ASTM D6336-98(2004)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluation of Vehicles for Pigment Wetting Using a Vacuum Modified Sigma Blade Mixer (Withdrawn 2010)
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Vehicles for Pigment Wetting Using a Vacuum Modified Sigma Blade Mixer (Withdrawn 2010)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
By following this practice it is possible to make reproducible flushes when using the same raw materials. Therefore, if someone wishes to evaluate the effect a different raw material has on a flush, it is possible to evaluate this effect by noting the change that occurs from a control flush to the experimental flush. This change can be, but is not limited to; such things as strength after vacuum, grind, grit, gloss etc. This practice can be used by ink companies, pigment companies or varnish companies. This practice is not meant to give absolute values but is meant to be used as a relative practice in which a control flush is made using a standard formula and the experimental flush is compared to the control flush. This practice is not meant to determine the absolute performance of a formula in production. Again it can be used to give a relative idea of how a formula will perform in production when a correlation has been established between laboratory flushing and production flushing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for the evaluations of vehicles for pigment dispersion using a vacuum modified sigma blade mixer, or vacuum flusher.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covers guidelines for the evaluations of vehicles for pigment dispersion using a vacuum modified sigma blade mixer, or vacuum flusher.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications this practice was withdrawn in June 2010. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D6336 – 98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Vehicles for Pigment Wetting Using a Vacuum
Modified Sigma Blade Mixer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6336; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4361 Test Method forApparent Tack of Printing Inks and
Vehicles by a Three-Roller Tackmeter
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for the evaluations of
vehicles for pigment dispersion using a vacuum modified
3. Terminology
sigma blade mixer, or vacuum flusher.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.1 additives, n—various materials that are used in rela-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
tively small quantities to condition the pigment or vehicle.
only.
3.1.2 break, n—the action that takes place when water is
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
separated from the pigment in a presscake.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 flushed color, n—a color base in paste form prepared
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
by flushing.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 flusher, n—amixingdevicethathastwosigmashaped
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
agitator blades parallel to each other, turning in opposing
2. Referenced Documents directions at different speeds.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Themixingactionofaflusheristhatof
2.1 ASTM Standards:
kneading.
D280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other
3.1.5 flushing, n—a method of transferring pigments from
Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
dispersionsinwatertodispersionsinoilbythedisplacementof
D387 Test Method for Color and Strength of Chromatic
the water by oil.
Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The resulting dispersions of flushing
D1316 Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks
are known as flushed colors.
By the NPIRI Grindometer
3.1.6 pigment, n—the fine solid particles of colorant used to
D2066 Test Methods for RelativeTinting Strength of Paste-
give color to printing inks.
Type Printing Ink Dispersions
3.1.6.1 Discussion—The pigment particles are substantially
D2067 Test Method for Coarse Particles in Printing Ink
insoluble in the vehicle and in water.
Dispersions
3.1.7 presscake, n—a mixture of pigment and water formed
D4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials
into a cake by passing through a filter press under pressure.
by Karl Fischer Method
3.1.8 vacuum cycle, n—the time a flush is under vacuum to
D4040 Test Method for Rheological Properties of Paste
remove entrapped water.
Printing and Vehicles by the Falling-Rod Viscometer
3.1.9 vehicle, n—the liquid portion of an ink that holds and
carries the pigment, provides workability and drying properties
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
and binds the pigment to the substrate after the ink has dried.
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.
4. Summary of Practice
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
4.1 Vehicle,pigmentpresscake,andadditivesareaddedinto
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D6336 – 98. DOI:
10.1520/D6336-98R04.
a sigma blade mixer and mixed until the water is displaced
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
from the pigment presscake.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2 Step 4.1 is repeated two or three times until the capacity
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. of the flusher has been reached.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6336 – 98 (2004)
order as shown on the formula. The vehicle having the best pigment
4.3 Theflusheristhensealedandavacuumapplieduntilthe
wetting property is usually added first. In some formulas, however,
dispersion (flush) is free of moisture.
judgment is left to the operator, as predictions cannot be made.
NOTE 1—Lithol rubine pigment undergoes a color conversion when
NOTE 4—Flushing aids are very effective and should be used with care
essentially all water is removed.
and good judgment.
4.4 Vehicle solvent and additives are added to adjust the
8.2 First Break:
strength, shade and body of the dispersion (flush) to that of a
8.2.1 Add prescribed quantity of presscake to the flusher.
standard dispersion (flush).
8.2.1.1 The presscake should be analyzed for dry weight or
solids according to Test Methods D280.
5. Significance and Use
8.2.1.2 All presscake should be weighed before it is charged
5.1 By following this practice it is possible to make repro-
to the flusher.
ducible flushes when using the same raw materials. Therefore,
8.2.2 Agitate for 2 to 5 min. If using a multispeed flusher,
if someone wishes to evaluate the effect a different raw
agitate at low speed for 1 to 2 min then at high speed for 2 to
material has on a flush, it is possible to evaluate this effect by
5 min.
noting the change that occurs from a control flush to the
8.2.3 Add flushing additive(s) if required.
experimental flush. This change can be, but is not limited to;
8.2.4 Add vehicle in small quantities until break occurs.
suchthingsasstrengthaftervacuum,grind,grit,glossetc.This
Remember you can always put vehicle in but never take it out.
practice can be used by ink companies, pigment companies or
Therefore, always work the vehicle into the presscake well
varnish companies. This practice is not meant to give absolute
before adding more.
values but is meant to be used as a relative practice in which a
8.2.5 When the flush mass begins to form (water is flushed
control flush is made using a standard formula and the
out) continue to mix until the water clears, then drain.
experimental flush is compared to the control flush. This
8.2.6 Run the flusher on high speed for 30 to 45 s and drain
practice is not meant to determine the absolute performance of
again. Do this until no more water is flushed from the system.
a formula in production.Again it can be used to give a relative
NOTE 5—First breaks generally use 45 to 55 % of the pigment and 55
idea of how a formula will perform in production when a
to 60 % of the vehicle. First breaks are usually soft so it is very important
correlation has been established between laboratory flushing
to drain well.Also it is important that the mixer’s sides should be scraped
and production flushing.
down thoroughly during the first break and all subsequent breaks, to make
sure all pigment and presscake are mixed in properly. Proper draining will
6. Apparatus
shorten the vacuum cycle.
6.1 Laboratory Sigma Blade Flusher, typically 1-L(1-qt) to
8.3 Other Breaks:
4-L(1-gal) capacity.
8.3.1 Charge the required amount of presscake and mix
6.2 Vacuum Pump, capable of obtaining a vacuum in the
thoroughly. No vehicle is to be added until the presscake
flusher of 69 cm (27 in.) to 76 cm (30 in.).
charged has been mixed in well. The flush should have a dry
6.3 Wide Blade
...
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