ASTM D6080-97

Standard Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids

SCOPE
1.1 This practice is applicable to all hydraulic fluids based either on petroleum, synthetic, or naturally-occurring base stocks. It is not intended for water-containing hydraulic fluids.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1996
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.N0.10 - Specifications

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D6080-97(2002) - Standard Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact
ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 6080 – 97 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
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Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6080; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope 2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standards:
J300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification
1.1 This practice is applicable to all hydraulic fluids based
J306 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Viscosity
either on petroleum, synthetic, or naturally-occurring base
Classification
stocks. It is not intended for water-containing hydraulic fluids.
1.2 For determination of viscosities at low temperature, this
3. Terminology
practice uses millipascal·second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscos-
3.1 Definitions:
ity. For reference, 1 mPa·s is equivalent to 1 centipoise (cP).
3.1.1 viscosity—the ratio between the applied shear stress
For determination of viscosities at high temperature, this
and shear rate.
2
practice uses millimetre squared per second (mm /s) as the unit
2 3.1.1.1 Discussion—Viscosity is sometimes called the coef-
of kinematic viscosity. For reference, 1 mm /s is equivalent to
ficient of dynamic viscosity. This coefficient is a measure of the
1 centistoke (cSt).
resistance to flow of the liquid.
1.3 This practice is applicable to fluids ranging in kinematic
3.1.2 kinematic viscosity—the ratio of the viscosity to the
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viscosity from about 4 to 150 mm /s as measured at a reference
density of a liquid.
temperature of 40°C and to temperatures from −50 to +16°C
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Kinematic viscosity is a measure of the
for a fluid viscosity of 750 mPa·s.
resistance to flow of a liquid under gravity.
NOTE 1—Fluids of lesser or greater viscosity than the range described
3.1.3 shear stress—the motivating force per unit area for
in 1.3 are seldom used as hydraulic fluids. Any mathematical extrapolation
fluid flow.
of the system to either higher or lower viscosity grades may not be
3.1.4 shear rate—the velocity gradient in fluid flow.
appropriate. Any need to expand the system should be evaluated on its
3.1.5 Newtonian fluid—a fluid that at a given temperature
own merit.
exhibits a constant viscosity at all shear rates or shear stresses.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.6 non-Newtonian fluid—a fluid that exhibits a viscosity
that varies with changing shear stress or shear rate.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.7 density—the mass per unit volume.
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
3.1.8 hydraulic fluid—a fluid used in hydraulic systems for
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
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transmitting power.
Viscosity)
3.1.9 viscosity index (VI)—an arbitrary number used to
D 2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
2
characterize the variation of the kinematic viscosity of a fluid
matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
with temperature.
D 2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by
2
3.1.10 shear degradation—the decrease in molecular
Viscosity System
weight of a polymeric thickener (VI improver) as a result of
D 2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of
exposure to high shear stress.
Automotive Fluid Lubricants Measured by Brookfield
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3.1.11 in-service viscosity—the viscosity of fluid during
Viscometer
operation of a hydraulic pump or circuit components.
D 5621 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Hydraulic
4 3.1.12 shear stability—the resistance of a polymer-
Fluids
thickened fluid to shear degradation.
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
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Determine Conformance with Specifications
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 High VI hydraulic fluids often contain high molecular
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum
weight thickeners, called viscosity index (VI) improvers,
Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.N on Hydraulic
which impart non-Newtonian characteristics to the fluid. These
Fluids.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1997. Published August 1997.
polymers may shear degrade with use, and reduce the in-
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
service viscosity of the fluids.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr.,
Warrendale, PA 15096.
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