ASTM D3382-13

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge Techniques

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are useful in research and quality control for evaluating insulating materials and systems since they provide for the measurement of charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges(4) (5) (6).  
5.2 Pulse measurements of partial discharges indicate the magnitude of individual discharges. However, if there are numerous discharges per cycle it is occasionally important to know their charge sum, since this sum can be related to the total volume of internal gas spaces that are discharging, if it is assumed that the gas cavities are simple capacitances in series with the capacitances of the solid dielectrics (7) (8).  
5.3 Internal (cavity-type) discharges are mainly of the pulse (spark-type) with rapid rise times or the pseudoglow-type with long rise times, depending upon the discharge governing parameters existing within the cavity. If the rise times of the pseudoglow discharges are too long , they will evade detection by pulse detectors as covered in Test Method D1868. However, both the pseudoglow discharges irrespective of the length of their rise time as well as pulseless glow can be readily measured either by Method A or B of Test Methods D3382.  
5.4 Pseudoglow discharges have been observed to occur in air, particularly when a partially conducting surface is involved. It is possible that such partially conducting surfaces will develop with polymers that are exposed to partial discharges for sufficiently long periods to accumulate acidic degradation products. Also in some applications, like turbogenerators, where a low molecular weight gas such as hydrogen is used as a coolant, it is possible that pseudoglow discharges will develop.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two bridge techniques for measuring the energy and integrated charge of pulse and pseudoglow partial discharges:  
1.2 Test Method A makes use of capacitance and loss characteristics such as measured by the transformer ratio-arm bridge or the high-voltage Schering bridge (Test Methods D150). Test Method A can be used to obtain the integrated charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges in a dielectric from the measured increase in capacitance and tan δ with voltage. (See also IEEE 286 and IEEE 1434)  
1.3 Test Method B makes use of a somewhat different bridge circuit, identified as a charge-voltage-trace (parallelogram) technique, which indicates directly on an oscilloscope the integrated charge transfer and the magnitude of the energy loss due to partial discharges.  
1.4 Both test methods are intended to supplement the measurement and detection of pulse-type partial discharges as covered by Test Method D1868, by measuring the sum of both pulse and pseudoglow discharges per cycle in terms of their charge and energy.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2013
• ICS: 17.220.20 - Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities
• Technical Committee: D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
• Drafting Committee: D09.12 - Electrical Tests

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3382 − 13
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due
1
to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3382; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D1711Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
1.1 These test methods cover two bridge techniques for
D1868Test Method for Detection and Measurement of
measuring the energy and integrated charge of pulse and
Partial Discharge (Corona) Pulses in Evaluation of Insu-
pseudoglow partial discharges:
lation Systems
3
1.2 Test Method A makes use of capacitance and loss
2.2 IEEE Documents
characteristics such as measured by the transformer ratio-arm
IEEE 286 Recommended Practice for Measurement of
bridge or the high-voltage Schering bridge (Test Methods
Power Factor and Power Factor Tip-up for Rotating
D150). Test Method A can be used to obtain the integrated
Machine Stator Coil Insulation
charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges in a
IEEE 1434Guide to the Measurement of Partial Discharges
dielectric from the measured increase in capacitance and tan δ
in Rotating Machinery
with voltage. (See also IEEE 286 and IEEE 1434)
IEEE C57.113Guide for PD Measurements in Liquid-Filled
1.3 Test Method B makes use of a somewhat different Power Transformers
IEEE Standard C57.124Recommended Practice for the
bridge circuit, identified as a charge-voltage-trace (parallelo-
gram) technique, which indicates directly on an oscilloscope DetectionofPDandtheMeasurementofApparentCharge
in Dry-Type Transformers
the integrated charge transfer and the magnitude of the energy
4
loss due to partial discharges. 2.3 AEIC Documents
AEIC T-24-380Guide for Partial Discharge Procedure
1.4 Both test methods are intended to supplement the
AEIC CS5-87Specifications for Thermoplastic and Cross-
measurement and detection of pulse-type partial discharges as
linked Polyethylene Insulated Shielded Power Cables
covered byTest Method D1868, by measuring the sum of both
Rated 5 through 35 kV, 9th Edition, 1987
pulse and pseudoglow discharges per cycle in terms of their
charge and energy.
3. Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 pseudoglow discharge, n—a type of partial discharge,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
whichtakesplacewithinanexpandeddischargechannelandis
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
characterized by pulses of relatively low magnitude and long
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specificprecaution
rise time.
statements are given in Section 7.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Pseudoglow discharges occur within a
diffused discharge channel, whose emitted glow fills the entire
2. Referenced Documents
intervening gap or cavity space (1). The discharge rate behav-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
iorasafunctionofappliedvoltageissimilartothatoftherapid
D150Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
risetimepulse(spark-type)discharges.Thesuccessivepseudo-
glowdischargepulsesoccuroverthefirstquadrantofeachhalf
cycle and in some gases, notably helium, their magnitude is
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
found to diminish to zero. At this point, a transition to a
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
pulseless glow discharge can occur. Its occurrence, which is
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
manifest by distortion in the sinusoidal voltage wave, is rare.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3382–07. DOI:
10.1520/D3382-13.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM 445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http://www.ieee.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from The Association of Edison Illuminating Companies (AEIC),
the ASTM website. 600 N. 18th St, Birmingham, AL 35291, www.aeic.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

----------------------
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3382 − 07 D3382 − 13 An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due
1
to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3382; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover two bridge techniques for measuring the energy and integrated charge of pulse and pseudoglow
partial discharges:
1.2 Test Method A makes use of capacitance and loss characteristics such as measured by the transformer ratio-arm bridge or
the high-voltage Schering bridge (Test Methods D150). Test Method A can be used to obtain the integrated charge transfer and
energy loss due to partial discharges in a dielectric from the measured increase in capacitance and tan δ with voltage. (See also
IEEE 286 and IEEE 1434)
1.3 Test Method B makes use of a somewhat different bridge circuit, identified as a charge-voltage-trace (parallelogram)
technique, which indicates directly on an oscilloscope the integrated charge transfer and the magnitude of the energy loss due to
partial discharges.
1.4 Both test methods are intended to supplement the measurement and detection of pulse-type partial discharges as covered
by Test Method D1868, by measuring the sum of both pulse and pseudoglow discharges per cycle in terms of their charge and
energy.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D1868 Test Method for Detection and Measurement of Partial Discharge (Corona) Pulses in Evaluation of Insulation Systems
3
2.2 IEEE Documents
IEEE 286 Recommended Practice for Measurement of Power Factor and Power Factor Tip-up for Rotating Machine Stator Coil
Insulation
IEEE 1434 Guide to the Measurement of Partial Discharges in Rotating Machinery
IEEE C57.113 Guide for PD Measurements in Liquid-Filled Power Transformers
IEEE Standard C57.124 Recommended Practice for the Detection of PD and the Measurement of Apparent Charge in Dry-Type
Transformers
4
2.3 AEIC Documents
AEIC T-24-380 Guide for Partial Discharge Procedure
AEIC CS5-87 Specifications for Thermoplastic and Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulated Shielded Power Cables Rated 5 through
35 kV, 9th Edition, 1987
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007Nov. 1, 2013. Published July 2007December 2013. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
ε1
D3382 – 95 (2001)D3382 – 07. . DOI: 10.1520/D3382-07.10.1520/D3382-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), 445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http://www.ieee.org.
4
Available from The Association of Edison Illuminating Companies (AEIC), 600 N. 18th St, Birmingham, AL 35291, www.aeic.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3382 − 13
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 pseudoglow discharge, n—a type of partial discharge, which takes place within an expanded discharge channel and is
characterized by pulses of relatively low magnitude and long rise time.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Pseudoglow discharges occur within a diffused discharge channel, whose emitted glow fills the entire intervening gap or cavity
...