ASTM D1184-98
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Adhesive Bonded Laminated Assemblies
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Adhesive Bonded Laminated Assemblies
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative properties of either metal or wood adhesive bonded assemblies when subjected to flexural stresses with standard shape specimens and under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, relative humidity, and testing technique. The test specimen and testing technique were designed to develop a large portion of shear forces between the laminae of the test piece when the load is applied, rather than to reduce shear stress to a minimum as is done in other ASTM test methods for flexural properties. This method is not applicable to assemblies made with nonrigid adherends. The data obtained are not suitable for design work.
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>
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Designation: D 1184 – 98
Standard Test Method for
Flexural Strength of Adhesive Bonded Laminated
Assemblies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1184; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds will depend on the conditions under
which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
purchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In order to
ensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, the manufacturer
of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of the following
variables:
(1) Procedure for preparation of surfaces prior to application of the adhesive, including the moisture
content of wood, the cleaning and drying of metal surfaces, and special surface treatments such as
sanding that are not specifically limited by the pertinent test method.
(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.
(3) Conditions for application of the adhesive including the rate of spread of thickness of film,
number of coats to be applied, whether to be applied to one or both surfaces, and the conditions of
drying where more than one coat is required.
(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, length of
time, and whether open or closed assembly is to be used.
(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time under
pressure, and the temperature of the assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether this
temperature is that of the glue line or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be maintained.
(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, including the
length of time, temperature, and relative humidity.
A range may be prescribed for any variable by the manufacturer of the adhesive if it can be assumed
by the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of such
values for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of the
adhesive.
1. Scope temperature, relative humidity, and testing technique. The test
specimen and testing technique were designed to develop a
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-
large portion of shear forces between the laminae of the test
parative properties of either metal or wood adhesive bonded
piece when the load is applied, rather than to reduce shear
assemblies when subjected to flexural stresses with standard
stress to a minimum as is done in other ASTM test methods for
shape specimens and under defined conditions of pretreatment,
flexural properties. This method is not applicable to assemblies
made with nonrigid adherends. The data obtained are not
This test method is under the jursidiction of ASTM Committee D-14 on suitable for design work.
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Bonding Adhesives.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for infomation
Current eddition approved April. 10, 1998. Published February l999. Originally
purposes.
published as D 1184 – 51. Last previous edition D 1184 – 93.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 1184
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the the one loading part of the testing machine so that the rounded
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the nose of the loading piece on the other loading part is centered
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- between the supports.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6.4 Micrometers—Suitable calibrated micrometers, reading
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to at least 0.025 6 0.001 mm (0.001 6 0.0005 in.) is used for
measuring the width and thickness of the test specimen.
2. Referenced Documents
6.5 Conditioning Room or Desiccators—A conditioning
2.1 ASTM Standards:
room capable of maintaining a relative humidity of 50 6 2%
D 907 Terminology of Adhesives
at 23 6 1.1°C (73.4 6 2°F), or desiccators filled with a
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
saturated salt solution (Note 1) to give a relative humidity of 50
6 2 % at 23 6 1.1°C (73.4 6 2°F).
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—A saturated solution of calcium nitrate will give approxi-
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this test method are defined
mately 51 % relative humidity at 23°C in a closed container.
in Terminology D 907.
7. Test Specimens
4. Summary of Test Method
7.1 The specimen is a rectangular piece 38 mm (1.5 in.)
4.1 Test a specimen composed of eight bonded plies as a
long and 19.1 mm (0.75 in.) wide. The length of the specimen
simple beam loaded at the mid-span. Test at conditions of
is sufficient to allow an overhang of between 2.5 and 3.8 mm
standard temperature and humidity. Specimen flexural proper-
(0.1 and 0.15 in.) on each end. The specimens are machined
ties are compared by generating maximum shear stress in metal
from laminated panels consisting of eight plies of 0.3-mm
specimens and flexural strength of wood specimens using
(0.01-in.) thick adherend material. Each ply is coated with
standard formulas.
adhesive on both sides with an even spread, and bonded. The
5. Significance and Use
mixing procedure, weight of spread, drying conditions, and
assembly time conforms to the manufacturer’s directions. The
5.1 This test method is designed for both wood and metal
maximum shear stress is developed at the neutral surface
bonded specimens.
approximately midway between the top and bottom of the
5.2 The test method provides a means to compare flexural
beam. Thus it is important to have an even number of plies of
properties between assemblies.
adherend material, so that the adhesive is in the center. Since
5.3 The data are reduced to a comparable basis by means of
failure by delamination probably begins in the center layer of
the formulas given in 11.1 and 11.2. It is recognized that these
adhesive, special care should be exercised in the preparation of
formulas do not apply rigidly to tests made in the manner
this part of the specimen.
described in this method, but serve only to reduce the data to
7.2 Wood Specimens—The wood panel specimens are pre-
a comparable basis.
pared from 0.2 mm (0.01-in.)-thick quar
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