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ASTM E2349-09

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing

Standard Practice for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the safety requirements for applying the design, construction, and operation of machinery and equipment used in metal casting operations. These operations include sand preparation, molding, and core making; melting and pouring; and cleaning and finishing. This practice does not apply to die casting operations. This aim of this specification is to minimize the possibility of injury to operating and maintenance personnel while working on, or in the vicinity of, the specified equipment.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements of applying the design, construction, and operation of the machinery and equipment used in metal casting operations—sand preparation, molding and core making, melting and pouring, and cleaning and finishing. This practice does not apply to die casting operations.
1.2 Purpose—The requirements of this practice, including the training of supervisors and employees, are intended to minimize the possibility of injury to operating and maintenance personnel while working on, or in the vicinity of, the specified equipment. Compliance with this practice, in conjunction with OSHA regulations, provides a relatively safe environment, which is a fundamental requisite in helping to prevent occupational injuries.
1.3 Application
1.3.1 New Installations—After the date of publication, all new installations within the scope of this specification shall be in conformance with its requirements. Any existing machine installation moved to a new plant or another location in the same plant is deemed a new installation when it is installed in the new location. However, an existing installed machine (former installation) that is moved for a short distance, for example, to provide additional aisle space, is not deemed to be a new installation.
1.3.2 Existing Installations—After the approval date of this practice, installations existing on, or before, this date, shall be modified as necessary to be in conformance with all requirements of this practice. Where it is not practical to modify an existing facility in conformance with this practice, deficiencies shall be noted and plans for compliance shall be included in any future facility or equipment changes. Those facilities and equipment on order or in the process of construction on the date of publication of this practice shall be considered as an existing installation. This practice applies to existing equipment if it lacks the necessary employee protection (personal protective equipment or administrative controls).
1.4 The values stated in inch/pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in brackets are for information only.
1.5 The text of this practice references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2009
ICS
77.180 - Equipment for the metallurgical industry
Technical Committee
E34 - Occupational Health and Safety
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E2349-05 - Standard Practice for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing
Effective Date
01-Jul-2009
Replaced By
ASTM E2349-12 - Standard Practice for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing
Effective Date
01-Apr-2012
Referred By
ASTM A74-21 - Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2009
Referred By
ASTM A1111-22 - Standard Specification for Cast Iron Closet Flanges for Use with Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings in Gravity Flow Plumbing Drain, Waste, and Vent Sanitary Applications
Effective Date
01-Jul-2009
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ASTM E1542-21 - Standard Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and Safety
Effective Date
01-Jul-2009
Referred By
ASTM A888-21a - Standard Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping Applications
Effective Date
01-Jul-2009

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ASTM E2349-09 - Standard Practice for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and FinishingASTM E2349-09 - Standard Practice for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing
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ASTM E2349-09 - Standard Practice for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing
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REDLINE ASTM E2349-09 - Standard Practice for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and FinishingREDLINE ASTM E2349-09 - Standard Practice for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing
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REDLINE ASTM E2349-09 - Standard Practice for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2349 – 09
Standard Practice for
Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand
Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting and
1
Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2349; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This practice is part of a project started in 1972 under the sponsorship of the American Foundry
Society, Inc. Standard for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations—Sand Preparation,
Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing.
The metal casting industry shares safety considerations with many other industries requiring the
movement of heavy objects, the use of large ovens and melt furnaces, and processing of hot materials.
In addition, there are safety considerations common to all industries. The present trend is towards the
development of industry-wide standards wherever the need for safety considerations exists. This
practice, therefore, is limited to safety considerations of special importance in the metal casting
industry operations in which general standards do not exist or are not considered adequate. This
practice is not intended to supersede or replace any applicable federal, state, or local governmental
safety regulations or requirements, but rather, it is intended to augment and support any such
requirements. Operating rules are not included in this practice unless they are vital to safety.
Compliance with this practice should provide a relatively safe environment, which is a fundamental
requirement in preventing occupational injuries.
Contents
Introduction
1. Scope 8.2 Core Making
2. Referenced Documents 8.3 Molding Equipment
3. Terminology 8.4 Fuel-Fired Equipment
4. Materials and Manufacture 8.5 Operation Procedures for Sand Preparation, Molding, and Coremaking
4.1 Responsibility 9. Melting and Pouring
4.2 Inherent Hazards 9.1 Cupola
4.3 Installation 9.2 Electric Furnaces—Induction Melting and Induction Holding
4.4 Power Requirements 9.3 Electric Furnaces—Direct Arc Furnaces
4.5 Electrical Ground Faults 9.4 Ladles
4.6 Fluid Power Off 9.5 Molten Metal Handling and Pouring Equipment
4.7 Electrical Equipment Grounding 9.6 Maintenance and Inspection
4.8 Fluid Exhaust (Gas or Liquid) 9.7 Molten Metal Treatment
5. Care of Equipment—General Provisions 9.8 Specific Material Handling Equipment
5.1 Instructions 9.9 Molten Metal Handling and Pouring
5.2 Installation 9.10 Overhead Handling of Molten Material
5.3 Inspection and Preventive Maintenance 10. Cleaning and Finishing
5.4 Maintenance Personnel Training and Experience 10.1 Care of Cleaning and Finishing Equipment
5.5 Startup Procedure 10.2 Specific Equipment Safeguards—Cleaning and Finishing
5.6 Shutdown Procedure 10.3 Abrasive Blasting
5.7 Troubleshooting, Maintenance and Repair 10.4 Chipping
6. Safeguards—General Requirements 10.5 Abrasive Wheels
6.2 Responsibility for Safeguarding 10.6 Operating Procedures for Abrasive Wheels
6.3 Guarding 10.7 Portable Abrasive Wheels
6.4 Hazard Zone Guarding 10.8 Grinding Magnesium
6.5 Hazard Zone Protective Devices 10.9 Molten Salts Cleaning
7. Operation of Equipment—General Requirements 10.10 Hooks Designed for Handling Castings
7.1 Employer’s Responsibility 10.11 Slings
7.2 Employee’s Responsibility 10.12 Lighting
8. Sand Preparation, Molding, and Coremaking 11. Keywords
8.1 Sand Handling and Preparation
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2349 – 09
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice covers the requirements of applying the
F1002 Performance Specification for Protective Clothing
design, construction, and operation of the machinery and
forUsebyWorkersExposedtoSpecificMoltenSubstances
equipment used in metal casting operations—sand preparation,
and Related Thermal Hazards
molding and core making, melting and pouring, and cleaning
F1449 Guide for Industrial Laundering of Flame, Thermal,
and finishing. This practice does not apply to die casting
and Arc Resistant Clothing
operations.
3
2.2 ANSI Standards:
1.2 Purpose—The requirements of this practice, including
ANSI A12.64.1 Safety Requirements for Workplace, Floor
the training of supervisors and employees, are intended to
and Wall Openings, Stairs and Railing Systems
minimizethepossibilityofinjurytooperatingandmaintenance
ANSIA58.1 Minimum Design Load in Buildings and Other
personnel while working on, or in the vicinity of, the specified
Struct
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2349–05 Designation: E 2349 – 09
Standard Practice for
Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand
Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting and
1
Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2349; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This practice is part of a project started in 1972 under the sponsorship of the American Foundry
Society, Inc. Standard for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations—Sand Preparation,
Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing.
The metal casting industry shares safety considerations with many other industries requiring the
movement of heavy objects, the use of large ovens and melt furnaces, and processing of hot materials.
In addition, there are safety considerations common to all industries. The present trend is towards the
development of industry-wide standards wherever the need for safety considerations exists. This
practice, therefore, is limited to safety considerations of special importance in the metal casting
industry operations in which general standards do not exist or are not considered adequate. This
practice is not intended to supersede or replace any applicable federal, state, or local governmental
safety regulations or requirements, but rather, it is intended to augment and support any such
requirements. Operating rules are not included in this practice unless they are vital to safety.
Compliance with this practice should provide a relatively safe environment, which is a fundamental
requirement in preventing occupational injuries.
Contents
Introduction 6.3 Hazardous Zone Guarding
1. Scope
1. Scope 8.2 Core Making
2. Referenced Documents 8.3 Molding Equipment
3. Terminology 8.4 Fuel-Fired Equipment
4. Materials and Manufacture 8.5 Operation Procedures for Sand Preparation, Molding, and Coremaking
4.1 Responsibility 9. Melting and Pouring
4.2 Inherent Hazards 9.1 Cupola
4.3 Installation 9.2 Electric Furnaces—Induction Melting and Induction Holding
4.4 Power Requirements 9.3 Electric Furnaces—Direct Arc Furnaces
4.5 Electrical Ground Faults 9.4 Ladles
4.6 Fluid Power Off 9.5 Molten Metal Handling and Pouring Equipment
4.7 Electrical Equipment Grounding 9.6 Maintenance and Inspection
4.8 Fluid Exhaust (Gas or Liquid) 9.7 Molten Metal Treatment
5. Care of Equipment—General Provisions 9.8 Specific Material Handling Equipment
5.1 Instructions 9.9 Molten Metal Handling and Pouring
5.2 Installation 9.10 Overhead Handling of Molten Material
5.3 Inspection and Preventive Maintenance 10. Cleaning and Finishing
5.4 Maintenance Personnel Training and Experience 10.1 Care of Cleaning and Finishing Equipment
5.5 Startup Procedure 10.2 Specific Equipment Safeguards—Cleaning and Finishing
5.6 Shutdown Procedure 10.3 Abrasive Blasting
5.7 Troubleshooting, Maintenance and Repair 10.4 Chipping
6. Safeguards—General Requirements 10.5 Abrasive Wheels
6.2 Responsibility for Safeguarding 10.6 Operating Procedures for Abrasive Wheels
6.3 Guarding 10.7 Portable Abrasive Wheels
6.4 Hazard Zone Guarding 10.8 Grinding Magnesium
6.5 Hazard Zone Protective Devices 10.9 Molten Salts Cleaning
7. Operation of Equipment—General Requirements 10.10 Hooks Designed for Handling Castings
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E34 on Occupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.20 on Foundry
Safety and Health.
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published June 2005.on Foundry Safety and Health Subcommittee.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E 2349 - 05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2349–09
Contents
7.1 Employer’s Responsibility 10.11 Slings
7.2 Employee’s Responsibility 10.12 Lighting
8. Sand Preparation, Molding, and Coremaking 11. Keywords
8.1 Sand Handling and Preparation 6.4 Hazardous Zone Protective Devices
2. Referenced Documents 7. Operation of Equipment—General Requirements
3. Terminology 7.1 Employer’s Responsibility
4. Materials and Manufacture 7.2 Employee’s Responsibility
4.1
...

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ASTM E2349-19(Practice)
Standard Practice for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the safety requirements for applying the design, construction, and operation of machinery and equipment used in metal casting operations. These operations include sand preparation, molding, and core making; melting and pouring; and cleaning and finishing. This practice does not apply to die casting operations. This aim of this specification is to minimize the possibility of injury to operating and maintenance personnel while working on, or in the vicinity of, the specified equipment.
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1.1 This practice covers the requirements of applying the design, construction, and operation of the machinery and equipment used in metal casting operations—sand preparation, molding and core making, melting and pouring, and cleaning and finishing. This practice does not apply to die casting operations.  
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1.3 Application:  
1.3.1 New Installations—After the date of publication, all new installations within the scope of this specification shall be in conformance with its requirements. Any existing machine installation moved to a new plant or another location in the same plant is deemed a new installation when it is installed in the new location. However, an existing installed machine (former installation) that is moved for a short distance, for example, to provide additional aisle space, is not deemed to be a new installation.  
1.3.2 Existing Installations—After the approval date of this practice, installations existing on, or before, this date shall be modified as necessary to be in conformance with all requirements of this practice. Where it is not practical to modify an existing facility in conformance with this practice, deficiencies shall be noted and plans for compliance shall be included in any future facility or equipment changes. Those facilities and equipment on order or in the process of construction on the date of publication of this practice shall be considered as an existing installation. This practice applies to existing equipment if it lacks the necessary employee protection (personal protective equipment or administrative controls).  
1.4 The values stated in inch/pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in brackets are for information only.  
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4.1 This guide is intended to describe heat management program elements that foundries use to prevent or manage heat strain and heat-related illness. Specifically, the guide:  
4.1.1 Provides an objective framework for recognizing heat stress and heat strain, and  
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1.2 Objectives of the foundry heat stress and heat strain management guide are as follows:  
1.2.1 Provide an objective framework for recognizing heat stress and heat strain, and  
1.2.2 Facilitate use of best practices to manage heat exposures to minimize heat strain and prevent heat-related illness.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The conditions at which compounds are molded are known to influence the properties of the specimens. The degree of cure, elimination of knit-lines between particles, density of the part, and degradation of the polymer are among those factors which will be affected by the molding conditions. Thus it is important to conform to a standard set of conditions in order to have a valid comparison of properties between different compounds and different batches of the same compound.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Practice for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: Sand Preparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the safety requirements for applying the design, construction, and operation of machinery and equipment used in metal casting operations. These operations include sand preparation, molding, and core making; melting and pouring; and cleaning and finishing. This practice does not apply to die casting operations. This aim of this specification is to minimize the possibility of injury to operating and maintenance personnel while working on, or in the vicinity of, the specified equipment.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements of applying the design, construction, and operation of the machinery and equipment used in metal casting operations—sand preparation, molding and core making, melting and pouring, and cleaning and finishing. This practice does not apply to die casting operations.  
1.2 Purpose—The requirements of this practice, including the training of supervisors and employees, are intended to minimize the possibility of injury to operating and maintenance personnel while working on, or in the vicinity of, the specified equipment. Compliance with this practice, in conjunction with OSHA regulations, provides a relatively safe environment, which is a fundamental requisite in helping to prevent occupational injuries.  
1.3 Application:  
1.3.1 New Installations—After the date of publication, all new installations within the scope of this specification shall be in conformance with its requirements. Any existing machine installation moved to a new plant or another location in the same plant is deemed a new installation when it is installed in the new location. However, an existing installed machine (former installation) that is moved for a short distance, for example, to provide additional aisle space, is not deemed to be a new installation.  
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1.4 The values stated in inch/pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in brackets are for information only.  
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Standard Practice for Use of Foundry Sand in Structural Fill and Embankments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Earthwork associated with highway construction provides an opportunity for high volume reuse of green foundry sands discarded by the foundry industry. This practice covers methods and recommendations to use of foundry sand as embankment and structural fill.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers methods to use foundry sand as embankment and structural fill.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1210-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.  
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.  
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.  
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).  
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.  
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1751-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient Asphalt Types)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint filler having relatively little extrusion and substantial recovery after release from compression.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
Note 1: Attention is called to Specifications D1752 and D994/D994M.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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