ASTM D4860-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test provides a field test to evaluate visually a fuel sample for particulate matter and free water similar to Test Method D4176 plus a numerical rating for free water. High numerical ratings indicate that the fuel is relatively free of free water. The degree of water and particulate contamination can be measured using other methods such as Test Methods D2276, D2709, and D6304.
Note 2: Clean and bright is sometimes used in place of clear and bright. The meaning is identical.
5.2 The color of the sample does not affect the measurement. Limited laboratory evaluations of samples have determined the degree of free water can be rated in fuels with dark opaque color having a darker rating than five in Test Method D1500.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for field and laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter and numerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillate fuels.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4860 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle
1
Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Fuels, and Lubricants
1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for field
D4176 Test Method for FreeWater and Particulate Contami-
and laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter and
nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
numerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillate
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
fuels.
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
lometric Karl Fischer Titration
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to Terminology D4175.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.2 clear-and-bright (clean-and-bright), adj—a condition
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in which the liquid sample (fuel) contains no visible water
For specific warning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.
drops or particulates and is free of haze or cloudiness.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3 free water, n—water in excess of that soluble in the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
liquid sample (fuel) at the temperature of the test and usually
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
appearing in the liquid sample (fuel) as a haze (cloudiness),
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
droplets, or water layer.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.4 solid particulate, n—in liquid fuels, small solid or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
semi-solid particles, sometimes referred to as silt or sediment,
present in fuel.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Some examples of solid particulates
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
are air-blown dust, corrosion by-products, internal protective-
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
coating deterioration, and products of fuel degradation and
(ASTM Color Scale)
microbial growth.
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Fuel by Line Sampling
3 3
3.2.1 Micro-Separometer clear-and-bright (MSEP–C&B ),
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
n—a numerical rating indicating the presence and ease of
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
removal of free water and particulate contamination by filtra-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
tion.
Petroleum Products
4. Summary of Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
4.1 Visual inspection of the fuel sample for free water and
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
particulate matter is performed immediately when the sample
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid
is taken. A glass container is used to view for water haze, and
FuelsStability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published August 2022. Originally
the fuel sample is swirled to create a vortex to detect the
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D4860 – 21. DOI:
presence of particulate matter.
10.1520/D4860-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on ‘MSEP’and ‘Micro-Separometer’are trademarks of EMCEE Electronics, Inc.,
the ASTM website. 520 Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34285.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4860 − 22
4.2 Anumerical rating
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4860 − 21 D4860 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Middle
1
Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for field and laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter and
numerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillate fuels.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl
Fischer Titration
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.1.2 clear-and-bright (also termed(clean-and-bright),n—adj—a condition in which the fuel liquid sample (fuel) contains no
visible water drops or particulates and is free of haze or cloudiness.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid FuelsStability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021July 1, 2022. Published January 2022August 2022. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20192021 as
D4860 – 14 (2019).D4860 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/D4860-21.10.1520/D4860-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4860 − 22
3.1.3 free water, n—water in excess of that soluble in the liquid sample (fuel) at the temperature of the test and usually appearing
in the liquid sample (fuel) as a haze (cloudiness), droplets, or water layer.
3.1.4 solid particulate, n—in liquid fuels, small solid or semi-solid particles, sometimes referred to as silt or sediment, present in
fuel.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—
Some examples of solid particulates are air-blown dust, corrosion by-products, internal protective-coating deterioration, and
products of fuel degradation and microbial growth.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3 3
3.2.1 Micro-Separometer clear-and-bright (MSEP–C&B ),n—a numerical rating indicating the presence and ease of removal of
free water and particulate contamination by filtration.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Visual inspection of the fuel sample for free water and particulate matter is performed immediately when the sample is taken.
A glass container is used to view for water haze, and the fuel sample is swirled
...
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