ASTM F1348/F1348M-91(2023)

Standard Specification for Pneumatic Rotary Descaling Machines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for pneumatic rotary descaling machines for removal of paint, rust, scale, nonskid deck covering and other coatings from steel and aluminum structures. These portable machines are intended for use in a marine environment, subject to salt air and spray during use and high humidity during storage. De scaling machines are available in two types and two classes, as follows: Type 1 which is the hand-held and Type 2 which is the deck-supported type. Both types have two classes which are Class A in inch-pound design and Class B in SI metric design. Hubs for use with descaling machines are also available in four classes: Class A is a hub that is non-metallic, nonwoven and non-contaminating, Class B is a peening hub for aluminum surfaces, Class C is a hub of metallic hammer type used for steel surfaces and Class D is a hub of metallic cutter type use for steel surfaces. A service life test shall be conducted on an uncoated steel test plate and each hub shall be subjected to a performance test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for pneumatic rotary descaling machines for removal of paint, rust, scale, nonskid deck covering, and other coatings from steel and aluminum structures. These portable machines are intended for use in a marine environment, subject to salt air and spray during use and high humidity during storage.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 12, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 17.2.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2023
• ICS: 77.180 - Equipment for the metallurgical industry
• Technical Committee: F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
• Drafting Committee: F25.07 - General Requirements

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D4417-19 - Standard Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4417-11 - Standard Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2011
• Refers: ASTM B209-10 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2010
• Refers: ASTM B209-07 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2007
• Refers: ASTM F1166-07 - Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2007
• Refers: ASTM B209-06 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2006
• Refers: ASTM F1166-95a(2006) - Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment and Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2006
• Refers: ASTM B209-04 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2004
• Refers: ASTM D4417-03 - Standard Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Refers: ASTM B209-02a - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Refers: ASTM B209-02 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Refers: ASTM B209-00 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Refers: ASTM B209-02e1 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Refers: ASTM B209-01 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Refers: ASTM F1166-95a(2000) - Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment and Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1348/F1348M − 91 (Reapproved 2023) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Pneumatic Rotary Descaling Machines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1348/F1348M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F1166 Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine
Systems, Equipment, and Facilities
1.1 This specification covers requirements for pneumatic
2.2 Federal Specifications:
rotary descaling machines for removal of paint, rust, scale,
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
nonskid deck covering, and other coatings from steel and
PPP-B-566 Boxes, Folding, Paperboard
aluminum structures. These portable machines are intended for
PPP-B-601 Boxes, Wood, Cleated-Plywood
use in a marine environment, subject to salt air and spray
PPP-B-621 Boxes, Wood, Nailed and Lock-Corner
during use and high humidity during storage.
PPP-B-636 Boxes, Shipping, Fiberboard
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
PPP-B-640 Boxes, Fiberboard, Corrugated, Triple Wall
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
PPP-B-676 Boxes, Setup
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
2.3 Military Specifications:
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
MIL-STD-147 Palletized Unit Loads
specification.
MIL-B-117 Bags, Sleeves and Tubing
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains to the
MIL-H-775 Hose, Hose Assemblies; Rubber, Plastic, Fabric
test method portion only, Section 12, of this specification: This
or Metal (Including Tubing); and Associated Hardware:
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
Packaging of
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
MIL-L-17331 Lubricating Oil, Steam Turbine, Noncorrosive
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
DOD-G-24508 Grease, High Performance, Ball Roller
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
Bearing, Continuous Run to 300°F
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary
2.4 ABS Publication:
statements are given in 17.2.1.
ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3. Classification
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1 Descaling machines are available in two types and two
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
classes, as follows:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.1 Type 1, Hand-Held:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.1.1 Class A—Inch-pound design, and
3.1.1.2 Class B—SI metric design.
2. Referenced Documents
2 3.1.2 Type 2, Deck-Supported:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2.1 Class A—Inch-pound design, and
B209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
3.1.2.2 Class B—SI metric design.
Sheet and Plate (Metric) B0209_B0209M
3.2 Hubs for use with descaling machines are available in
D4417 Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface
Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel four classes, as follows:
3.2.1 Class A—Nonmetallic, nonwoven, noncontaminating,
3.2.2 Class B—Peening hub for aluminum surfaces,
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
General Requirements.
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as F1348/F1348M – 91 Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://
(2019). DOI: 10.1520/F1348_F1348M-91R23. www.access.gpo.gov.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), ABS Plaza, 16855
the ASTM website. Northchase Dr., Houston, TX 77060, http://www.eagle.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1348/F1348M − 91 (2023)
TABLE 1 Maximum Dimensions and Weights
3.2.3 Class C—Metallic hammer type for steel surfaces, and
3.2.4 Class D—Metallic cutter type for steel surfaces. Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Type 2
Class A Class B Class A Class B
Length 16 in. 410 mm 36 in. 915 mm
4. Ordering Information
Width 6 in. 155 mm 16 in. 410 mm
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
Height 12 in. 306 mm 48 in. 1220 mm
Weight 5 lb 2.3 kg 110 lb 50 kg
the following:
4.1.1 Title, number, and date of this specification,
4.1.2 Quantity,
deck coating removal process. The machine shall easily propel
4.1.3 Type and class required (see Section 3),
itself or be propelled by the operator across the deck without
4.1.4 Test and inspection certification requirements, if ap-
overstressing the operator (see 6.2). The Type 2 machine shall
plicable (see Section 15),
remove deck coating to within 1 ⁄2 in. [40 mm] of the
4.1.5 Test report requirements (see Section 15),
bulkheads, coamings, and other immovable objects.
4.1.6 Technical manual requirements (see Section 16),
4.1.7 Special marking required (see 18.3), 6.2 Human Engineering—The machines shall be in accor-
dance with the human engineering criteria of Practice F1166
4.1.8 Level of preservation, packaging, packing, and mark-
ing required (see Section 17 and Supplementary except where such requirements conflict with the requirements
of this specification. The machines shall incorporate the
Requirements), and
4.1.9 Lubrication requirements of Supplementary maintainability requirements of Practice F1166 and shall per-
mit safe and efficient performance of operation and mainte-
Requirements, if applicable (see Section S3).
nance by the fifth percentile female to the ninety-fifth percen-
5. Materials and Manufacture
tile male, as defined in Practice F1166. Clearance shall be
provided around each component, part or control so that an
5.1 Asbestos and Cadmium:
individual with aforementioned percentile body dimensions
5.1.1 Material used in the machines, or in any components,
and physical capabilities can safely operate, maintain, remove,
accessories, repair parts, tools, and packing and packaging
or replace any item using normally available tools and test
shall be free of asbestos and cadmium.
equipment. The controls required for operation and mainte-
5.2 Metal Parts—Metal parts shall be corrosion resistant or
nance shall be in accordance with Practice F1166 and shall not
treated to resist corrosion.
require operator forces to exceed the strength limitations listed
therein.
6. Mechanical Properties
6.3 Interchangeability—Component parts and assemblies
6.1 The machines shall be powered by an air motor and
peculiar to each type and class of machine from any one
shall accept each of the rotary hubs (see 6.9).
manufacturer shall be fully interchangeable. Such interchange-
6.1.1 Type 1—The Type 1 machine shall be a hand-held unit
ability shall not require any alterations or modifications.
having a minimum of two handles, one of which shall house
6.4 Dimensions and Weight—The machines, fully as-
the trigger mechanism. The trigger mechanism shall be of the
spring-loaded “dead man” type and shall immediately shut off sembled with guards; debris collector attachment (less hoses
and collection container); and with operating handles (Type 2)
air flow to the motor when released. The arrangement of the
handles and trigger mechanism shall permit right- or left- locked in its operating position; fully lubricated and ready in all
aspects for operation (less air hose and filter, evaporator and
handed operation with equal ease. The direction of rotation of
the hubs shall tend to propel the machine in the forward lubricator attachments) shall not exceed the maximum dimen-
sions and weight shown in Table 1.
direction, away from the operator. The Type 1 machine shall
remove coatings to within ⁄4 in. [6 mm] of bulkheads,
6.5 Air Motor—The machines shall be driven by air motors
coamings, decks, and other immovable objects.
that operate on the minimum air supplies as shown in Table 2.
6.1.2 Type 2—The Type 2 machine shall be a deck sup-
6.6 Guards—Machines of both Type 1 and Type 2 shall be
ported unit with a T-shaped operating handle. The operating
provided with guards that protect the operator from inadvertent
handle shall be adjustable for height, rigid and strong enough
contact with moving parts and prevent uncontrolled scattering
to operate the machine without bending, and long enough to
of chips or scale removed by the machine. These guards shall
allow any operator with the percentile body dimensions speci-
not interfere with the performance of the machine throughout
fied herein (see 6.2) to operate the machine while walking
the machine’s useful life, unduly decrease any of the hub’s
behind it in a natural walking position. The air hose connection
physical dimensions or wear, or interfere with changing of the
and trigger mechanism shall be located on the T-handle. The
hubs. The guards/rotary hub containment shall be constructed
trigger mechanism shall be of the spring-loaded “dead man”
to accommodate a debris collection system.
type and shall immediately shut off air flow to the motor when
released. The handle shall detach or be adjustable to and 6.7 Air Connections—Air connections for both Type 1 and
lockable in the vertical position for storage. The machine shall Type 2 machines shall be of the quick disconnect type. The
be provided with at least two wheels used to move the locations of the air connection shall be such that the hose does
machine. With the handle, air hose and each of the abrasive not interfere with operation of the machine or the operator. The
hubs attached, the machine shall sit level on the deck with the inside diameter of the connections shall be in accordance with
abrasive hubs in contact with the deck and not interfere with Table 3.
F1348/F1348M − 91 (2023)
TABLE 2 Air Supplies TABLE 4 Minimum Path Width
Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Type 2 Hub for: Minimum Path Width
Class A Class B Class A Class B
Type 1 Class A machine 2 in.
2 2
Air pressure 80 lb/in. 550 kPa 80 lb/in. 550 kPa Type 1 Class B machine 50 mm
3 3 3 3
Air volume 18 ft /min 0.51 m /min 125 ft /min 3.54 m /min Type 2 Class A machine 5 in.
Type 2 Class B machine 125 mm
TABLE 3 Air Connections
2 2
TABLE 5 Removal Rate; ft /h (m /h)
Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Type 2
Class A Class B Class A Class B Paint Rust/Scale Nonskid
Hub
1 1
⁄4 in. 6.3 mm ⁄2 in. 12.7 mm
Class A Class B Class A Class B Class A Class B
Class
Machine Machine Machine Machine Machine Machine
A 50 4.5 25 2.3 . . . . . .
B 65 6.0 35 3.3 . . . . . .
6.8 Lubrication—Lubrication fittings shall be installed so
C 85 8.0 . . . . . . 20 1.9
that lubrication can be accomplished without disassembly of
D 85 8.0 25 2.3 25 2.3
the machine (see 6.2). Lubrication materials shall be high-
temperature lubricating oil or high-performance grease.
2 2
TABLE 6 Removal Rate; ft /h (m /h)
6.9 Hubs:
Paint Rust/Scale Nonskid
6.9.1 Hubs for each type and class of machine shall clean a Hub
Class A Class B Class A Class B Class A Class B
Class
path of width not less than that shown in Table 4. Hubs for each
Machine Machine Machine Machine Machine Machine
type, class, and manufacture of machine shall be interchange-
A 200 18.5 150 13.9 . . . . . .
B 300 27.9 200 18.5 . . . . . .
able with hubs of any other machine of the same type, class,
C 350 32.5 . . . . . . 80 7.4
and manufacture, using only the normally available tools (see
D 350 32.5 200 18.5 100 9.3
8.1.2) for the interchange.
6.9.2 Hubs shall be of the following classes, classified by
intended composition, function, and service life, as follows:
7.2 Stability:
6.9.2.1 Class A Hub—The Class A hub shall be nonmetallic,
7.2.1 Type 1 Machine—The assembled Type 1 machine
nonwoven, noncontaminating, and shall remove paint, rust, or
shall operate at any angle from the horizontal to vertical
scale. The Class A hub shall feather the edge of a painted
(including the overhead) without loss of power or descaling
surface in a smooth taper from the painted aluminum surface to
efficiency.
bare metal, and shall not remove, erode, or groove metal
7.2.2 Type 2 Machine—The assembled Type 2 machine
surfaces. The Class A hub shall have a minimum service life of
shall operate without loss of power and descaling efficiency
8 h.
and without tipping when inclined at an angle of 15° from the
6.9.2.2 Class B Hub—The Class B hub shall remove paint,
horizontal in any direction.
rust, or scale and shall peen the aluminum surface to a profile
of 1.0 mils to 3.0 mils [0.0025 mm to 0.0076 mm]. The Class
8. Attachments
B hub shall have a minimum service life of 50 h.
8.1 The machine shall be furnished in kit form, with each kit
6.9.2.3 Class C Hub—The Class C hub shall be a metallic
containing the following items besides the basic machine:
hammer type assembly and shall remove paint and nonskid
8.1.1 One Class A hub,
covering on steel surfaces. The Class C hub shall operate over
8.1.2 One Class B hub,
protrusions or obstructions on the deck surface, such as bolts or
8.1.3 One Class C hub,
padeyes, up to a height of 1 in. [25 mm], without damage to the
8.1.4 One Class D hub,
hub or machine. The Class C hub shall have a minimum service
8.1.5 One air hose with fittings,
life of 100 h.
8.1.6 One hub-changing tool (or tool set),
6.9.2.4 Class D Hub—The Class D hub shall be a metallic
8.1.7 One debris collector,
type cutter assembly that removes paint, rust, scale, and
8.1.8 One carrying case, and
nonskid deck coverings on steel surfaces. The Class D hub
8.1.9 One in-line filter/evaporator/lubricator.
shall have a minimum service life of 30 h.
8.1.10 Air Hose—Air hoses shall be ⁄8 in. [10 mm] for Type
1 machine and ⁄4 in. [19 mm] for Type 2 machine with
7. Performance Requirements
quick-disconnect connections and an air s
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