D14.80 - Metal Bonding Adhesives

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the comparative cleavage strength properties of metal-to-metal adhesive bonds. The testing machine shall be capable of maintaining the rate of loading and shall compose of fixed member, movable member, and grips. Test specimens shall consist of metal pieces glued together according to the prescribed dimensions indicated in this standard method. Recommended metal specimens are the following: brass, copper, aluminum, steel, and phosphor bronze. Bonding and conditioning of specimen shall be done according to the procedure specified by the manufacturer of the adhesive. Testing procedure shall be in accordance to the load rate limits specified in this standard method. Cleavage strength shall be expressed in pounds per inch and shall be reported in three significant figures in addition to the following information: adhesive identification, preparation method, adhesive layer thickness, conditioning procedure used, testing room condition, specimen number, and loading rate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative cleavage properties of adhesive bonds when tested on standard shape metal specimens under specified conditions of preparation and testing. It may be used also to compare adhesives used with other metallic materials having any specified surface treatment.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This test method is primarily intended for determining the relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between flexible adherends by means of a T-type specimen using a tension testing machine. The bent, unbonded ends of the test specimen shall be clamped in the test grips of the tension testing machine and a load of a constant head speed shall be applied. An autographic recording of the load versus the head movement or load versus distance peeled shall be made. The peel resistance over a specified length of the bond line after the initial peak shall be determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is primarily intended for determining the relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between flexible adherends by means of a T-type specimen.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tension tests provide reasonably accurate information with regard to the tensile strength of adhesives. Tensile strength data may be suitable for specification acceptance, service evaluation, manufacturing control, research, and development. Tension tests are not considered significant for applications differing from the test in rate, direction, and type of loading.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative tensile strength of adhesives by the use of bar- and rod-shaped butt-joined specimens under defined conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is applicable to the testing of adhesives with various adherend materials in either similar or dissimilar combinations.  
Note 1: An alternative test method for determining the tensile strength of adhesives is Test Method D897.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thread-locking adhesives are often used on threaded fasteners in sealing applications. This test method is used to determine an adhesive's ability to provide sealing capabilities under specified conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ability of adhesives used for locking and sealing threaded fasteners, to make leak-tight assemblies.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures outlined in this practice are designed to standardize the exposure of adhesive-bonded specimens for the purpose of studying the effects of ionizing radiation, but have been made flexible enough so that a large variety of conditions may be met within the scope of this one irradiation method. Because of this flexibility in the procedures, it is important that the experimenter have some idea of the kind of changes that will occur, and of the conditions that will affect these changes.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to define conditions for the exposure of polymeric adhesives in bonded specimens to ionizing radiation prior to determination of radiation-induced changes in physical or chemical properties. This recommended practice specifically covers the following kinds of radiation: gamma or X-ray radiation, electron or beta radiation, neutrons, and mixtures of these such as reactor radiation.  
1.2 This practice specifies only the conditions of irradiation but does not cover the preparation of test specimens, testing conditions, or the evaluation of test. These are covered in the various ASTM methods or specifications for specific materials.  
1.3 This practice covers procedures for the following five types of exposure:
Procedure A—Exposure at ambient conditions.
Procedure B—Exposure at controlled temperature.
Procedure C—Exposure in a medium other than air.
Procedure D—Exposure under load.
Procedure E—Exposure combining two or more of the variables listed in Procedures A to D.  
Note 1: The problems of measuring the properties of materials during irradiation involve shielding and remote control facilities and are, therefore, not considered in this practice.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5.1 Electrical Hazard: Warning—The users of this practice must be aware that there are inherent dangers associated with the use of electrical instrumentation and that this practice cannot and will not substitute for a practical knowledge of the instrument used for a particular procedure.  
1.5.2 Radio Frequency: Warning—Persons with pacemakers may be affected by the radio frequency.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures outlined in this practice are designed to standardize the test specimens, surface preparations, combinations of materials, and adhesive selection. Because of the flexibility in the procedure, it is important to have some idea of the kind of properties that will be observed during testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes bar- and rod-type butt-joined adhesion test specimens and procedures for preparing and bonding them. The specimens are intended to be used with various adherend materials in like or unlike combinations for determining the strength properties of adhesives in accordance with Test Method D2095.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are considered to be the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Adhesives can be exposed to both electrical potential and humidity in many electrical and electronic applications. It is therefore desirable to provide a means of examining the corrosive tendencies of certain adhesives towards metals.  
5.2 Although electrolytic corrosion is a direct result of ionic conduction in the adhesive, the nature of the exposed metals will have a bearing on both the severity of metal attack and the visibility of corrosion products. Because it gives a visual indication of corrosion and because of its widespread use in electrical circuits, copper is used in this practice. However, this would not preclude the use of other metals for specific interests.  
5.3 This procedure is a subjective test in that determinations of the presence of corrosion is based on a visual inspection for a green discoloration or other evidence of corrosion.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of whether an adhesive has any corrosive effect on copper. It is ordinarily intended to distinguish materials that might cause corrosion in electrical and electronic equipment. This procedure is a subjective test for which precision and accuracy have not been established. It is not recommended for adhesives on backing.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The combination of stress and moisture decreases the durability of most adhesive joints. Stresses in the presence of water or water vapor may cause some adhesive joints to fail at some small fraction of the stress required to break the dry joint. The time to failure for a given adhesive joint generally decreases with increasing stress, temperature, and relative humidity.  
4.2 This test method may be used as an accelerated screening test for assessing the durability of adhesive joints. It may be used to measure durability of adhesive joints exposed outdoors or to environmental conditions experienced by adhesive joints in service. The tests may also be used to determine the effects of various surface preparations or substrates on durabilities of adhesive joints.  
4.3 The durability performance of various adhesives may be compared by using this test method under uniform sets of conditions. To assess the overall durability of a given adhesive, lap-shear joints should be tested under a range of stress, relative humidity, and temperature. For a specific end use it may be possible to obtain the needed durability data using only one set of test conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers data for assessing the durability of adhesive lap-shear joints while stressed in contact with air, air in equilibrium with certain solutions, water, aqueous solutions, or other environments at various temperatures.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.4.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are considered to be the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in that the joint configuration closely simulates the actual joint configuration of many bonded assemblies. Surface preparation of the adherends can affect the apparent shear strength of the adhesive and can be one of the variables under study.  
4.2 This test method is also useful as an in-process quality control test for laminated assemblies. In practice the laminated assembly is either made over size and test specimens removed from it or a percentage of the assemblies are destructively tested.  
4.3 The misuse of strength values obtained from this test method as design allowable stress values for structural joints could lead to product failure, property damage, and human injury. The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtained from a given small single-lap specimen may differ from that obtained from a joint made with different adherends or by a different bonding process. The normal variation of temperature and moisture in the service environment causes the adherends and the adhesive to swell and shrink. The adherends and adhesive are likely to have different thermal and moisture coefficients of expansion.  
4.3.1 Even in small specimens, short-term environmental changes can induce internal stresses or chemical changes in the adhesive that permanently affect the apparent strength and other mechanical properties of the adhesive. The problem of predicting joint behavior in a changing environment is even more difficult if a different type of adherend is used in a larger structural joint than was used in the small specimen.  
4.4 The apparent shear strength measured with a single-lap specimen is not suitable for determining design allowable stresses for designing structural joints that differ in any manner from the joints tested without thorough analysis and understanding of the joint and adhesive behaviors.  
4.5 Single-lap tests may be used for comparing and selecting adhesives or bonding processes for susceptibility to fatigue...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method (Note 1) is intended for determining the comparative shear strengths of adhesives in large area joints when tested on a standard single-lap-joint specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and testing. Adhesives respond differently in small versus large area joints (Note 2).
Note 1: While this test method is intended for use in metal-to-metal applications, it may be used for measuring the shear properties of adhesives using plastic adherends, provided consideration is given to the thickness and rigidity of the plastic adherends. Doublers or bonded tabs may be required for plastic adherends to prevent bearing failure in the adherends.
Note 2: This variation can be influenced by adhesive density, flow characteristics, cure rate, gel time, carrier composition, entrapped volatiles, volatiles released during cure, etc. and also by cure cycle variables including: temperature, time, pressure, rise rate to temperature, cool-down rate, etc. In addition to the processing variables joint size changes the level of constraint on the adhesive as well as the influence of induced tensile loads at the edge of the joint during mechanical or thermal loading.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a subjective test in that determinations of degree of corrosivity is based upon a visual inspection for a green discoloration or other evidence of corrosion.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to determine whether an adhesive material, cured or uncured, is corrosive to a metal. It is a general test method intended to screen out those materials that give a visible sign of corrosion.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice may be used to determine the performance, for suitable materials, in terms of any desired strength property of adhesive bonds. Test conditions of temperature and moisture only are here specified. The duration of exposure is dependent upon the nature of the adhesive and the type of specimens and will, therefore, be covered by material specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice defines conditions for determining the performance of adhesive bonds when subjected to continuous exposure at specified conditions of moisture and temperature. The performance is expressed as a percentage based on the ratio of strength retained after exposure to the original strength.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to determine comparative rather than fundamental measurements of adhesion and is particularly suitable for process control, some examples of which are listed.  
5.1.1 This test method is particularly sensitive to adherend surface preparation and is of value where the adhesive is used in conjunction with a primer.  
5.1.2 When a relatively brittle adhesive is used, the peel resistance can often give an indication of the degree of cure, that is, higher values than normally realized may indicate an incomplete cure. Direct comparison of different adhesives or processes can only be made when specimen design and test conditions are identical.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the peel resistance of adhesive bonds between: a relatively flexible adherend and a rigid adherend; and the relatively flexible facing of a sandwich structure and its core, when tested under specified conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The combination of stress and moisture decreases the durability of most adhesive joints. Stresses in the presence of water or water vapor may cause some adhesive joints to fail at some small fraction of the stress required to break the dry joint. The time to failure for a given adhesive joint generally decreases with increasing stress, temperature, and relative humidity.  
4.2 This test method may be used as an accelerated screening test for assessing the durability of adhesive joints. It may be used to measure durability of adhesive joints exposed outdoors or to environmental conditions experienced by adhesive joints in service. It may also be used to determine the effects of various surface preparations or substrates on durabilities of adhesive joints.  
4.3 The durability performance of various adhesives may be compared by using this test method under uniform sets of conditions. To assess the overall durability of a given adhesive, T-peel joints should be tested under a range of stress, relative humidity, and temperature. For a specific end use it may be possible to obtain the needed durability data using only one set of test conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides data for assessing the durabilities of adhesive joints by means of T-peel type specimens stressed in contact with air, air in equilibrium with certain solutions, water, aqueous solutions, or other environments at various temperatures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides information on the creep of bonded metal parts subjected to combined effects of temperature, shear, and time.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the amount of creep of metal-to-metal adhesive bonds due to the combined effects of temperature, tensile shear stress, and time.  
Note 1: Since the characteristics that render a material resistant to creep under the condition of test are not yet completely known, the details of the procedure considered herein are those known to have important influences. Since other equally important characteristics may be discovered in the future, the recommended details are largely advisory in nature.  
1.2 Test periods depend upon the reasonable life expected from the material in service. The uncertainties of extrapolation should be considered in deciding upon the length of the test.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 While this test method is intended for use in metal-to-metal applications it may be used for measuring the fatigue properties of adhesives using plastic adherends, provided consideration is given to the thickness of the plastic adherends. Doublers may be required for plastic adherends to prevent bearing failure in the adherends.  
4.2 A variation in the thickness of the adherends can influence the test results. For this reason, the thickness of the sheets used to make the test specimens should be specified in the material specification. When no thickness is specified, metal adherends 1.63 mm (0.064 in.) thick are recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of fatigue strength in shear by tension loading of adhesives on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation, loading, and testing.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Adhesives can fail under a sudden impact load and not under a slowly applied load of the same or greater force.  
4.2 This test method can be used to compare the sensitivity of various adhesives to suddenly applied loads.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative impact strength of adhesive bonds in shear, when tested on standard specimens under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed for both wood and metal bonded specimens.  
5.2 The test method provides a means to compare flexural properties between assemblies.  
5.3 The data are reduced to a comparable basis by means of the formulas given in 11.1 and 11.2. It is recognized that these formulas do not apply rigidly to tests made in the manner described in this method, but serve only to reduce the data to a comparable basis.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative properties of either metal or wood adhesive bonded assemblies when subjected to flexural stresses with standard shape specimens and under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, relative humidity, and testing technique. The test specimen and testing technique were designed to develop a large portion of shear forces between the laminae of the test piece when the load is applied, rather than to reduce shear stress to a minimum as is done in other ASTM test methods for flexural properties. This method is not applicable to assemblies made with nonrigid adherends. The data obtained are not suitable for design work.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information purposes.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Note 2: Crack growth in adhesive bond specimens can proceed in two ways: (1) by a slow-stable extension where the crack velocity is dictated by the crosshead rate or (2) by a run-arrest extension where the stationary crack abruptly jumps ahead outrunning the crosshead-predicted rate. The first type of crack extension is denoted flat; the second type peaked because of the appearance of the autographic record. The flat behavior is characteristic of adhesives or test temperatures, or both, for these adhesives where there is no difference between initiation, G1c, and arrest, G1a. For example, the rubber modified film adhesives tested above −17.8°C (0°F) all exhibit flat autographic records. Peaked curves are exhibited for all modified materials tested below −73°C (−100°F) and in general for unmodified epoxies.
It should be noted that both peaked and flat behaviors are determined from a crack-length-independent specimen. For other specimens or structures where G  increases with a at constant load the onset of crack growth would result in rapid complete fracturing whatever the adhesive characteristics.  
5.1 The property G1c (and G1a if relevant) determined by this test method characterizes the resistance of a material to slow-stable or run-arrest fracturing in a neutral environment in the presence of a sharp crack under severe tensile constraint, such that the state of stress near the crack front approaches tritensile plane strain, and the crack-tip plastic region is small compared with the crack size and specimen dimensions in the constraint direction. It has not been proven that tough adhesive systems fully meet this criteria. Therefore, data developed using equations based on this assumption may not represent plane-strain fracture values. Comparison of fracture toughness between adhesive systems widely different in brittleness or toughness should take this into consideration. In general, systems of similar type toughness (6, 7, 8, 9, 10) can be compared as can t...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)2 covers the determination of fracture strength in cleavage of adhesives when tested on standard specimens and under specified conditions of preparation and testing (Note 1).  
1.2 This test method is useful in that it can be used to develop design parameters for bonded assemblies.  
Note 1: While this test method is intended for use in metal-to-metal applications it may be used for measuring fracture properties of adhesives using plastic adherends, provided consideration is given to the thickness and rigidity of the plastic adherends.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
The specification covers a two-part modified epoxy paste adhesive for bonding metallic and nonmetallic materials. The adhesive should be suitable for forming bonds that can withstand environmental exposure to a certain temperature range when exposed to an expected combination of stress, temperature, and relative humidity to be encountered in service. Two types of adhesive shall be classified according to composition. Type I which consists of two-part kits of liquid base and modified amide liquid accelerator. Type I is further subdivided into two grades: Grade 1 with low viscosity and Grade 2 with high viscosity. The other classification is Type II which consists of premixed, frozen, Type I, Grade 1 or Type I, Grade 2. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of the adhesives: room-temperature shear, high-temperature shear, low-temperature shear, room-temperature Shore D hardness, room-temperature T-peel, and outgassing characteristics such as total mass loss and vacuum condensable material.
SCOPE
1.1 The specification covers a two-part modified epoxy paste adhesive for bonding metallic and nonmetallic materials. The adhesive should be suitable for forming bonds that can withstand environmental exposure to temperatures from –184 to 82 °C [–300 to 180 °F] when exposed to an expected combination of stress, temperature, and relative humidity to be encountered in service.
Note 1: When coordinated through the Department of Defense (DoD) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), this practice will be a direct replacement of MIL-A-82720 (OS), MIS-26872, and MSFC-SPEC-2037.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many of the tests that have been employed in the past to evaluate thread sealant products have not consistently targeted the most significant product features of a thread sealant. For instance, one of a thread sealant's primary performance features is its ability to maintain a seal under a range of conditions. The procedures in this test method assess the important characteristic properties of a thread sealant.  
5.2 Because of the variability of the test specimens and the techniques employed by each operator, the assembly and test procedures and the testing apparatus have been designed to reduce the variability of the test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures used to assemble, evaluate and test pipe thread sealants.  
1.2 Test procedures included in this test method are cure speed versus temperature, primer cure, instant seal/sealability, heat aging, solvent resistance, hot strength, steam resistance, and specimen preparation for high pressure testing.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Insulating materials are used to isolate components of an electrical system from each other and from ground, as well as to provide mechanical support for the components. For this purpose, it is generally desirable to have the insulation resistance as high as possible, consistent with acceptable mechanical, chemical, and heat-resisting properties. Since insulation resistance or conductance combines both volume and surface resistance or conductance, its measured value is most useful when the test specimen and electrodes have the same form as is required in actual use. Surface resistance or conductance changes rapidly with humidity, while volume resistance or conductance changes slowly although the final change may eventually be greater.  
4.2 Resistivity or conductivity is used to predict, indirectly, the low-frequency dielectric breakdown and dissipation factor properties of some materials. Resistivity or conductivity is often used as an indirect measure of moisture content, degree of cure, mechanical continuity, and deterioration of various types. The usefulness of these indirect measurements is dependent on the degree of correlation established by supporting theoretical or experimental investigations. A decrease of surface resistance will result either in an increase of the dielectric breakdown voltage because the electric field intensity is reduced, or a decrease of the dielectric breakdown voltage because the area under stress is increased.  
4.3 All the dielectric resistances or conductances depend on the length of time of electrification and on the value of applied voltage (in addition to the usual environmental variables). These must be known to make the measured value of resistance or conductance meaningful.  
4.4 Volume resistivity or conductivity is used as an aid in designing an insulator for a specific application. The change of resistivity or conductivity with temperature and humidity may be great, and must be known when designing for operating co...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing adhesives in liquid, highly viscous, solid, or set states, that are intended to be cured by electronic heating, or that are intended to provide electrical insulation, or that are intended for use in electrical apparatus.  
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
(1) Procedure for Testing Adhesives Before Use:    
Section  
Power Factor and Dielectric Constant of Liquid Adhesives  
7  
Direct-Current Conductivity  
8  
Extract Conductivity  
9  
Acidity and Alkalinity  
10  
pH Value  
11
(2) Procedures for Testing Properties of Adhesives As Used:    
Section  
Power Factor and Dielectric Constant of a Dried or Cured Adhesive Film  
12  
Dielectric Strength  
13  
Volume and Surface Resistivity  
14  
Arc Resistance  
15  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 8.2.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a two-part flowable space grade silicone rubber room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) adhesive or compound. This specification provides material requirements and testing procedures to differentiate between the physical, mechanical, electrical, and adhesive bonding properties of three types of RTV silicone rubber compounds. RTV low volatile silicone rubber compounds shall be classified as type I, type II, and type III. The silicone rubber material shall be tested for specific gravity, resin weight, viscosity, humidity, work life, tensile shear strength, tensile strength, elongation, dielectric strength, dielectric constant, volume resistivity, outgassing characteristics, total mass loss, volatile condensable material, and storage life.
SCOPE
1.1 The specification covers a two-part flowable space grade room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber adhesive or compound. The material is specifically designed for applications requiring extreme low temperature, low outgassing and minimal volatile condensibles under extreme operating conditions. The RTV silicone rubber should be suitable for withstanding environmental exposure to temperatures from –115 to 200°C (–175 to 392°F). The material should also withstand the combination of stress, temperature, and relative humidity expected to be encountered in service. The RTV silicone rubber may be used as a sealing, caulking, potting or bonding material for applications on metal, plastics, rubber, glass, and ceramic products. Types I and II are often used as coatings.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement refers to the test method portion only, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is primarily comparative. However, it does have application as a discriminator in determining variations in adherend surface preparation parameters and adhesive environmental durability. The test method has found applications in controlling surface preparations, primer, and adhesive systems for determining strength properties of tested systems.  
4.2 The misuse of strength values obtained from this test method as design-allowable stress values for structural joints could lead to product failure, property damage, and human injury. The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtained from a given small single-lap specimen may differ from that obtained from a joint made with different adherends or by a different bonding process. The normal variation of temperature and moisture in the service environment causes the adherends and the adhesive to swell or shrink. The adherends and adhesive are likely to have different thermal and moisture coefficients of expansion.  
4.3 Even in small specimens, short-term environmental changes may induce internal stresses or chemical changes in the adhesive that permanently affect the apparent strength and other mechanical properties of the adhesive. The problem of predicting joint behavior in a changing environment is even more difficult if a different type of adherend is used in a larger structural joint than was used in the small specimen.  
4.4 The apparent shear strength measured with a single-lap specimen is not suitable for determining design-allowable stresses for designing structural joints that differ in any manner from the joints tested without thorough analysis and understanding of the joint and adhesive behaviors.  
4.5 Single-lap tests may be used for comparing and selecting adhesives or bonding processes for susceptibility to fatigue and environmental changes, but such comparisons must be made with great caution since different adhesives may respond differently in different joints. See Guide D4896 f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent shear strengths of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard single-lap-joint specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These practices provide information on the resistance to cyclic laboratory aging.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover the determination of the resistance of adhesives to cyclic accelerated service conditions by exposing bonded specimens to conditions of high and low temperatures and high and low relative humidities. The extent of degradation is determined from changes in strength properties as a result of exposure to the test conditions (Note 1). It is recognized that no accelerated procedure for degrading materials correlates perfectly with actual service conditions, and that no single or small group of laboratory test conditions will simulate all actual service conditions. Consequently, care must be exercised in the interpretation and use of data obtained in this practice. The test condition, the number of cycles of the test condition to be used, the particular strength property to be used to determine the extent of degradation, and whether test specimens or test panels are to be used, are specified in the material specification.  
Note 1: These practices/conditions are intended for use with specimens described in the approved ASTM strength test methods for adhesives as follows:
Test Methods D897, D903, D906, D950, D1002, D1062, and Test Method D1344.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to determine the stress-strain properties of an adhesive in shear and to establish the proportional-limit of the stress-stain relationship. This data may be useful for the design and analysis of adhesively bonded joints.  
5.2 This test method is not intended to determine adhesion characteristics of an adhesive to a particular substrate; rather this test method is intended to characterize the adhesive shear stress-strain properties that may be relevant for design considerations.  
5.3 This test method has been developed and applied using bonded aluminum adherends. At this time no assumptions regarding the validity of this test method with non-aluminum adherends can be made.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the preparation and testing of thick-adherend lap-shear samples for the determination of the stress-strain behavior of adhesives.  
1.2 This test method covers data reduction and analysis of stress-strain curves obtained using thick-adherend lap-shear samples.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.3.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use this test method for acceptance and process control testing. This test method may be used as an alternative to Test Method D1781 when that facility is not available. This test method is considered more severe since the angle of peel is greater.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between one rigid adherend and one flexible adherend when tested under specified conditions of preparation and testing.  
1.2 A variation in thickness of the adherends will generally influence the test values. For this reason, the thickness of the sheets used to make the test specimens shall be specified in the material specification. When no thickness is specified, the flexible adherend shall be 0.63 mm (0.025 in.) thick and the rigid adherend shall be 1.63 mm (0.064 in.) thick.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used as an accelerated screening test for assessing the strength properties of adhesives and adhesive joints at subzero temperatures. This test method may also be used to determine the effects of various surface preparations, substrates, or adhesive systems on the durability of the adhesive joints at subzero temperatures.  
4.2 Tensile shear strengths of various adhesives, surface preparations, and substrates may be compared by using this test method for uniform sets of conditions. To assess the overall tensile shear strength of a given adhesive, surface preparation, and substrate should be tested under a range of stress and temperatures. For a specific end use, the needed strength properties using only one set of test conditions may be obtained.  
4.3 The misuse of strength values obtained from this test method as design-allowable stress values for structural joints could lead to product failure, property damage, and human injury.  
4.3.1 The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtained from a given small single-lap specimen may differ from that obtained from a joint made with different adherends or by a different bonding process. The normal variation of temperature and moisture in the service environment causes the adherends and the adhesive to swell or shrink. The adherends and adhesive are likely to have different thermal and moisture coefficients of expansion. Even in small specimens, short-term environment changes can induce internal stresses of chemical changes in the adhesive that permanently affect the apparent strength and other properties of the adhesive.  
4.3.2 The problem of predicting joint behavior in a changing environment is even more difficult if a different type of adherend is used in a larger structural joint than was used in the small specimen.  
4.3.3 The apparent shear strength measured with a single-lap specimen is not suitable for determining design-allowable stresses for designing structural joints that ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strength of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and testing at extreme subzero temperatures.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from -267.8 to -55°C (-450 to -67°F).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in 8.3.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedures for the determination of the comparative peel or stripping strength characteristics of adhesive bonds when tested on standard-sized specimens and under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, and testing machine speed. This method requires the use of a power-driven testing machine with a constant rate-of-jaw separation or of the inclination balance or pendulum type, and conditioning room or desiccator.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative peel or stripping characteristics of adhesive bonds when tested on standard-sized specimens and under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, and testing machine speed.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Durable adhesive bonds between metal to metal, metal to composites can be obtained reliably only through proper selection and careful control of the materials used and the steps in the bonding process. The preparation of the metallic substrates to obtain surfaces with appropriate characteristics is a critical step. Improper surface preparation can produce seemingly acceptable bonds that can degrade rapidly with time. This guide describes one method on how to properly prepare aluminum surfaces can be obtained.  
4.2 The formation of reproducible, durable, adhesive bonds in structural assemblies requires great care in the selection of materials, the preparation of the surfaces of the components to be bonded, the fit of the components, and the performance of the steps in the bonding process. Experience has shown that when adhesively bonded aluminum surfaces which have been prepared in accordance with this guide produce relatively reproducible, durable bonds.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the requirements for phosphoric acid anodizing of aluminum and its alloys for structural adhesive bonding.  
1.2 The procedure included herein is based on the commercial practice of numerous agencies and organizations. The method may be revised or supplemented, as necessary, to include methods based on proven performance.  
1.3 The surface preparation of metal systems used for qualification and quality-control testing of the adhesive should be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the user.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precaution is given in 5.5.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate measurement of the volume resistivity of conductive adhesives is important, particularly with respect to applications in electronic packaging techniques. This method measures the resistance of conductive adhesives used in thin films as part of a bonded assembly. This does not imply that the measured results are applicable to different configurations with different metals. This method may be used for acceptance testing and for screening materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volume resistivity of resin-based conductive adhesives in the cured condition. The test is made on a thin adhesive layer as prepared in a bonded specimen. This test method is used for conductive adhesives that are cured either at room temperature or at elevated temperatures.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI or other units shall be regarded separately as standard. SI equivalents to screw threads are shown in the figures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is designed to determine the general effects of chemical reagents on the strength of the bonded system. It cannot distinguish between adsorption in the bulk adhesive or penetration at the adhesive/substrate interface.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a uniform procedure for the exposure of adhesively bonded substrates to selected environments. This practice also provides for a qualitative measure of the adhesive bond strength using existing standard methods after exposure.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see Section 8.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in research and development for comparison of creep properties of adhesives, particularly as those properties are affected by changes in adhesive formulation or expected service conditions, including temperature, moisture level, and duration of loading.  
4.2 The relative size and simplicity of design of the spring-loaded apparatus permits easy portability and transfer from one environment to the next without disturbing static loads.  
4.3 The relative simplicity of design with inexpensive materials permits replication of creep tests at relatively low costs.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creep properties of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and subjected to certain conditions of temperature and tensile stress in a spring-loaded testing apparatus.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from −55 to +260°C (−67 to +500°F).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides reasonably accurate information with regard to the ability of UV curing adhesives to withstand torsional shearing forces. It may be used to determine the effect of environment on torsional shear strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the simplistic comparison of strengths of glass/metal joints when the adhesive is cured by ultraviolet (UV) radiation and standard specimens are used and tested under specified conditions of preparation, radiation, and load.  
1.2 This test method involves torque loading UV-bonded hexagonal metal blocks to glass plates.  
1.3 This test method may be used to obtain comparative torque strength-to-failure data for other bonded joint systems, radiation cured or not.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in research and development for comparison of creep properties of adhesives, particularly as those properties are affected by changes in adhesive formulation or expected service conditions, including temperature, moisture level, and duration of loading.  
4.2 The relative size and simplicity of design of the spring-loaded apparatus permits easy portability and transfer from one environment to the next without disturbing static loads.  
4.3 The relative simplicity of design with inexpensive materials permits replication of creep tests at relatively low costs.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creep properties of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and subjected to certain conditions of temperature and compressive stress in a spring-loaded testing apparatus.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Comparative strength of adhesive bonds at elevated temperatures allows for better selection of adhesives that must perform at temperatures above normal. This test method is useful in supplying such information.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and testing at elevated temperatures.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from 315 to 850°C (600 to 1500°F).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is primarily comparative. However, it does have application as a discriminator in determining variations in adherend surface preparation parameters and adhesive environmental durability. The test method has found applications in controlling surface preparations, primer, and adhesive systems for determining strength properties of tested systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative tensile properties of the adhesive bonds of metal to metal when tested on standard shape specimens and under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, and testing machine speed.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Single-lap specimens are economical, practical, and easy to make. They are the most widely used specimens for development, evaluation, and comparative studies involving adhesives and bonded products, including manufacturing quality control.  
4.2 Special specimens and test methods have been developed that yield accurate estimates of the true shear strength of adhesives. These methods eliminate or minimize many of the deficiencies of the thin-adherend single-lap specimens, but are more difficult to make and test. (See Test Methods D3983, D4027, D4562, and E229.)  
4.3 The misuse of strength values obtained from such Test Methods or Practices as D906, D1002, D1144, D1151, D1183, D1780, D2294, D2295, D2339, D3163, D3164, D3165, D3434, D3528, D3632, and D5868, as allowable design-stress values for structural joints could lead to product failure, property damage, and human injury.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is directed toward the safe and appropriate use of strength values obtained from test methods using single-lap adhesive joint specimens.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The discussion focuses on shear strength as measured with small thin-adherend, single-lap specimens. Many factors, however, apply to shear modulus, tensile strength, and tensile modulus measured by small laboratory specimens in general. This discussion is limited to single-lap specimens and shear strength only for simplification.

ABSTRACT
This guide covers procedures for preparing various wrought metal surfaces for adhesive bonding. Surface treatment methods involving both mechanical and chemical techniques are included for aluminum alloys, stainless steel, carbon steel, titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, and copper and copper alloys. For aluminum alloys: vapor or non-etching alkaline degreasing; sulfuric acid-sodium dichromate or sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate solution etching; phosphoric and sulfuric acid anodizing; propriety cleaning; secondary bonding; brush plate bond etching; mechanical abrasion; electrochemical cleaning; and anodic etching may be used. For stainless steel: mechanical methods such as wire brushing, rubbing with metal wool, hand sanding, and dry sand, grit, or vapor blast honing; etching using sulfuric-nitric-hydrofluoric, hydrochloric-orthosphosphoric-hydrofluoric, sulfuric-sodium dichromate, sodium metasilicate, and hydrochloric-sulfuric-dichromate acid solutions; and vigorous scouring with wet cloth and commercial household cleaner may be used. Same mechanical methods as that employed in stainless steel and chemical etching by nitric-phosphoric acid solution may be used for carbon steel preparation. For titanium alloys: mechanical abrasion; hydrochloric-orthophosphoric-hydrofluoric acid solution etching; and chromic acid or fluoride anodizing may be used. Surface preparation for magnesium alloys which is closely associated with corrosion prevention shall involve vapor, alkaline-detergent solution, chromic acid, and sodium hydroxide acid degreasing; anodic treatment; and the use of conversion coatings and wash primers. Nitric acid-ferric chloride solution degreasing; sulfuric acid-dichromate-ferric sulfate solution etching; and chemical treatment by nitric-acid-sodium chlorite solutions may be used for copper and copper alloy preparation.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures that have proved satisfactory for preparing various wrought metal surfaces for adhesive bonding. It does not address the preparation of cast metals.  
1.2 Surface preparation methods are included for:    
Metal  
Section  
Aluminum Alloys  
7  
Stainless Steel  
8  
Carbon Steel  
9  
Titanium Alloys  
10  
Magnesium Alloys
Copper and Copper Alloys  
11
12  
1.3 Procedures included herein are based on the commercial practice of numerous agencies and organizations. The methods may be revised or supplemented, as necessary, to include methods based on proven performance.  
1.4 The surface preparation of metal systems used for qualification and quality control testing of the adhesive should be agreed upon by both manufacturer and user.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is designed to produce shear property data for the process control and specification of adhesives. This test method may also be useful for research and development of adhesives.  
4.2 Lap shear properties vary with specimen configuration preparation, speed, and environment of testing. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled and reported.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile shear strengths of adhesives for bonding metals when tested in an essentially peel-free standard specimen that develops adhesive stress distribution representative of that developed in a typical low-peel production-type structural joint. The reproducibility of the strengths achieved are directly related to conformance with specified conditions of preparation and testing.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tension tests provide reasonably accurate information with regard to the tensile strength of adhesives. Tensile strength data may be suitable for specification acceptance, service evaluation, manufacturing control, research, and development. Tension tests are not considered significant for applications differing from the test in rate, direction, and type of loading.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative tensile strength of adhesives by the use of bar- and rod-shaped butt-joined specimens under defined conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is applicable to the testing of adhesives with various adherend materials in either similar or dissimilar combinations.  
Note 1: An alternative test method for determining the tensile strength of adhesives is Test Method D897.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the comparative cleavage strength properties of metal-to-metal adhesive bonds. The testing machine shall be capable of maintaining the rate of loading and shall compose of fixed member, movable member, and grips. Test specimens shall consist of metal pieces glued together according to the prescribed dimensions indicated in this standard method. Recommended metal specimens are the following: brass, copper, aluminum, steel, and phosphor bronze. Bonding and conditioning of specimen shall be done according to the procedure specified by the manufacturer of the adhesive. Testing procedure shall be in accordance to the load rate limits specified in this standard method. Cleavage strength shall be expressed in pounds per inch and shall be reported in three significant figures in addition to the following information: adhesive identification, preparation method, adhesive layer thickness, conditioning procedure used, testing room condition, specimen number, and loading rate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative cleavage properties of adhesive bonds when tested on standard shape metal specimens under specified conditions of preparation and testing. It may be used also to compare adhesives used with other metallic materials having any specified surface treatment.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This test method is primarily intended for determining the relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between flexible adherends by means of a T-type specimen using a tension testing machine. The bent, unbonded ends of the test specimen shall be clamped in the test grips of the tension testing machine and a load of a constant head speed shall be applied. An autographic recording of the load versus the head movement or load versus distance peeled shall be made. The peel resistance over a specified length of the bond line after the initial peak shall be determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is primarily intended for determining the relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between flexible adherends by means of a T-type specimen.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Adhesives can be exposed to both electrical potential and humidity in many electrical and electronic applications. It is therefore desirable to provide a means of examining the corrosive tendencies of certain adhesives towards metals.  
5.2 Although electrolytic corrosion is a direct result of ionic conduction in the adhesive, the nature of the exposed metals will have a bearing on both the severity of metal attack and the visibility of corrosion products. Because it gives a visual indication of corrosion and because of its widespread use in electrical circuits, copper is used in this practice. However, this would not preclude the use of other metals for specific interests.  
5.3 This procedure is a subjective test in that determinations of the presence of corrosion is based on a visual inspection for a green discoloration or other evidence of corrosion.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of whether an adhesive has any corrosive effect on copper. It is ordinarily intended to distinguish materials that might cause corrosion in electrical and electronic equipment. This procedure is a subjective test for which precision and accuracy have not been established. It is not recommended for adhesives on backing.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in that the joint configuration closely simulates the actual joint configuration of many bonded assemblies. Surface preparation of the adherends can affect the apparent shear strength of the adhesive and can be one of the variables under study.  
4.2 This test method is also useful as an in-process quality control test for laminated assemblies. In practice the laminated assembly is either made over size and test specimens removed from it or a percentage of the assemblies are destructively tested.  
4.3 The misuse of strength values obtained from this test method as design allowable stress values for structural joints could lead to product failure, property damage, and human injury. The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtained from a given small single-lap specimen may differ from that obtained from a joint made with different adherends or by a different bonding process. The normal variation of temperature and moisture in the service environment causes the adherends and the adhesive to swell and shrink. The adherends and adhesive are likely to have different thermal and moisture coefficients of expansion.  
4.3.1 Even in small specimens, short-term environmental changes can induce internal stresses or chemical changes in the adhesive that permanently affect the apparent strength and other mechanical properties of the adhesive. The problem of predicting joint behavior in a changing environment is even more difficult if a different type of adherend is used in a larger structural joint than was used in the small specimen.  
4.4 The apparent shear strength measured with a single-lap specimen is not suitable for determining design allowable stresses for designing structural joints that differ in any manner from the joints tested without thorough analysis and understanding of the joint and adhesive behaviors.  
4.5 Single-lap tests may be used for comparing and selecting adhesives or bonding processes for susceptibility to fatigue...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method (Note 1) is intended for determining the comparative shear strengths of adhesives in large area joints when tested on a standard single-lap-joint specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and testing. Adhesives respond differently in small versus large area joints (Note 2).Note 1—While this test method is intended for use in metal-to-metal applications, it may be used for measuring the shear properties of adhesives using plastic adherends, provided consideration is given to the thickness and rigidity of the plastic adherends. Doublers or bonded tabs may be required for plastic adherends to prevent bearing failure in the adherends.Note 2—This variation can be influenced by adhesive density, flow characteristics, cure rate, gel time, carrier composition, entrapped volatiles, volatiles released during cure, etc. and also by cure cycle variables including: temperature, time, pressure, rise rate to temperature, cool-down rate, etc. In addition to the processing variables joint size changes the level of constraint on the adhesive as well as the influence of induced tensile loads at the edge of the joint during mechanical or thermal loading.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures outlined in this practice are designed to standardize the exposure of adhesive-bonded specimens for the purpose of studying the effects of ionizing radiation, but have been made flexible enough so that a large variety of conditions may be met within the scope of this one irradiation method. Because of this flexibility in the procedures, it is important that the experimenter have some idea of the kind of changes that will occur, and of the conditions that will affect these changes.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to define conditions for the exposure of polymeric adhesives in bonded specimens to ionizing radiation prior to determination of radiation-induced changes in physical or chemical properties. This recommended practice specifically covers the following kinds of radiation: gamma or X-ray radiation, electron or beta radiation, neutrons, and mixtures of these such as reactor radiation.  
1.2 This practice specifies only the conditions of irradiation but does not cover the preparation of test specimens, testing conditions, or the evaluation of test. These are covered in the various ASTM methods or specifications for specific materials.  
1.3 This practice covers procedures for the following five types of exposure:
Procedure A—Exposure at ambient conditions.
Procedure B—Exposure at controlled temperature.
Procedure C—Exposure in a medium other than air.
Procedure D—Exposure under load.
Procedure E—Exposure combining two or more of the variables listed in Procedures A to D. Note 1—The problems of measuring the properties of materials during irradiation involve shielding and remote control facilities and are, therefore, not considered in this practice.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5.1 Electrical Hazard: Warning—The users of this practice must be aware that there are inherent dangers associated with the use of electrical instrumentation and that this practice cannot and will not substitute for a practical knowledge of the instrument used for a particular procedure.  
1.5.2 Radio Frequency: Warning—Persons with pacemakers may be affected by the radio frequency.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thread-locking adhesives are often used on threaded fasteners in sealing applications. This test method is used to determine an adhesive's ability to provide sealing capabilities under specified conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ability of adhesives used for locking and sealing threaded fasteners, to make leak-tight assemblies.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures outlined in this practice are designed to standardize the test specimens, surface preparations, combinations of materials, and adhesive selection. Because of the flexibility in the procedure, it is important to have some idea of the kind of properties that will be observed during testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes bar- and rod-type butt-joined adhesion test specimens and procedures for preparing and bonding them. The specimens are intended to be used with various adherend materials in like or unlike combinations for determining the strength properties of adhesives in accordance with Test Method D2095.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are considered to be the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a subjective test in that determinations of degree of corrosivity is based upon a visual inspection for a green discoloration or other evidence of corrosion.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to determine whether an adhesive material, cured or uncured, is corrosive to a metal. It is a general test method intended to screen out those materials that give a visible sign of corrosion.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The combination of stress and moisture decreases the durability of most adhesive joints. Stresses in the presence of water or water vapor may cause some adhesive joints to fail at some small fraction of the stress required to break the dry joint. The time to failure for a given adhesive joint generally decreases with increasing stress, temperature, and relative humidity.  
4.2 This test method may be used as an accelerated screening test for assessing the durability of adhesive joints. It may be used to measure durability of adhesive joints exposed outdoors or to environmental conditions experienced by adhesive joints in service. The tests may also be used to determine the effects of various surface preparations or substrates on durabilities of adhesive joints.  
4.3 The durability performance of various adhesives may be compared by using this test method under uniform sets of conditions. To assess the overall durability of a given adhesive, lap-shear joints should be tested under a range of stress, relative humidity, and temperature. For a specific end use it may be possible to obtain the needed durability data using only one set of test conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers data for assessing the durability of adhesive lap-shear joints while stressed in contact with air, air in equilibrium with certain solutions, water, aqueous solutions, or other environments at various temperatures.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.4.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are considered to be the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice may be used to determine the performance, for suitable materials, in terms of any desired strength property of adhesive bonds. Test conditions of temperature and moisture only are here specified. The duration of exposure is dependent upon the nature of the adhesive and the type of specimens and will, therefore, be covered by material specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice defines conditions for determining the performance of adhesive bonds when subjected to continuous exposure at specified conditions of moisture and temperature. The performance is expressed as a percentage based on the ratio of strength retained after exposure to the original strength.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.