ASTM D2102-02(2012)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibers (Bundle Test)
Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibers (Bundle Test)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Limited accuracy in measuring the change in length produces errors in estimating values for shrinkage below 10 %. However, this test is being used for low level shrinkage fibers because the results give have been found to give an adequate indication of average shrinkage at the lower levels. The test is not adequate for determining variability in average shrinkage at low levels. If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
This test method for testing the shrinkage of fibers is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fibers because only a limited amount of data is available. See Section 14.
This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fibers; but caution is advised since information on between laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1 are advised.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the unrestrained shrinkage of a bundle of crimped or uncrimped fibers from exposure to some environment, for instance, boiling water for 15 min.
1.1.1 This test method may be used on fibers from tow and fibers removed from spun or continuous filament yarn.
Note 1—For measurement of shrinkage of single fibers, refer to Test Method D5104.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D2102 − 02 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Shrinkage of Textile Fibers (Bundle Test)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2102; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Section 3, Terminology, was updated editorially in March 2012.
1. Scope 3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
shrinkage.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the unre-
strained shrinkage of a bundle of crimped or uncrimped fibers
3.3 For definition of other terms related to textiles, see
from exposure to some environment, for instance, boiling
Terminology D123.
water for 15 min.
1.1.1 This test method may be used on fibers from tow and
4. Summary of Test Method
fibers removed from spun or continuous filament yarn.
4.1 Auniformbundleofconditionedparallelfibersislightly
NOTE 1—For measurement of shrinkage of single fibers, refer to Test
loaded between clamps and the nip to nip length measured.
Method D5104.
Without being removed from the clamps, the bundle specimen
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
is then exposed to the test environment, typically, boiling water
be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in
for 15 min. After reconditioning, the bundle length is remea-
each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system
sured under the same light loading.
must be used independently of the other.
NOTE 2—Due to the very high variability of the shrinkage of individual
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fibers of high shrinkage types, to obtain a reliable average value would
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
require an excessive number of determinations, each rather tedious. The
bundle method does not give the true average value, but rather a weighted
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
value approaching the highest shrinkage fiber in the bundle. Since the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
weighted value more closely approximates the properties found in a high
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bulk yarn made from such fibers, the weighted value would seem to be
more appropriate.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.1 Limited accuracy in measuring the change in length
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
produces errors in estimating values for shrinkage below 10 %.
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
However, this test is being used for low level shrinkage fibers
D3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,
because the results give have been found to give an adequate
Sliver, or Tow for Testing
indication of average shrinkage at the lower levels. The test is
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
notadequatefordeterminingvariabilityinaverageshrinkageat
D5104 Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibers (Single-
low levels. If there are differences of practical significance
Fiber Test)
between reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
3. Terminology
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
3.1 For terminology related to Yarns and Fibers see Termi- a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
nology D4849.
assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a com-
parative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee D13 on
thesamelotofmaterialasthesamplesthatresultedindisparate
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and
results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal
Fibers.
numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the labora-
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published August 2007. Originally
tories involved should be compared using a statistical test for
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2102 – 02. DOI:
10.1520/D2102-02R12E01.
unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D2102 − 02 (2012)
5.2 This test method for testing the shrinkage of fibers is not tested for the container is not more than the agreed-to value or,
recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments by agreement, stop testing after a specified number.
offibersbecauseonlyalimitedamountofdataisavailable.See 7.3.1 If testing fibers from yarn, carefully remove twist
Section 14. before taking the specimens.
5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of
8. Preparation of Test Specimen
commercial shipments of fibers; but caution is advised since
8.1 Prepare test specimen bundles by drawing and lapping
information on between laboratory precision is incomplete.
fiberstoalignthefibersinparallel.Becarefulnottostretchany
Comparative tests as directed in 5.1 are advised.
of the fibers.
8.1.1 If fibers are already parallel, as in sliver or tow,
6. Apparatus
split-off bundles of fibers from the side of the material.
6.1 Jig, consisting of a frame with fixed upper clamp
8.1.2 Draw and lap the specimen bundles such that the fiber
suitable for holding a small parallel bundle of fibers, a
ends at one end of the test specimen bundles are essentially
smoothly sliding lower clamp and a means for locking this
aligned.
lower clamp in position, and a suitable scale inscribed on the
8.2 Make up each specimen bundle so that its linear density
jig to measure the distance between clamps to the nearest 0.2
in tex will result in a loading of 0.9 cN/tex (0.1 gf/d), by the
mm (0.01 in.).
weight of the sliding clamp as obtained in accordance with 9.1.
6.2 Tape Adhesive Cellophane or Masking, 25.4 mm (1 in.).
NOTE 4—Wrapping Bundle Ends—Cut two short pieces of tape.
Carefully wrap the tapes about the end of the specimen bundle. Space the
7. Sampling
ends to give as long a specimen as practical and compatible with the jig
7.1 Lot sampling—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
and fiber lengths. Trim the tape ends to fit inside the clamps.
take at random the number of shipping containers directed in
9. Calibration
the applicable material specification or other agreement be-
tween the purchaser and supplier, such as an agreement to use
9.1 Weightheslidinglowerclampto0.1gfordetermination
Practice D3333 or Practice D2258, as appropriate. Consider
of specimen bundle size as stated in 8.2. The jig must be
shipping containers to be the primary sampling units.
partially disassembled to do this.
NOTE 3—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
9.2 Clamp a scale, of approximately 40 mm (1 ⁄2 in.) in
purchaser or supplier requires taking into account the variability between
length, in the jaws with exactly 25 mm (1.0 in.) nip to nip.
shipping units, between packages, ends or other laboratory sampling unit
Position the upper clamp to give a reading of 1.00 in. on the
within a shipping unit if applicable, and within specimens from a single
inscribed scale.
package, end or other laboratory sampling unit to provide a sampling plan
with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality
level, and limiting quantity level.
10. Conditioning
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for ac-
10.1 Precondition and condition the laboratory samples as
ceptance testing, take at ran
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