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ASTM A6/A6M-12a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling

Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the general requirements that apply to rolled structural steel bars, plates, shapes, and sheet piling. The steel shall be made in an open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-arc furnace followed by additional refining in a ladle metallurgy furnace, or secondary melting by vacuum-arc remelting or electrostag remelting. The steel products shall undergo heat treatment, structural conditioning, and strand casting in stationary molds. Tension testing and chemical analysis shall be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength and elongation, and the required metallurgical structure and composition specifications of the products. Final products shall be legibly marked, bundled, and tagged with the applicable designation, grade, heat number, size and thickness, and name, brand, or trademark of the manufacturer for identification and shipment.
SCOPE
1.1 This general requirements specification2 covers a group of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the applicable product specification, apply to rolled structural steel bars, plates, shapes, and sheet piling covered by each of the following product specifications issued by ASTM:    
ASTM
Designation3  
Title of Specification  
A36/A36M  
Carbon Structural Steel  
A131/A131M  
Structural Steel for Ships  
A242/A242M  
High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel  
A283/A283M  
Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates  
A328/A328M  
Steel Sheet Piling  
A514/A514M  
High-Yield Strength, Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate Suitable for Welding  
A529/A529M  
High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of Structural Quality  
A572/A572M  
High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Steel  
A573/A573M  
Structural Carbon Steel Plates of Improved Toughness  
A588/A588M  
High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi (345 MPa) Minimum Yield Point to 4 in. [100 mm] Thick  
A633/A633M  
Normalized High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates  
A656/A656M  
Hot-Rolled Structural Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Plate with Improved Formability  
A678/A678M  
Quenched-and-Tempered Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates  
A690/A690M  
High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel H-Piles and Sheet Piling for Use in Marine Environments  
A709/A709M  
Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Shapes, Plates, and Bars and Quenched-and-Tempered Alloy Structural Steel Plates for Bridges  
A710/A710M  
Age-Hardening Low-Carbon Nickel-Copper-Chromium-Mo-
lybdenum-Columbium Alloy Structural Steel Plates  
A769/A769M  
Carbon and High-Strength Electric Resistance Welded Steel Structural Shapes  
A786/A786M  
Rolled Steel Floor Plates  
A808/A808M  
High-Strength Low-Alloy Carbon, Manganese, Columbium, Vanadium Steel of Structural Quality with Improved Notch Toughness  
A827/A827M  
Plates, Carbon Steel, for Forging and Similar Applications  
A829/A829M  
Plates, Alloy Steel, Structural Quality  
A830/A830M  
Plates, Carbon Steel, Structural Quality, Furnished to Chemical Composition Requirements  
A852/A852M  
Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate with 70 ksi [485 Mpa] Minimum Yield Strength to 4 in. [100 mm] Thick  
A857/A857M  
Steel Sheet Piling, Cold Formed, Light Gage  
A871/A871M  
High-Strength Low Alloy Structural Steel Plate with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance  
A913/A913M  
Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Shapes of Structural Quality, Produced by Quenching and Self-Tempering Process (QST)  
A945/A945M  
Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate with Low Carbon and Restricted Sulfur for Improved Weldability, Formability, and Toughness  
A950/A950M  
Specification for Fusion Bonded Epoxy-Coated Structural Steel H-Piles and Sheet Piling  
A992/A992M  
Specification for Steel f...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2012
ICS
77.140.60 - Steel bars and rods
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.02 - Structural Steel for Bridges, Buildings, Rolling Stock and Ships
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A6/A6M-12 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Replaced By
ASTM A6/A6M-13 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM A1066/A1066M-22 - Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate Produced by Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Process (TMCP)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM A615/A615M-22 - Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM A36/A36M-19 - Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM A950/A950M-11(2023) - Standard Specification for Fusion-Bonded Epoxy-Coated Structural Steel H-Piles and Sheet Piling
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM A514/A514M-22 - Standard Specification for High-Yield-Strength, Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM A955/A955M-20c - Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Stainless Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM C131/C131M-20 - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM A588/A588M-19 - Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM A572/A572M-21e1 - Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM A1031/A1031M-12(2017) - Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-Thickness Coils, Alloy, Drawing Steel and Structural Steel, Hot-Rolled
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM A265-12(2019) - Standard Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloy-Clad Steel Plate
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM A690/A690M-13a(2018) - Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Nickel, Copper, Phosphorus Steel H-Piles and Sheet Piling with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance for Use in Marine Environments
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM A633/A633M-18 - Standard Specification for Normalized High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012

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ASTM A6/A6M-12a - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet PilingASTM A6/A6M-12a - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
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ASTM A6/A6M-12a - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A6/A6M −12a
StandardSpecification for
General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars,
1
Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A6/A6M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
A830/A830M Plates, Carbon Steel, Structural Quality, Furnished to
Chemical Composition Requirements
2
1.1 This general requirements specification covers a group
A852/A852M Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate
of common requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the with 70 ksi [485 Mpa] Minimum Yield Strength to 4 in.
[100 mm] Thick
applicable product specification, apply to rolled structural steel
A857/A857M Steel Sheet Piling, Cold Formed, Light Gage
bars, plates, shapes, and sheet piling covered by each of the
A871/A871M High-Strength Low Alloy Structural Steel Plate with Atmo-
following product specifications issued by ASTM: spheric Corrosion Resistance
A913/A913M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Shapes of
ASTM
Structural Quality, Produced by Quenching and Self-
Title of Specification
3
Designation
Tempering Process (QST)
A36/A36M Carbon Structural Steel
A945/A945M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel
A131/A131M Structural Steel for Ships
Plate with Low Carbon and Restricted Sulfur for Improved
A242/A242M High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel
Weldability, Formability, and Toughness
A283/A283M Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates
A950/A950M Specification for Fusion Bonded Epoxy-Coated Structural
A328/A328M Steel Sheet Piling
Steel H-Piles and Sheet Piling
A514/A514M High-Yield Strength, Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel
A992/A992M Specification for Steel for Structural Shapes for Use in
Plate Suitable for Welding
Building Framing
A529/A529M High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of Structural Qual-
A1026 Specification for Alloy Steel Structural Shapes for Use in
ity
Building Framing
A572/A572M High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Steel
A1043/A1043M Specification for Structural Steel with Low Yield to Tensile
A573/A573M Structural Carbon Steel Plates of Improved Toughness
Ratio for Use in Buildings
A588/A588M High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi (345
MPa) Minimum Yield Point to 4 in. [100 mm] Thick
1.2 Annex A1 lists permitted variations in dimensions and
A633/A633M Normalized High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates
mass (Note 1) in SI units. The values listed are not exact
A656/A656M Hot-Rolled Structural Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Plate
conversions of the values in Tables 1 to 31 inclusive but are,
with Improved Formability
A678/A678M Quenched-and-Tempered Carbon and High-Strength Low-
instead,roundedorrationalizedvalues.ConformancetoAnnex
Alloy Structural Steel Plates
A1 is mandatory when the “M” specification designation is
A690/A690M High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel H-Piles and Sheet Piling for
used.
Use in Marine Environments
A709/A709M Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel
Shapes, Plates, and Bars and Quenched-and-Tempered
NOTE 1—The term “weight” is used when inch-pound units are the
Alloy Structural Steel Plates for Bridges
standard; however, under SI, the preferred term is “mass.”
A710/A710M Age-Hardening Low-Carbon Nickel-Copper-Chromium-Mo-
lybdenum-Columbium Alloy Structural Steel Plates
1.3 Annex A2 lists the dimensions of some shape profiles.
A769/A769M Carbon and High-Strength Electric Resistance Welded Steel
Structural Shapes
1.4 Appendix X1 provides information on coil as a source
A786/A786M Rolled Steel Floor Plates
of structural products.
A808/A808M High-Strength Low-Alloy Carbon, Manganese, Columbium,
Vanadium Steel of Structural Quality with Improved Notch
1.5 Appendix X2 provides information on the variability of
Toughness
A827/A827M Plates, Carbon Steel, for Forging and Similar Applications tensile properties in plates and structural shapes.
A829/A829M Plates, Alloy Steel, Structural Quality
1.6 Appendix X3 provides information on weldability.
1.7 Appendix X4 provides information on cold bending of
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, plates, including suggested minimum inside radii for cold
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
bending.
A01.02 on Structural Steel for Bridges, Buildings, Rolling Stock and Ships.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally
1.8 This general requirements specification also covers a
a
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot-wrought merchant quality carbon steel bars and bar size shapes produced to mechanical property requirements and intended for noncritical constructional applications. The bars shall be available in round, square and hexagonal shapes. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. The specimens shall undergo a tension test to determine tensile strength, yield point and elongation. The merchant quality bars shall be from visible pipe; however, they may contain pronounced chemical segregation. Internal porosity, surface seams, and other surface irregularities may be present in this quality. The bars shall also be furnished as rolled and not pickled, blast cleaned, or oiled.
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1.1 This specification covers hot-wrought merchant quality carbon steel bars and bar size shapes produced to mechanical property requirements and intended for noncritical constructional applications (see 8.2).  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers stainless steel billets and bars for forging. The steel materials shall be annealed and conditioned by chipping or grinding. The steel specimens shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, nitrogen, and other elements.
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1.1 This specification covers stainless steel billets and bars intended only for forging.  
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ABSTRACT
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SCOPE
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Standard Practice for Steel Bars, Selection Guide, Composition, and Mechanical Properties

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 If the desired mechanical properties are as described in 5.1.1 for material identified as Classes P-1 through P-7, or in 5.1.2 for material identified as Classes Q-1 through Q-7, the strength level desired can be based on hardness or the equivalent tensile or yield strength as shown in Tables 1-4. If the desired mechanical properties are as set forth in 5.1.3 for material identified as Classes R-1 through R-6, the strength level is based on yield strength as shown in Tables 5 and 6.  
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1.2.1 Classes P and Q  should be capable of developing the mechanical properties shown in Tables 1-4 by liquid quenching from a suitable austenitizing temperature, and tempering at 800 °F (427 °C) or higher. A hardness indicated by tests made at a location shown in Fig. 1, A, B, or C, is taken as evidence that a composition is capable of meeting other equivalent mechanical properties shown in the tables. Normal good shop practices are assumed, with control of austenitizing and tempering temperatures, and mild agitation of the part in the quenching bath.
FIG. 1 Locations in Typical Cross Sections of Steel Bars at Which Desired Properties Are Obtained  
1.2.2 Class R  should be capable of developing the mechanical properties shown in Tables 5 and 6 as hot rolled, by cold drawing, or by cold drawing with additional thermal treatment. The locations for obtaining tension tests are described in 7.2.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the general requirements that apply to rolled structural steel bars, plates, shapes, and sheet piling. The steel shall be made in an open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-arc furnace followed by additional refining in a ladle metallurgy furnace, or secondary melting by vacuum-arc remelting or electrostag remelting. The steel products shall undergo heat treatment, structural conditioning, and strand casting in stationary molds. Tension testing and chemical analysis shall be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength and elongation, and the required metallurgical structure and composition specifications of the products. Final products shall be legibly marked, bundled, and tagged with the applicable designation, grade, heat number, size and thickness, and name, brand, or trademark of the manufacturer for identification and shipment.
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Designation3  
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A36/A36M  
Carbon Structural Steel  
A131/A131M  
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A242/A242M  
High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel  
A283/A283M  
Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates  
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A514/A514M  
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A529/A529M  
High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of Structural Quality  
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High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel  
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High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance  
A633/A633M  
Normalized High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates  
A656/A656M  
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A690/A690M  
High-Strength Low-Alloy Nickel, Copper, Phosphorus Steel H-Piles and Sheet Piling with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance for Use in Marine Environments  
A709/A709M  
Structural Steel for Bridges  
A710/A710M  
Precipitation–Strengthened Low-Carbon Nickel-Copper-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium (Niobium) Alloy Structural Steel Plates  
A769/A769M  
Carbon and High-Strength Electric Resistance Forge-Welded Steel Structural Shapes  
A786/A786M  
Hot-Rolled Carbon, Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and Alloy Steel Floor Plates  
A827/A827M  
Plates, Carbon Steel, for Forging and Similar Applications  
A829/A829M  
Alloy Structural Steel Plates  
A830/A830M  
Plates, Carbon Steel, Structural Quality, Furnished to Chemical Composition Requirements  
A857/A857M  
Steel Sheet Piling, Cold Formed, Light Gage  
A871/A871M  
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A913/A913M  
High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Shapes of Structural Quality, Produced by Quenching and Self-Tempering Process (QST)  
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A950/A950M  
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1.2 Annex A1 lists permitted variations in dimensions and mass (Note 1) in SI units. The values listed are not exact conversions of the values in Tables 1 to 31 inclusive but are, instead, r...

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This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished bars except bars for reforging. It includes rounds, squares, and hexagons, and hot-rolled or extruded shapes, such as angles, tees, and channels in the more commonly used types of stainless steels. The bars shall be furnished in one of the following conditions: Condition A in which the bars are annealed, Condition H in which the bars are hardened and tempered at a relative temperature, Condition T in which the bars are hardened and tempered at a relatively high temperature, Condition S in which the bars are strain hardened or relatively light cold worked, and Condition B in which the bars are relatively severe cold worked. The material shall be subjected to a mechanical test to determine its tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and Brinell hardness.
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1.1 This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished bars except bars for reforging (Note 1). It includes rounds, squares, and hexagons, and hot-rolled or extruded shapes, such as angles, tees, and channels in the more commonly used types of stainless steels. The free-machining types (Note 2) for general corrosion resistance and high-temperature service are covered in a separate specification.  
Note 1: For bars for reforging, see Specification A314.
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1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A29/A29M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought

ABSTRACT
This guide covers a group of requirements for carbon and alloy steel bars under each of the following specifications: hot-rolled carbon steel bars, cold-finished carbon steel bars, hot-rolled alloy steel bars, and cold-finished alloy steel bars. Heat and product analysis shall be performed on several grades of carbon steel bars, wherein the material shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur. Several grades of alloy steel bars shall also undergo heat and product analysis and shall meet the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. When compositions other than those indicated in the specified chemical components are required, the composition limits shall be prepared using the specified ranges and limits for carbon steel and alloy steel. The material shall undergo grain size test and shall conform to the specified grain size requirement. Mechanical tests shall also be performed on the steel test specimens.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers a group of common requirements which, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or in an individual specification, shall apply to carbon and alloy steel bars under each of the following ASTM specifications (or under any other ASTM specification which invokes this specification or portions thereof):    
Title of Specification  
ASTM
DesignationA  
Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Bars:  
Steel Bars, Carbon, Quenched and Tempered  
A321    
Steel Bars and Shapes, Carbon Rolled from “T'' Rails  
A499    
Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant Quality, M-Grades  
A575    
Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality  
A576    
Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant Quality, Mechanical Properties  
A663/A663M    
Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties  
A675/A675M    
Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars for Springs  
A689    
Cold-Finished Carbon Steel Bars:  
Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished  
A108    
Cold-Drawn Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to Mechanical Property Requirements  
A311/A311M  
Hot-Rolled Alloy Steel Bars:  
Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades  
A322    
Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject to End-Quench Hardenability Requirements  
A304    
Steel Bars, Alloy, Hot-Wrought or Cold-Finished, Quenched and Tempered  
A434/A434M    
Steel Bars, Alloy, Hot-Wrought, for Elevated Temperature or Pressure-Containing Parts, or Both  
A739    
Cold-Finished Alloy Steel Bars:  
Steel Bars, Alloy, Hot-Rolled or Cold-Finished, Quenched and Tempered  
A434/A434M    
Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought or Cold-Finished, Special Quality, for Pressure Piping Components  
A696    
A These designations refer to the latest issue of the respective specifications, which appear either in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05, or as reprints obtainable from ASTM.  
1.2 In case of any conflict in requirements, the requirements of the purchase order, the individual material specification, and this general specification shall prevail in the sequence named.  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 For purposes of determining conformance to this specification and the various material specifications referenced in 1.1, dimensional values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
Note 1: Specification A29/A29M previously listed dimensional tolerances for cold-finished bars; these are now found in Spe...

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ASTM
ASTM A638/A638M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Precipitation Hardening Iron Base Superalloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished precipitation hardening iron base superalloy bars, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. The mechanical properties of these alloys are developed by suitable solution treating and precipitation hardening treatments. Two grades of iron base alloy are covered; Grade 660 and Grade 662 (bars and forgings). The material shall meet the requirements as to stress rupture properties specified. The material shall conform to the chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot-finished or cold-finished precipitation hardening iron base superalloy bars, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. The mechanical properties of these alloys are developed by suitable solution treating and precipitation hardening treatments.  
1.2 Two grades of iron base alloy are covered. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and elevated temperature characteristics.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A950/A950M-11(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Fusion-Bonded Epoxy-Coated Structural Steel H-Piles and Sheet Piling

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the qualification requirements for structural steel H-piles and sheet piling with protective fusion-bonded epoxy coating applied by electrostatic spraying, flocking, or fluidized bed processing. Surface preparation techniques shall be performed by abrasive blast cleaning, grinding and chemical washing prior to coating application. The powder coating shall be heat treated and cured before visible oxidation occurs. Coating materials shall undergo thickness measurements and bend testing, and shall conform to the requirements for film thickness, flexibility and continuity, impact resistance, chemical composition, and corrosion resistance. The coated H-piles or sheet piling shall be stored off of the ground on supports. While handling equipment, bundling bands for packaging and tie-down bands for shipping shall have padded contact areas so as to avoid damage and excessive deflection.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural steel H-piles and sheet piling with protective fusion-bonded epoxy coating applied by the electrostatic spray, flocking, or fluidized bed process.  
Note 1: The coating applicator is identified throughout this specification as the manufacturer.  
1.2 Requirements for coatings are contained in Annex A1.  
1.3 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A950) or SI units (as Specification A950M). The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A582/A582M-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished bars, except bars for forging, suitable for machining processes. It includes rounds, squares, and hexagons in the more commonly used types of stainless free-machining steels designed especially for optimum machinability and for general corrosion and high-temperature service. Bars may be furnished either hot finished or cold finished in one of the conditions specified. Materials shall adhere to specified chemical composition requirements. At least one hardness testing shall be made midway between surface and center on each lot to determine that the material conforms to hardness requirements. Also, test methods and definition for hardness testing are presented.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished bars, except bars for forging (Note 1), suitable for machining processes. It includes rounds, squares, and hexagons in the more commonly used types of stainless free-machining steels designed especially for optimum machinability and for general corrosion and high-temperature service. Stainless steel bars other than the free-machining types are covered in a separate specification (Note 2).  
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard: within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in [brackets]. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
Note 1: For bars for reforging, see Specification A314.  
Note 2: For non-free machining stainless bars, see Specification A276.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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