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ASTM D5867-12

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Raw Cotton by Cotton Classification Instruments

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Raw Cotton by Cotton Classification Instruments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is accepted for testing of bales of raw cotton in commercial shipments.
This test method describes acceptable practices for testing of raw cotton using cotton classification instruments that are capable of testing the fiber properties of micronaire reading, length, uniformity index, strength, Rd (color), +b (color), percent area (trash) and particle count (trash).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of color, trash content, micronaire, upper half mean length (length), uniformity index and breaking tenacity (strength) of raw cotton for cotton marketing using a cotton classification instrument.
1.2 This test method is applicable to Upland and Extra Long Staple (ELS) raw cotton.
1.3 This test method is applicable to roller and saw ginned raw cottons.
1.4 This test method contains the following sections. Section Color8-11 Trash Content12-15 Micronaire Reading16-19 Upper Half Mean Length (Length) and Uniformity Index20-23 Breaking Tenacity (Strength)24-27
1.5 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2012
ICS
59.060.10 - Natural fibres
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.11 - Cotton Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5867-05 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers by High Volume Instruments
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D7139-20 - Standard Terminology for Cotton Fibers
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D1445/D1445M-12(2021) - Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D1441-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D1776/D1776M-20 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5867 −12
StandardTest Methods for
Measurement of Physical Properties of Raw Cotton by
1
Cotton Classification Instruments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fi-
bers
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of color, trash
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
content, micronaire, upper half mean length (length), unifor-
D2253 Test Method for Color of Raw Cotton Using the
mity index and breaking tenacity (strength) of raw cotton for
3
Nickerson-Hunter Cotton Colorimeter (Withdrawn 1995)
cotton marketing using a cotton classification instrument.
D2495 Test Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-Drying
1.2 This test method is applicable to Upland and Extra Long
D2812 Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton
Staple (ELS) raw cotton.
D3025 Practice for Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Results
1.3 This test method is applicable to roller and saw ginned by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
raw cottons.
Related Properties of Textiles
1.4 This test method contains the following sections.
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
Section
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Color 8-11
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Trash Content 12-15
Micronaire Reading 16-19
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
Upper Half Mean Length (Length) and Uniformity Index 20-23
ASTM Test Methods
Breaking Tenacity (Strength) 24-27
1.5 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to
3. Terminology
be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, refer to D7139.
parentheses are for information only.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
micronaire reading, particle count (trash), percent area (trash),
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Rd (color reflectance) and +b (color yellowness), breaking
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tenacity (strength), uniformity index, upper-half-mean length.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Terminology D123 and Terminology D4848.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Significance and Use—General
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 This test method is accepted for testing of bales of raw
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
cotton in commercial shipments.
D1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
D1445 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
4.2 This test method describes acceptable practices for
Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)
testing of raw cotton using cotton classification instruments
D1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of
that are capable of testing the fiber properties of micronaire
Cotton Fibers by Photoelectric Measurement
reading, length, uniformity index, strength, Rd (color), +b
(color), percent area (trash) and particle count (trash).
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
5. Sampling
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally
5.1 Bale Sample—For a bale sample, takea4oz (100 g)
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5867 – 05. DOI:
subsampleofcottonfromeachoftwooppositesidesofthebale
10.1520/D5867-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5867−12
and combine the two subsamples into a single bale sample 7.6 The calibration materials can be obtained from the
weighing 8 oz (200 g). USDA,AMS,CottonDivision’sStandardizationandEngineer-
ing Branch. The contact information is provided below:
6. Conditioning
USDA, AMS, Cotton Division
Standardization and Engineering Branch
6.1 Condition the cotton samples to the temperature and
3275 Appling Road, Room #5
Memphis, TN 38133 USA
rela
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5867–05 Designation: D5867 – 12
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Physical Properties of Raw Cotton Fibers
1
by High VolumeCotton Classification Instruments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1These test methods cover the color, trash content, micronaire, length, length uniformity, strength and elongation of cotton
fibers using the Spinlab System HVI 900 SA or the Motion Control, Inc. Systems HVI 3500 and HVI 4000 that are a series of
instruments connected to single dedicated programmed computers.
1.2Thesetestmethodsareapplicabletoloosefiberstakenfromraworpartiallyprocessedcottonandsometypesofcottonwaste.
1.3These test methods contain the following sections:
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of color, trash content, micronaire, upper half mean length (length), uniformity
index and breaking tenacity (strength) of raw cotton for cotton marketing using a cotton classification instrument.
1.2 This test method is applicable to Upland and Extra Long Staple (ELS) raw cotton.
1.3 This test method is applicable to roller and saw ginned raw cottons.
1.4 This test method contains the following sections.
Section
Color of Cotton 7-15 Color
Trash Content of Samples of Cotton Fibers 16-24 Trash
Content
Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fibers 25-33 Mi-
cronaire
Reading
Length and Length Uniformity of Cotton Fibers 34-42 Upper
Half Mean
Length
(Length) and
Uniformity
Index
Breaking Tenacity and Elongation of Cotton Fibers 43-51
Precision and Bias 52Breaking
Tenacity
(Strength)
1.4The1.5 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
parentheses are for information only.
1.51.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles D1441
D1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing D1445
D1445 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method) D1447
D1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of Cotton Fibers by Photoelectric Measurement D1448
D1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fibers D1776
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles D2253
D2253 Test Method for Color of Raw Cotton Using the Nickerson-Hunter Cotton Colorimeter
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
Current edition approved MarchJuly 1, 2005.2012. Published April 2005.September 2012. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 19952005 as
D5867 – 905. DOI: 10.1520/D5867-05.10.1520/D5867-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5867 – 12
D28122495 Test Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-Drying
D2812 Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton D3025
D3025 Practice for Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Results by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers Terminology for Cotton Fibers
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, refer to D7139
3.1.1The following terms are relevant to this standard: breaking tenacity, elongation at break, mean length, micronaire reading,
particle count, percent area, span length, Rd and +b, strength, test beard, uniformity index, uniformity ratio, upper-half-mean
length. .
3.1.1 The following
...

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ASTM D2462-22(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D2462 for testing for moisture in wool is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D2462 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative testing to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of the bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are from a lot of the type material in question. The test specimens should be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-Test for unpaired data and an acceptance probability level chosen by the two parties before the test is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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ASTM D1576-22(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D2462 for the determination of the moisture in wool by distillation with toluene is the preferred method for testing wool for moisture for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments. If, however, the purchaser and the supplier agree, Test Method D1576 for the determination of the moisture in wool by oven drying may be used instead. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.  
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1.2 Formulas for calculating the moisture content (as-received basis) and moisture regain (oven-dried basis) are given. It is always important to use the correct term which corresponds to the basis used in the calculation (see 12.2.1).  
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ASTM D1574-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Extractable Matter in Wool and Other Animal Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1574 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1574 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.  
5.2 This test method may be used to estimate the quantity of oil, grease, and waxy materials remaining on or in wool fibers after scouring, or the quantity of lubricant added before carding or remaining after carding, or the quantity of such materials added or removed in subsequent processing operations.  
5.3 The residues obtained in this test may be subjected to chemical analysis for identification and assay of the component materials, if desired.  
5.4 The specified solvent in this test method does not remove some materials, such as soaps, that may be present in wool and hence in some cases may reflect more closely the added content of some extractables in wool such as oils. When such materials are present and an estimate of their quantity is desired, some other solvent or combination of solvents should be used as spec...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of extractable matter in samples of all forms of wool, except grease wool, that is extractable with a non-flammable vapor degreasing and cleaning solvent.  
1.2 This test method does not cover the determination of the amounts of different components in the extracted matter nor their identification.  
1.3 This test method is suitable for use with other animal fibers.  
Note 1: The determination of extractable matter in yarns and in felts is covered in Test Methods D2257 and D461. For the determination of alcohol-extractable matter in oven-dry scoured wool, refer to Test Methods D584 and D1334.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.4 and Note 3.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1294-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength and Breaking Tenacity of Wool Fiber Bundles 1-in. (25.4 mm) Gage Length

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1294 for the determination of tensile strength may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of wool, but caution is advised since technicians may fail to get good agreement between results. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 This test method is useful in studying the relationship between fiber strength and product quality; results should be considered comparative rather than fundamental since the strength found will be lower than the sum of the strengths of the individual fibers present due to slight differences in tensioning.  
5.3 Elongation may be obtained also but the accuracy of elongation measurements is limited and their determination is, therefore, not included as a formal part of this test method.  
5.4 The basic differences between the procedures employed in this test method and those of Test Method D2524 are in the gage lengths employed and the methods of clamping. In Test Method D2524, specific clamps are required whereas in Test Method D1294, any conventional clamps may be used. Results for breaking load determined by Test Method D2524 average 30 % higher than ...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking force (or load) and estimation of the tensile strength and tenacity of wool fiber bundles with a 1-in. (25.4 mm) gage length. A procedure for preparation of the fiber bundle is included.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Because the instrument is calibrated in inch-pound units, inch-pound units are shown first, contrary to Committee D13 policy.  
Note 1: For other methods of measuring breaking tenacity of fiber bundles, refer to Test Methods D1445 and D2524.
Note 2: This test method can be used for other fibers that lend themselves to the same kind of preparation but the difference in density must be taken into account when calculating the tensile strength. It is not necessary to know or correct for the density of a fiber when calculating breaking tenacity.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8394-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Automated Measurement of Maturity, Fineness, Ribbon Width, and Micronaire of Cotton Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Cotton fiber that is on average finer and more mature is more desirable than coarse or immature fiber, although distinction between these qualities cannot be made quickly and accurately using current test methods. Immature fibers break more easily during processing and have a tendency to form into neps (small entanglements) during processing in the spinning mill. These consequences adversely affect yarn and fabric quality and appearance. Yarn and fabric produced from immature fiber is typically also less lustrous and does not take up dye consistently so yarn and fabric appearance may be different after dyeing.  
5.2 Maturity has a high positive correlation with fiber length and strength but genetic differences and differences in fiber wall thickness caused by plant diseases, soil, and water conditions during the growing season interfere with this relationship.  
5.2.1 Fine fibers are required for fine count yarn manufacture and fiber fineness affects yarn count, evenness and strength. Both fineness and ribbon width are strong genetic traits evident between species and affected by growing conditions within species.  
5.2.2 Micronaire has traditionally been used as a measure of fiber fineness although the value actually measures fiber specific surface area or surface area per unit weight. As a result, micronaire varies concomitantly with both maturity and fineness (see Fig. 2). Maturity and fineness are related to micronaire via Lord’s equation.4
FIG. 2 Relationship Between Micronaire (X), Fineness (H), and Maturity (M)  
5.3 Cottonscope values have been judged against fineness, maturity and ribbon width values produced by examination of thousands of individual, magnified fiber cross-sections. Relationships with equivalent values by these and other older test methods are highly significant5,6 particularly if the number of cross-sections analyzed is high (>3000) and the cross-sections are carefully prepared and measured. Cottonscope measures approximately 20,...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of linear density (gravimetric fineness hereafter stated as fineness), maturity, micronaire, and ribbon width of cotton fibers from a loose, chemically untreated sample taken before harvest, during ginning, during mill processing or unraveled from raw (undyed) yarn or fabric.  
1.2 This test method requires the use of an integrated instrument, for example, the Cottonscope (see Fig. 1), that measures the maturity, fineness, ribbon width, and micronaire of cotton fiber.2
FIG. 1 Cottonscope Instrument
Note 1: For another test method to determine the maturity of cotton fibers, refer to Test Method D1442.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6961/D6961M-09(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Color Measurement of Flax Fiber

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Few standards exist to objectively judge flax quality. Color is an important factor in the quality of flax fiber. Natural variations in raw flax fiber, various processing steps, fiber blending, and a wide range of end uses contribute to the need for a standard method of objectively measuring the color of flax fiber. Spectrophotometic data provide an accurate, precise determination of the color of flax fiber. Colorimetric data are obtained through specimen measurement by combining specimen spectral data with data representing a CIE standard observer and a CIE standard illuminant, as described in Practice E308.  
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two (or more) laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental color measurement of flax fiber.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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