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ASTM D6242-98

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Mass Unit Area of Nonwoven Fabrics

Standard Test Method for Mass Unit Area of Nonwoven Fabrics

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of mass/unit area of all nonwoven fabrics.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-1998
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.90 - Executive
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6242-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Mass Unit Area of Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)
Effective Date
10-Apr-1998

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ASTM D6242-98 - Standard Test Method for Mass Unit Area of Nonwoven FabricsASTM D6242-98 - Standard Test Method for Mass Unit Area of Nonwoven Fabrics
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ASTM D6242-98 - Standard Test Method for Mass Unit Area of Nonwoven Fabrics
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D6242–98
Standard Test Method for
Mass Unit Area of Nonwoven Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of mass/unit 5.1 This test method determines the ratio of mass/unit area
area of all nonwoven fabrics. of any nonwoven fabric. Many properties of nonwovens,
1.2 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsorinch-poundunitsshallbe including strength, thickness, porosity, tearing strength, and
regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each others are influenced by changes in mass/unit area. For this
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system reason, many nonwovens specifications include targets and
must be used independently of the other, without combining limits for this property, which may be verified using this
values in any way. procedure. Also, it is a useful procedure to use in controlling
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the production of nonwovens and verifying the property of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the material being delivered to the customer.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5.2 The procedure in this test method may be used for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- acceptance testing of commercial shipments, but caution is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. advised since information about between-laboratory precision
is incomplete. Comparative tests in accordance with 5.2.1 are
2. Referenced Documents
advisable.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
reported test results when using the procedures in this test
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precisions and Bias in
purchaser and the manufacturer should conduct comparative
ASTM Test Methods tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties
should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous
3. Terminology
as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of other textile terms used in
question. The test specimen then should be randomly assigned
this test method, refer to Terminology D 123.D 123
in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
results from the two laboratories should be compared using the
3.2.1 nonwoven fabric, n—a textile structure produced by
appropriate Student’s t-test and an acceptable probability level
bonding or interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by
chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is
mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means or by a
found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the
combination thereof.
purchaser and the manufacturer must agree to interpret future
test results with consideration to the known bias.
4. Summary of Test Method
6. Apparatus
4.1 A specimen of specified area is weighed and the
mass/unit area calculated.
6.1 Balance, having a weighing accuracy of6 0.0002 g.
6.2 Steel Rule, at least 30 cm (12 in.) in length, with
subdivisions of 0.5 mm (0.02 in.).
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.64 on Non-Woven Fabric
NOTE 1—The use of cutting dies of known dimensions is recommended
Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published September 1998.
for cutting the test specimens required in 7.3.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D6242–98
7. Sampling 8.3 Upon written agreement between partied involved in the
testing, such as a material specification, contract or similar
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
document, the conditioning specified in 8.1 and 8.2 may be
take at random the number of rolls, or pieces, of nonwoven
omitted.
fabric directed in an applicable material specification or other
agreement between the purchaser and the supplies. Consider
9. Procedure
the rolls, or pieces, of nonwoven fabric to be the primary
9.1 Determine the length and width of each of the speci-
sampling units. In the absence of such an agreement, take the
mens to6 0.5 mm (6 0.02 in.).
number of nonwoven fabric rolls specified in Table 1.
9.2 Weigh each of the conditioned specimens separately on
NOTE 2—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
a calibrated balance to the nearest 0.1 %.
purchaserandsupplierrequirestakingintoaccountthevariabilitybetween
rolls or pieces of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll
10. Calculation
or pieces of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful
producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting
10.1 Calculate the area of each specimen using the follow-
quality level.
ing equation:
7.2 Laboratory Sample—For the laboratory sample, take a
A5 L3 W (1)
full width swatch of sufficient length along the selvage so that
where:
the requirements of 7.3 can be met.
2 2
A = area of specimen, mm (in. ),
7.2.1 The laboratory sample should be free from imperfec-
L
...

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This specification covers the general and physical requirements for greige fabrics woven from “E” electrical glass fiber yarns. The yarn shall be a continuous filament, free of any free alkali metal salts, such as soda or potash, and foreign particles, dirt, and other impurities. The fabric shall be furnished in rolls and shall be wound in spiral tubes. The materials shall be tested and shall conform to the following requirements: fabric count; yarn numbers for both the warp and filling yarns; filament diameter; strand construction; twist direction wherein the primary twist in the singles strands shall be “Z” twist and the final twist in the plied yarns shall be “S” twist; twist level; fabric weave type which shall include crowfoot, leno, mock leno, plain, eight-harness satin, and twelve-harness satin; mass per unit area; thickness; breaking strength; width including both selvages but excluding any feathered edges; fabric roll length, length between splices, and number of splices per roll; and ignition loss. The fabrics shall also be examined for defects such as bias or bowed filling; baggy, ridged, or wavy cloth; cut or tear; hole; spots, streaks, or stains; foreign inclusions; tender or weak spot; smash; broken, missing ends or picks; floats and skips; light and heavy marks; crease; waste; weave separation; brittle or fused area; selvage defects; selvage leno ends out; and feather edges.
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5.1 In general, these procedures are more suitable for testing woven fabrics than knit fabrics.  
5.2 Both test options in this test method are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Air permeability is an important factor in the performance of such textile materials as gas filters, fabrics for air bags, clothing, mosquito netting, parachutes, sails, tentage, and vacuum cleaners. In filtration, for example, efficiency is directly related to air permeability. Air permeability also can be used to provide an indication of the breathability of weather-resistant and rainproof fabrics, or of coated fabrics in general, and to detect changes during the manufacturing process.  
5.3 Performance specifications, both industrial and military, have been prepared on the basis of air permeability and are used in the purchase of fabrics where permeability is of interest.  
5.4 Construction factors and finishing techniques can have an appreciable effect upon air permeability by causing a change in the length of airflow paths through a fabric. Hot calendaring can be used to flatten fabric components, thus reducing...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the air permeability of textile fabrics.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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