ASTM D5864-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants or Their Components
Standard Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants or Their Components
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Results from the test method suggest, within the confines of a controlled laboratory setting, the degree of aerobic aquatic biodegradation of a lubricant or components of a lubricant by measuring the evolved carbon dioxide upon exposure of the test material to an inoculum. The plateau level of CO2 evolution in this test method will suggest the degree of biodegradability of the lubricant. Test substances that achieve a high degree of biodegradation in this test may be assumed to easily biodegrade in many aerobic aquatic environments.
5.2 Because of the stringency of this test, a low yield of CO2 does not necessarily mean that the test substance is not biodegradable under environmental conditions, but indicates that further testing is necessary to establish biodegradability.
5.3 Information on toxicity to the inoculum of the test substance may be useful in the interpretation of low biodegradation results.
5.4 Activated sewage-sludge from a sewage-treatment plant that principally treats domestic waste is considered an acceptable active aerobic inoculum available over a wide geographical area in which to test a broad range of lubricants. An inoculum derived from soil or natural surface waters, or both, or any combination of the three sources, is also appropriate for this test method.
Note 1: Allowance for various and multiple inoculum sources provides access to a greater diversity of biochemical competency and potentially represents more accurately the capacity for biodegradation.
5.5 A reference or control substance known to biodegrade is necessary in order to verify the activity of the inoculum. The test must be regarded as invalid and should be repeated using a fresh inoculum if the reference does not demonstrate a biodegradation of >60 % of the theoretical CO2 evolution within 28 days.
5.6 A total CO2 evolution in the blank at the end of the test exceeding 75 mg CO2 per 3 L of medium shall be considered as invalidating the test.
5.7 The water...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of aerobic aquatic biodegradation of fully formulated lubricants or their components on exposure to an inoculum under laboratory conditions.
1.2 This test method is intended to specifically address the difficulties associated with testing water insoluble materials and complex mixtures such as are found in many lubricants.
1.3 This test method is designed to be applicable to all lubricants that are not volatile and are not inhibitory at the test concentration to the organisms present in the inoculum.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are discussed in Section 10.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5864 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Determining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants
1
or Their Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5864; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
and Lubricants
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree
E943Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-
of aerobic aquatic biodegradation of fully formulated lubri-
ronmental Fate
cants or their components on exposure to an inoculum under
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
laboratory conditions.
4259:1992(E)Petroleum Products—Determination and Ap-
1.2 This test method is intended to specifically address the
plication of Precision Data in Relation to Methods ofTest
difficulties associated with testing water insoluble materials
4
2.3 APHA Standard:
and complex mixtures such as are found in many lubricants.
2540BTotal Solids Dried at 103–105°C
1.3 This test method is designed to be applicable to all
9215Heterotrophic Plate Count
lubricants that are not volatile and are not inhibitory at the test
3. Terminology
concentration to the organisms present in the inoculum.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.1 Definitionsoftermsapplicabletothistestmethodthat
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- arenotdescribedhereinappearinthe ASTM Online Dictionary
5
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- of Engineering Science and Technology orTerminologyE943.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.2 aerobic, adj—(1) taking place in the presence of
Specific hazards are discussed in Section 10. oxygen, (2) living or active in the presence of oxygen.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3 biodegradation, n—the process of chemical break-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
down or transformation of a material caused by organisms or
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
their enzymes.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Biodegradation is only one mechanism
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
by which materials are transformed in the environment.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.4 biomass, n—biological material including any mate-
rial other than fossil fuels which is or was a living organism or
2. Referenced Documents
component or product of a living organism.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4.1 Discussion—In biology and environmental science,
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
biomassistypicallyexpressedasdensityofbiologicalmaterial
D1293Test Methods for pH of Water
per unit sample volume, area, or mass (g biomass/g(or/mL
2
D4447Guide for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and
or / cm ) sample); when used for products derived from
Samples
organisms biomass is typically expressed in terms of mass (kg,
3
D5291Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of
MT, etc.) or volume (L, m , bbl, etc.).
3.1.4.2 Discussion—Products of living organisms include
those materials produced directly by living organisms as
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
3
Subcommittee D02.12 on Environmental Standards for Lubricants. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5864–17. DOI: From Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, latest
10.1520/D5864-18. edition. Available from the American Public Health Association, 1015 18th St.,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or N.W., Washington, DC 20036.
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM ASTM Online Dictionary of Engineering Science and Technology
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on (Stock#DEFONLINE)isavailableontheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontact
the ASTM website. ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyri
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5864 − 17 D5864 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Determining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants
1
or Their Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5864; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of aerobic aquatic biodegradation of fully formulated lubricants or
their components on exposure to an inoculum under laboratory conditions.
1.2 This test method is intended to specifically address the difficulties associated with testing water insoluble materials and
complex mixtures such as are found in many lubricants.
1.3 This test method is designed to be applicable to all lubricants that are not volatile and are not inhibitory at the test
concentration to the organisms present in the inoculum.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are discussed in Section 10.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D4447 Guide for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and Samples
D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
4259:1992(E) Petroleum Products—Determination and Application of Precision Data in Relation to Methods of Test
4
2.3 APHA Standard:
2540B Total Solids Dried at 103–105°C
9215 Heterotrophic Plate Count
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions of terms applicable to this test method that are not described herein appear in the ASTM Online Dictionary
5
of Engineering Science and Technology or Terminology E943.
3.1.2 aerobic, adj—(1) taking place in the presence of oxygen, (2) living or active in the presence of oxygen.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.12 on Environmental Standards for Lubricants.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017June 1, 2018. Published February 2017June 2018. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 as
D5864 – 11.D5864 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D5864-17.10.1520/D5864-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
From Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, latest edition. Available from the American Public Health Association, 1015 18th St., N.W.,
Washington, DC 20036.
5
ASTM Online Dictionary of Engineering Science and Technology (Stock#DEFONLINE) is available on the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer
Service at service@astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5864 − 18
3.1.3 biodegradation, n—the process of chemical breakdown or transformation of a material caused by organisms or their
enzymes.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
Biodegradation is only one mechanism by which materials are transformed in the environment.
3.1.4 biomass, n—biological material including any material other than fossil fuels which is or was a living organism or
component or product of a living organism.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—
In biology and enviro
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5864 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Determining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants
1
or Their Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5864; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
and Lubricants
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree
E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-
of aerobic aquatic biodegradation of fully formulated lubri-
ronmental Fate
cants or their components on exposure to an inoculum under
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
laboratory conditions.
4259:1992(E) Petroleum Products—Determination and Ap-
1.2 This test method is intended to specifically address the
plication of Precision Data in Relation to Methods of Test
difficulties associated with testing water insoluble materials
4
2.3 APHA Standard:
and complex mixtures such as are found in many lubricants.
2540B Total Solids Dried at 103–105°C
1.3 This test method is designed to be applicable to all
9215 Heterotrophic Plate Count
lubricants that are not volatile and are not inhibitory at the test
3. Terminology
concentration to the organisms present in the inoculum.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.1 Definitions of terms applicable to this test method that
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- are not described herein appear in the ASTM Online Dictionary
5
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- of Engineering Science and Technology or Terminology E943.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.2 aerobic, adj—(1) taking place in the presence of
Specific hazards are discussed in Section 10. oxygen, (2) living or active in the presence of oxygen.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3 biodegradation, n—the process of chemical break-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
down or transformation of a material caused by organisms or
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
their enzymes.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Biodegradation is only one mechanism
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
by which materials are transformed in the environment.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.4 biomass, n—biological material including any mate-
rial other than fossil fuels which is or was a living organism or
2. Referenced Documents
component or product of a living organism.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4.1 Discussion—In biology and environmental science,
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
biomass is typically expressed as density of biological material
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
per unit sample volume, area, or mass (g biomass / g (or / mL
2
D4447 Guide for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and
or / cm ) sample); when used for products derived from
Samples
organisms biomass is typically expressed in terms of mass (kg,
3
D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of
MT, etc.) or volume (L, m , bbl, etc.).
3.1.4.2 Discussion—Products of living organisms include
those materials produced directly by living organisms as
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
3
Subcommittee D02.12 on Environmental Standards for Lubricants. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5864 – 17. DOI: From Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, latest
10.1520/D5864-18. edition. Available from the American Public Health Association, 1015 18th St.,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or N.W., Washington, DC 20036.
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM ASTM Online Dictionary of Engineering Science and Technology
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on (Stock#DEFONLINE) is available on the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact
the ASTM website. ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Un
...
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