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ASTM F942-02(2013)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures

Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is intended for use by material suppliers, aircraft transparent enclosure fabricators, airframe manufacturers, government agencies, and others that may become involved in the testing of transparent interlayer materials. These test methods provide data on both individual interlayer materials and material combinations commonly used in the fabrication of aerospace transparent enclosures and provide a means of evaluating the performance of one interlayer material against another.  
3.2 Primary characteristics and their long-term stability are critical to the performance of an interlayer material. Basic tests define the as-manufactured material characteristics of the interlayer material. Ageing procedures provide for representative exposure to environments that may induce changes in material characteristics. Tests performed before and after ageing exposure provide a means of estimating the potential useable life-span of an interlayer material or to compare the durability of one interlayer material with another.  
3.3 When employing these test methods for the comparison of interlayer materials after exposure to selected environmental conditions, the user shall be aware that many factors influencing degradation due to weathering vary from one location and exposure period to another location and exposure period. For direct weathering comparisons, the interlayer materials to be compared shall be subjected to the exposure and have the tests performed at the same time. It is emphasized that the test values obtained under these simultaneously applied conditions are for comparative use and their use as design characteristics shall be made with caution.  
3.4 The test methods listed include those considered critical to the performance of aircraft transparent enclosures. The user is advised to use the latest revision of any test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide summarizes the standard test methods available for determining physical and mechanical characteristics of interlayer materials used in multi-ply aerospace transparent enclosures.  
1.2 Interlayer materials are used to laminate glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic, and plastic-to-plastic. Interlayer materials are basically transparent adhesives with high-quality optical properties. They can also serve as an energy absorbing medium, a fail-safe membrane to contain cockpit pressure and to prevent entry of impact debris; a strain insulator to accommodate different thermal expansion rates of members being laminated and as an adherent to prevent spalling of inner surface ply material fragments. The relative importance of an interlayer characteristic will be a function of the prime use it serves in its particular application.  
1.3 This guide, as a summary of various methods in Section 2, is intended to facilitate the selection of tests that can be applied to interlayer materials.  
1.4 The test methods listed are for use in determining basic design characteristics and in assuring lot-to-lot uniformity of the materials being tested except as noted in 3.3.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and heal practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2013
ICS
49.025.50 - Adhesives
Technical Committee
F07 - Aerospace and Aircraft
Drafting Committee
F07.08 - Transparent Enclosures and Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F942-02(2008) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
Effective Date
01-Dec-2013
Referred By
ASTM F790-23 - Standard Guide for Testing Materials for Aerospace Plastic Transparent Enclosures
Effective Date
01-Dec-2013

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ASTM F942-02(2013) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent EnclosuresASTM F942-02(2013) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
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ASTM F942-02(2013) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F942 − 02 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Guide for
Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for
Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF942;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
1.1 This guide summarizes the standard test methods avail-
D149Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
ablefordeterminingphysicalandmechanicalcharacteristicsof
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
interlayer materials used in multi-ply aerospace transparent
at Commercial Power Frequencies
enclosures.
D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
1.2 Interlayer materials are used to laminate glass-to-glass,
tic Elastomers—Tension
glass-to-plastic, and plastic-to-plastic. Interlayer materials are
D542Test Method for Index of Refraction of Transparent
basically transparent adhesives with high-quality optical prop-
Organic Plastics
erties. They can also serve as an energy absorbing medium, a
D570Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
fail-safe membrane to contain cockpit pressure and to prevent
D696TestMethodforCoefficientofLinearThermalExpan-
entry of impact debris; a strain insulator to accommodate
sion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous
different thermal expansion rates of members being laminated
Silica Dilatometer
and as an adherent to prevent spalling of inner surface ply
D792Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
material fragments. The relative importance of an interlayer
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
characteristicwillbeafunctionoftheprimeuseitservesinits
D1003Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
particular application.
of Transparent Plastics
1.3 Thisguide,asasummaryofvariousmethodsinSection
D1004Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of
2, is intended to facilitate the selection of tests that can be
Plastic Film and Sheeting
applied to interlayer materials.
D1045Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Plasticizers
1.4 The test methods listed are for use in determining basic
Used in Plastics
design characteristics and in assuring lot-to-lot uniformity of
D1204Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
the materials being tested except as noted in 3.3.
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the Temperature
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D1824Test Method forApparentViscosity of Plastisols and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Organosols at Low Shear Rates
priatesafetyandhealpracticesanddeterminetheapplicability D2240Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ness
D2766Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
2. Referenced Documents
D2857Practice for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Polymers
D3167Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Adhesives
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
D3465Test Method for Purity of Monomeric Plasticizers by
Gas Chromatography
D3835Test Method for Determination of Properties of
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF07onAerospaceand
Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 on Transparent
Polymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary Rheometer
Enclosures and Materials.
E1640Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally
Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F942–08. DOI:
10.1520/F0942-02R13.
F520Test Method for Environmental Resistance of Aero-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.ast
...

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ASTM F942-18(2023)e1(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is intended for use by material suppliers, aircraft transparent enclosure fabricators, airframe manufacturers, government agencies, and others that may become involved in the testing of transparent interlayer materials. These test methods provide data on both individual interlayer materials and material combinations commonly used in the fabrication of aerospace transparent enclosures and provide a means of evaluating the performance of one interlayer material against another.  
3.2 Primary characteristics and their long-term stability are critical to the performance of an interlayer material. Basic tests define the as-manufactured material characteristics of the interlayer material. Aging procedures provide for representative exposure to environments that induce changes in material characteristics. Tests performed before and after ageing exposure provide a means of estimating the potential useable life-span of an interlayer material or to compare the durability of one interlayer material with another.  
3.3 When employing these test methods for the comparison of interlayer materials after exposure to selected environmental conditions, the user shall be aware that many factors influencing degradation due to weathering vary from one location and exposure period to another location and exposure period. For direct weathering comparisons, the interlayer materials to be compared shall be subjected to the exposure and have the tests performed at the same time. It is emphasized that the test values obtained under these simultaneously applied conditions are for comparative use and their use as design characteristics shall be made with caution.  
3.4 The test methods listed include those considered critical to the performance of aircraft transparent enclosures. The user is advised to use the latest revision of any test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide summarizes the standard test methods available for determining physical and mechanical characteristics of interlayer materials used in multi-ply aerospace transparent enclosures.  
1.2 Interlayer materials are used to laminate glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic, and plastic-to-plastic. Interlayer materials are basically transparent adhesives with high-quality optical properties. They can also serve as an energy absorbing medium, a fail-safe membrane to contain cockpit pressure and to prevent entry of impact debris; a strain insulator to accommodate different thermal expansion rates of members being laminated and as an adherent to prevent spalling of inner surface ply material fragments. The relative importance of an interlayer characteristic will be a function of the prime use it serves in its particular application.  
1.3 This guide, as a summary of various methods in Section 2, is intended to facilitate the selection of tests that can be applied to interlayer materials.  
1.4 The test methods listed are for use in determining basic design characteristics and in assuring lot-to-lot uniformity of the materials being tested except as noted in 3.3.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F942-18(2023)e1(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is intended for use by material suppliers, aircraft transparent enclosure fabricators, airframe manufacturers, government agencies, and others that may become involved in the testing of transparent interlayer materials. These test methods provide data on both individual interlayer materials and material combinations commonly used in the fabrication of aerospace transparent enclosures and provide a means of evaluating the performance of one interlayer material against another.  
3.2 Primary characteristics and their long-term stability are critical to the performance of an interlayer material. Basic tests define the as-manufactured material characteristics of the interlayer material. Aging procedures provide for representative exposure to environments that induce changes in material characteristics. Tests performed before and after ageing exposure provide a means of estimating the potential useable life-span of an interlayer material or to compare the durability of one interlayer material with another.  
3.3 When employing these test methods for the comparison of interlayer materials after exposure to selected environmental conditions, the user shall be aware that many factors influencing degradation due to weathering vary from one location and exposure period to another location and exposure period. For direct weathering comparisons, the interlayer materials to be compared shall be subjected to the exposure and have the tests performed at the same time. It is emphasized that the test values obtained under these simultaneously applied conditions are for comparative use and their use as design characteristics shall be made with caution.  
3.4 The test methods listed include those considered critical to the performance of aircraft transparent enclosures. The user is advised to use the latest revision of any test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide summarizes the standard test methods available for determining physical and mechanical characteristics of interlayer materials used in multi-ply aerospace transparent enclosures.  
1.2 Interlayer materials are used to laminate glass-to-glass, glass-to-plastic, and plastic-to-plastic. Interlayer materials are basically transparent adhesives with high-quality optical properties. They can also serve as an energy absorbing medium, a fail-safe membrane to contain cockpit pressure and to prevent entry of impact debris; a strain insulator to accommodate different thermal expansion rates of members being laminated and as an adherent to prevent spalling of inner surface ply material fragments. The relative importance of an interlayer characteristic will be a function of the prime use it serves in its particular application.  
1.3 This guide, as a summary of various methods in Section 2, is intended to facilitate the selection of tests that can be applied to interlayer materials.  
1.4 The test methods listed are for use in determining basic design characteristics and in assuring lot-to-lot uniformity of the materials being tested except as noted in 3.3.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6412/D6412M-99(2020)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Epoxy (Flexible) Adhesive For Bonding Metallic And Nonmetallic Materials

ABSTRACT
The specification covers a two-part modified epoxy paste adhesive for bonding metallic and nonmetallic materials. The adhesive should be suitable for forming bonds that can withstand environmental exposure to a certain temperature range when exposed to an expected combination of stress, temperature, and relative humidity to be encountered in service. Two types of adhesive shall be classified according to composition. Type I which consists of two-part kits of liquid base and modified amide liquid accelerator. Type I is further subdivided into two grades: Grade 1 with low viscosity and Grade 2 with high viscosity. The other classification is Type II which consists of premixed, frozen, Type I, Grade 1 or Type I, Grade 2. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of the adhesives: room-temperature shear, high-temperature shear, low-temperature shear, room-temperature Shore D hardness, room-temperature T-peel, and outgassing characteristics such as total mass loss and vacuum condensable material.
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1.1 The specification covers a two-part modified epoxy paste adhesive for bonding metallic and nonmetallic materials. The adhesive should be suitable for forming bonds that can withstand environmental exposure to temperatures from –184 to 82 °C [–300 to 180 °F] when exposed to an expected combination of stress, temperature, and relative humidity to be encountered in service.
Note 1: When coordinated through the Department of Defense (DoD) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), this practice will be a direct replacement of MIL-A-82720 (OS), MIS-26872, and MSFC-SPEC-2037.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6464-03a(2017)(Specification)
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ABSTRACT
This specification establishes minimum performance requirements for determining strength, aging, and working properties of expandable foam adhesives intended for bonding back surfaces of gypsum wallboards of all thicknesses to wood framing. Minimum physical and performance requirements are specified for all measured properties of adhesives and adhesive bonds. Shear strength, tensile strength, adhesive open assembly time determination, substrate wet-out by adhesive, accelerated adhesive aging, freeze-thaw stability, suitability of a laminating adhesive for vinyl-covered wallboard, suitability for stain resistance for vinyl-covered wallboard, and gap filling tests shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
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5.1 The guide is to be used by anyone developing bonding or sealing requirements for specifications for manufacturing, maintenance or overhaul. This guide has been designed to be application specific for each bonding or sealing application, and allows the design engineer to rest assured that the product(s) or process(es) selected by the industrial or manufacturing engineer will be compatible with both the part material and the subsequent processes, such as adherend/substrate cleaning and preparation. It allows the industrial or manufacturing engineer to customize the selection of the adhesive or sealant product based on the materials of the parts being bonded or sealed, the conditions required for the subsequent process(es), environmental, cost, and health and safety concerns.
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This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene)-modified mopping asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roofing systems. This specification is intended as a material specification and issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope. The specified tests and property values are intended to establish minimum properties. In place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification. The base asphalt shall be prepared from crude petroleum and the SEBS-modified asphalt shall incorporate sufficient SEBS as the primary polymeric modifier. The SEBS modified asphalt shall be homogeneous and free of water and shall conform to the prescribed physical properties including (1) softening point before and after heat exposure, (2) softening point change, (3) flash point, (4) penetration before and after heat exposure, (5) penetration change, (6) solubility in trichloroethylene, (7) tensile elongation, (8) elastic recovery, and (9) low temperature flexibility. The sampling and test methods to determine compliance with the specified physical properties, as well as the evaluation for stability during heat exposure are detailed.
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1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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This specification covers coal tar roof cement suitable for trowel application in coal tar roofing and flashing systems. The chemical composition of coal tar roof cement shall conform to the requirements prescribed. The water, non-volatile matter, insoluble matter, behaviour at 60 deg. C, adhesion to wet surfaces, and flash point shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
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1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.  
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.  
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.  
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.  
Note 1: For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Note 2: A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.  
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and Table 2 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
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ASTM D8165-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Used in Hypoid Final-Drive Axles Operated under Low-Speed and High-Torque Conditions

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5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6416/D6416M-16(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method simulates the hydrostatic loading conditions which are often present in actual sandwich structures, such as marine hulls. This test method can be used to compare the two-dimensional flexural stiffness of a sandwich composite made with different combinations of materials or with different fabrication processes. Since it is based on distributed loading rather than concentrated loading, it may also provide more realistic information on the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures loaded in a similar manner. Test data should be useful for design and engineering, material specification, quality assurance, and process development. In addition, data from this test method would be useful in refining predictive mathematical models or computer code for use as structural design tools. Properties that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Panel surface deflection at load,  
5.1.2 Panel face-sheet strain at load,  
5.1.3 Panel bending stiffness,  
5.1.4 Panel shear stiffness,  
5.1.5 Panel strength, and  
5.1.6 Panel failure modes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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