthalmic Lenses
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
ANSI Z80.3, 1977, Requirements for Nonprescription Sun-
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
glasses and Fashion Eyewear
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
EquipmentandFacilitiesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF08.15on
Ice Hockey. Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally Office, Washington, DC 20402.
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F513–00. DOI: Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
10.1520/F0513-00R07. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F513 – 00 (2007)
ANSI Z87.1, 1979, Practice for Occupational and Educa- 3.1.13.3 base-in, adj—relating to the type of prism imbal-
tional Eye and Face Protectors ance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through
a protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance to
3. Terminology converge.
3.1.13.4 base-out, adj—relating to the type of prism imbal-
3.1 Definitions:
ancewhichtendstocauseparallelraysoflightpassingthrough
3.1.1 astigmatism, n—a condition in a lens that creates two
a protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance to
axiallyseparatedlinefociofeachobjectpoint.Thelinesbeing
diverge.
mutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has two
3.1.14 protective device (or protector), n—a device that
different refractive powers in meridians that are 90° apart.
provides protection to the wearer’s eyes against specific
3.1.2 binocular, adj—relating to the field of view which is
hazards encountered in sports.
shared by both eyes simultaneously.
3.1.15 refractive power, n—the focusing effect of a lens
3.1.3 central viewing zone, n—that part of the lens which
expressed in diopters.
has its center in line with the wearer’s line of sight when
3.1.16 resolution (optical), n—the characteristic of a lens
looking straight.The zone is a truncated circle 60 mm (2.4 in.)
that allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be
in diameter centered on the above points. The upper portion is
discerned when looking through the lens.
truncated 20 mm (0.8 in.) above the center line. The center of
3.1.17 spherical power, n—the most positive meridional
thecentralviewingzoneshallbethepointofintersectionofthe
astigmatic power of a lens.
line of sight with the lens as mounted on the Alderson
3.1.18 tint, n—a characteristic of a transparent material that
headform.
allows a specific color to appear dominant and reduces the
3.1.4 eye, n—relating to the eye of a test headform or the
material’s luminous transmittance properties.
eye of a person wearing a protector or that part of an eye
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
protective device through which a wearer’s eye would nor-
3.2.1 cleanable, adj—theabilityofaprotectivedevicetobe
mally look.
made readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged
3.1.5 eye of the headform, n—all structures contained
during an appropriate cleaning process in accordance with the
within the orbital rim of the Alderson fiftieth percentile
manufacturer’s instructions.
headform.
3.2.2 coverage, n—a characteristic of a protective device
3.1.6 haze, n—the fraction of the total transmitted light that obstructs straight line paths that are coincident with the
from a normally incident beam which is not transmitted in a
wearer’s eyes.
focused condition but scattered by inclusions or surface de- 3.2.3 peripheral field, n—the outer limits of vision which,
fects. Excessive haze will reduce contrast and visibility.
as shown in charts of the visual fields, extends to 40° and
above, to 60° below, and to 90° temporally.
3.1.7 impact resistant, adj—the ability of a device to afford
protection from impact as required by this standard.
4. Types of Protectors
3.1.8 interpupillary distance, P.D., n—the distance between
the center of the pupils of the eyes.
4.1 Type 1—A full face protector intended for use by any
3.1.9 lens, n—when so equipped, the transparent part or persons other than goaltenders.
partsofaprotectivedevicethroughwhichthewearernormally 4.2 Type 2—A full face protector intended for use by
sees. persons 10 years of age or younger, other than goaltenders.
3.1.10 luminous transmittance, n—luminous transmittance
5. Performance Requirements
isafunctionofaspectraltransmittanceofthelensweightedby
the corresponding ordinates of the photopic luminous effi-
5.1 Alltestingshallbedonewiththeprotectorsmountedon
ciency distribution of the CIE (1931) standard colormetric
a helmet of a make or model as specified by the protector
observerandbythespectralintensityofstandardilluminant A.
manufacturerandplacedonaheadformidenticalindimensions
(See ANSIZ80.3, 1977, paragraph 2.9.1).
to the Aero Medical Laboratory (AML) headform, as to be
3.1.11 power imbalance, n—a condition that exists when
worn by the consumer (see Table 1).
the refractive power created by the right lens of a protective
5.2 All portions of the protectors, shall be capable of
device is different from that of the left lens.
meeting impact and optical requirements at any temperature
3.1.12 prism, n—the angular deviation of a ray of light as it between 20 and−26°C (68 and−13°F).
passes through a lens resulting from the angle at which the ray 5.3 Optical Requirements, (all protectors):
strikes each surface of the lens and the index of refraction of
the material from which it is made.
TABLE 1 Facially Featured Headforms
3.1.13 prism imbalance:
Material:
3.1.13.1 vertical imbalance, n—the difference in prismatic
Urethane 60–65 (shore A)
Durometer:
deviationbetweenparallellightbeamsincidentonthetwoeyes
Size Hat Size (circ. Prothane Reference
of a protective device in the vertical meridian.
mm) Number
Youth 6 ⁄2 (521) AA-7FF-413-M
3.1.13.2 horizontal imbalance, n—the difference in pris-
Juvenile 6 ⁄8 (550) JJ-7FF-413-M
maticdeviationofincidentparallellightbeamsonthetwoeyes
Adult 7 (559) AD-7FF-413-M
ofaprotectivedeviceinahorizontalmeridian.(SeeSection7.)
F513 – 00 (2007)
5.3.1 Peripheral Field of View—When tested in accordance 5.4.3 Power Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
with7.1.1at20 62°C(68 63.6°F)protectorsshallhavefields 7.2.2 the maximum meridional power imbalance between the
of view equal or exceeding the following:
two eyes for corresponding directions of view shall not exceed
(a) Temporal—90°, 0.25 diopters. These binocular power imbalance specifications
(b) Inferior field—60°, and
eliminate the possibility of stero difficulties due to magnifica-
(c) Superior field—40°
tion differences in corresponding meridional or accommoda-
SeeFig.1,Fig.2,andFig.3forillustrationsoftheseangles.
tive rock problems due to astigmatic differences in opposing
5.4 Optical Requirements (clear shields):
meridians.
5.4.1 Refractive Tolerances—When tested in accordance
5.4.4 Prism—Fortheprimaryviewingpositionofeithereye
with 8.1.3 the meridional power shall be in the range of+0.12
ofashieldorpairoflensesshallnotexceed0.50prismdiopters
to−0.25 diopters.
when tested in accordance with 7.2.5.This would allow safety
5.4.2 Astigmatism—When tested in accordance with 7.2.3
thicknesses of polycarbonate to be used which would promote
the astigmatism shall not exceed 0.25 diopters.
FIG. 1 Peripheral Field of Vision Testing
F513 – 00 (2007)
NOTE 1—Both CRPand CLPare located at the center of the cornea on the respective pupil of the headform and are not located on the surface of the
face protector:
CRP = center of the right pupil,
and
CLP = center of the left pupil.
FIG. 2 Quality Field of Vision
C = midpoint between the centers of the pupils,
90° = laterally from C,
40° = up from C, and
60° = down from C.
FIG. 3 Peripheral Field of Vision
impact strength, while prism imbalance which is more critical 5.4.5 Prism Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
would still be controlled by 5.4.5. 7.2.5 the prism imbalance shall not exceed the following:
F513 – 00 (2007)
determine if the full face protector, or puck contacted the
(a) Vertical and base-in—0.25 prism diopters, and
(b) Base-out—1.00 prism diopters.
headform.Contactwiththeheadformexceptinthehatchedand
cross-hatched areas in Fig. 6 shall constitute a failure. The
5.4.6 Luminous Transmittance—When tested in accordance
toughnesstestfailureconditionsforclearshieldandwiremesh
with7.2.6protectorsshallhavealuminoustransmittanceofnot
face protectors as described in 5.5.2 and 5.5.3 shall also apply.
less than 80% for a clear device and not less than 60% for
5.5.1.1 In all cases, a check shall be made to ensure that
tinted devices. Additionally, the difference in values as would
there is no chipping, cracking or breakage of the full face
be viewed by the two eyes through a single protector as worn
protector or separation of the full face protector from the
shall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured at
helmet. Such damage shall constitute a failure.
the design line of sight) unless specifically prescribed by an
5.5.2 Toughness Test—Failure Conditions (Clear
ophthalmic professional.
Shields)—Aclearshieldshallfailifanyfullthicknesscracksor
5.4.7 Haze—When tested in accordance with 7.2.7 the haze
fractures occur on any specimen as a result of impact.
in the protector shall not exceed 38.
5.5.3 Toughness Test—Failure Conditions (Wire Mesh
5.4.8 Optical Quality—Striae, warpage, or surface ripples
Protectors)—A wire mesh protector shall fail if any weld
within the central viewing zone that are visible under test
completelyseparatesorifanyfractureinthewirebetweenany
conditions of 7.2.8 and that would impair the function of the
two welds occurs on any specimen as a result of impact.
lens shall be cause for rejection. Beyond the central viewing
5.6 Penetration Requirements—When tested in accordance
zone, the protective device shall be free of surface ripples,
with 7.4, the test blade shall not penetrate the face protector so
lenticulations, haze, and other defects that would impair its
astotouchthesurfaceoftheheadformwhenenteredwithinthe
intendedfunctions,norshalltherebeabruptopticalchangesin
perimeter of the face protector.
the area of the protector designed for viewing. These striae
warpages and ripples shall be evaluated by method 7.2.9.
6. Sample Preparation
5.4.9 Surface Imperfections and Internal Defects—Pits,
scratches, grayness, bubbles, cracks, or water marks that are 6.1 Only complete protectors as offered for sale shall be
visibleunderthetestconditionsof7.2.9andthatwouldimpair tested.
the function of the lens shall be cause for rejection. 6.2 Protectors shall be conditioned and tested at the appli-
cabletesttemperaturesandatarelativehumiditynotexceeding
5.5 Impact Requirements—All protectors shall be subjected
toatotalofsiximpactsbyperformingoneimpactoneachone 55% for a minimum period of 4 h prior to test. If no
ofsixspecimens.Thesiximpactsshallbeinthethreelocations conditioning temperature is specified, protectors shall be con-
specified in 7.3. Conditioning of the samples shall be as ditioned at 22.8 6 5°C (73 6 9°F).
specified in 7.3.3.1 for the contact test velocity specified in 6.3 Protectors shall be assembled for the test in accordance
Table 2, and as specified in 7.3.3.2 for the toughness test with instructions provided (see 9.1).
velocity specified
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