ASTM D2709-96(2001)e1

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volume of free water and sediment in middle distillate fuels having viscosities at 40°C (104°F) in the range of 1.0 to 4.1 mm /s (1.0 to 4.1 cSt) and densities in the range of 770 to 900 kg/m .  Note 1-Fuels corresponding to Specification D975 Grades 1D and 2D, Specification D2880 Grades 0-GT, 1-GT and 2-GT, and Specification D3699 Grades 1-K and 2-K will usually fail in this viscosity and density range. Test Method D1796 is intended for higher viscosity fuel oils.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesis are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the application of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2001
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.14 - Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2709-96e2 - Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM D2709-96(2006) - Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
• Effective Date: 01-May-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D8291-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6751-23a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D975-23 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D5966-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4860-22 - Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4174-23 - Standard Practice for Cleaning, Flushing, and Purification of Petroleum Fluid Hydraulic Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D8048-21ae1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-13 Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7422-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6448-16(2022) - Standard Specification for Industrial Burner Fuels from Used Lubricating Oils
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7467-20a - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7484-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7549-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D6681-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
e1
Designation:D2709–96 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Warning notes were placed in the text editorially in June 2001.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthevolume 4.1 A100-mL sample of the undiluted fuel is centrifuged at
of free water and sediment in middle distillate fuels having a relative centrifugal force of 800 for 10 min. at 21 to 32°C (70
viscosities at 40°C (104°F) in the range of 1.0 to 4.1 mm /s to 90°F) in a centrifuge tube readable to 0.005 mL and
(1.0 to 4.1 cSt) and densities in the range of 770 to 900 kg/m . measurable to 0.01 mL. After centrifugation, the volume of
water and sediment which has settled into the tip of the
NOTE 1—Fuels corresponding to Specification D 975 Grades 1D and
centrifuge tube is read to the nearest 0.005 mLand reported as
2D, Specification D 2880 Grades 0-GT, 1-GTand 2-GT, and Specification
the volumetric percent water and sediment by centrifuge.
D 3699 Grades 1-K and 2-K will usually fall in this viscosity and density
range. Test Method D 1796 is intended for higher viscosity fuel oils.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5.1 This test method is used as an indication of water and
as the standard. The values given in parenthesis are for
sediment in middle distillate fuels such as Grades Nos. 1 and 2
information only.
fuel oil, (Specification D 396) Nos. 1-D and 2-D diesel fuel,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all safety
(Specification D 975) and Nos. 0-GT, 1-GT, and 2-GT gas
problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
turbine fuels (Specification D 2880).
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
5.2 Appreciable amounts of water and sediment in a fuel oil
health practices and determine the application of regulatory
tend to cause fouling of the fuel-handling facilities and to give
limitations prior to use.
trouble in the fuel system of a burner or engine. An accumu-
lation of sediment in storage tanks and on filter screens can
2. Referenced Documents
obstruct the flow of oil from the tank to the combustor. Water
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 in middle distillate fuels can cause corrosion of tanks and
D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils
equipment, and if detergent is present, the water can cause
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
emulsions or a hazy appearance. Water is necessary to support
D1796 TestMethodforWaterandSedimentinFuelOilsby
microbiologicalgrowthatfuelwater-interfacesinfuelsystems.
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
6. Apparatus
D 3699 Specification for Kerosine
6.1 Centrifuge, capable of whirling two or more filled
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
centrifuge tubes at a speed which can be controlled to give a
Petroleum Products
relative centrifugal force (rcf) of 800 6 60 at the tip of the
tubes. The revolving head, trunnion rings, and trunnion cups,
3. Terminology
including the cushions, are to be soundly constructed to
3.1 Description of Terms Specific to This Standard:
withstand the maximum centrifugal force capable of being
3.1.1 distillate fuel—a virgin or cracked or blend of virgin
delivered by the power source.The trunnion cups and cushions
and cracked distillate having a flash point greater than 38°C.
shall support the tubes when the centrifuge is in motion. The
centrifuge shall be enclosed by a metal shield or case strong
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on enough to eliminate danger if any breakage occurs.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
6.2 The data in Table 1 can be used to determine the
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
centrifuge speed setting required for the centrifuge to meet
Current edition approved January 10, 1996. Published March 1996. Originally
relative centrifugal force requirements for this method and was
published as D 2709 – 68. Last previous edition D 2709 – 93.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. developed using the following equations:
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
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e1
D2709–96 (2001)
TABLE 1 Rotation Speeds Applicable for Centrifuges
8. Procedure
of Various Diameters of Swing
8.1 Temperature Control—After the sample container and
A
Diameters of Swing
Rpm at 500 Rpm at 800
its contents have equilibrated to laboratory temperature, be-
rcf rcf
in. cm
tween 70 to 90°F (21 to 32°C), agitate the full sample by hand
12 30.5 1710 2160
or preferably by a mechanical shaker for 10 min to ensure
13 33.0 1650 2080
homogeneity. ( Warning—Flammable).
14 35.6 1590 2000
8.2 As soon as possible, to prevent losing any water or
15 38.1 1530 1930
16 40.6 1480 1870
sediment, fill th
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