ASTM E1037-15

Standard Test Method for Measuring Particle Size Distribution of RDF-5

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The particle size distribution of RDF-5 strongly influences the storage and handling characteristics of the fuel. Small particles tend to block flow through storage bins and feed hoppers, although correct bin and hopper designs will alleviate this problem of blockage.  
3.2 This test method of measuring size manually allows accurate description of RDF-5 particle size distribution. Manual measurement is superior to sieving techniques, wherein particles may be broken by the size separation technique itself. However, hand measurement is more time-consuming than sieving techniques.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the size distribution of a RDF-5 sample. Size is defined as the maximum length of the particle, where length is determined by the RDF-5 manufacturing process. That is, a pellet, cubette, or briquette all have a recognizable length. Fig. 1 displays the sizes and shapes of some RDF-5 particles.  
1.2 An air dried RDF-5 sample is separated into categories of differing particle sizes. The size distribution is measured as the weight percentage of each size category. A graph of a function of the cumulative fraction of material by weight finer than particle size versus particle size is plotted. From this plot are taken values which describe the size distribution—the uniformity constant and the characteristic particle size.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2015
• ICS: 19.120 - Particle size analysis. Sieving
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1037 − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Particle Size Distribution of RDF-5
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope technique itself. However, hand measurement is more time-
consuming than sieving techniques.
1.1 This test method is used to determine the size distribu-
tionofaRDF-5sample.Sizeisdefinedasthemaximumlength
4. Apparatus
of the particle, where length is determined by the RDF-5
4.1 Labelled Containers, used to hold the particles which
manufacturing process. That is, a pellet, cubette, or briquette
are separated by size. Appropriate containers are beakers or
all have a recognizable length. Fig. 1 displays the sizes and
pans labelled “≥70 mm”, “≥60 mm−<70 mm”, etc. The tare
shapes of some RDF-5 particles.
weight of each container shall be recorded to 0.1 g.
1.2 An air dried RDF-5 sample is separated into categories
4.2 Scale, capable of weighing the sample and container
of differing particle sizes. The size distribution is measured as
with an accuracy of 0.1 g.
the weight percentage of each size category. A graph of a
4.3 Vernier Calipers, a length-measuring instrument having
function of the cumulative fraction of material by weight finer
than particle size versus particle size is plotted. From this plot an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
are taken values which describe the size distribution—the
5. Procedure
uniformity constant and the characteristic particle size.
5.1 The sample shall weigh 1.0 6 0.1 kg (2.2 6 0.2 lb)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
unless otherwise specified. Record the weight of the sample to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the nearest 0.1 g.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.2 Beginning with the largest particles, measure the length
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. of each particle in the sample. Separate the particles into
containers labelled as the size categories of less than 10 mm,
2. Terminology
10 to less than 20 mm, 20 to less than 30 mm, 30 to less than
40 mm, etc. as needed.
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 RDF-5—solidfuelderivedfrommunicipalsolidwaste
5.3 Record the weight of each size category to 0.1 g.
in which the processed combustible fraction is densified
5.4 Add the weights of the size components. If this sum
(compressed) into the form of pellets, cubettes or briquettes.
differs by more than 2% from the sample weight recorded
initially, then reject the analysis and begin another test.
3. Significance and Use
5.5 Use the sum of the separate size categories as the total
3.1 The particle size distribution of RDF-5 strongly influ-
weighttodetermineweightpercentagesofeachsizefraction.If
encesthestorageandhandlingcharacteristicsofthefuel.Small
theweightpercentageofanyfractionisgreaterthanorequalto
particles tend to block flow through storage bins and feed
25%, then separate that fraction into two portions of 5-mm
hoppers, although correct bin and hopper designs will alleviate
size categories. Continue separating the size fraction into
this problem of blockage.
categories of 2.5 mm, 1.25 mm, etc., until the weight percent-
3.2 This test method of measuring size manually allows
age of each fr
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1037 − 84 (Reapproved 2009) E1037 − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Particle Size Distribution of RDF-5
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is used to determine the size distribution of a RDF-5 sample. Size is defined as the maximum length of
the particle, where length is determined by the RDF-5 manufacturing process. That is, a pellet, cubette, or briquette all have a
recognizable length. Fig. 1 displays the sizes and shapes of some RDF-5 particles.
1.2 An air dried RDF-5 sample is separated into categories of differing particle sizes. The size distribution is measured as the
weight percentage of each size category. A graph of a function of the cumulative fraction of material by weight finer than particle
size versus particle size is plotted. From this plot are taken values which describe the size distribution—the uniformity constant
and the characteristic particle size.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 RDF-5—solid fuel derived from municipal solid waste in which the processed combustible fraction is densified
(compressed) into the form of pellets, cubettes or briquettes.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The particle size distribution of RDF-5 strongly influences the storage and handling characteristics of the fuel. Small
particles tend to block flow through storage bins and feed hoppers, although correct bin and hopper designs will alleviate this
problem of blockage.
3.2 This test method of measuring size by hand manually allows accurate description of RDF-5 particle size distribution.
Measurement by hand Manual measurement is superior to sieving techniques, wherein particles may be broken by the size
separation technique itself. However, hand measurement is more time-consuming than sieving techniques.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Labelled Containers, used to hold the particles which are separated by size. Appropriate containers are beakers or pans
labelled “≥70 mm”, “≥60 mm − <70 mm”, etc. The tare weight of each container shall be recorded to 0.1 g.
4.2 Scale, capable of weighing the sample and container with an accuracy of 0.1 g.
4.3 Vernier Calipers, a length-measuring instrument having an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
5. Procedure
5.1 The sample shall weigh 1.0 6 0.1 kg (2.2 6 0.2 lb) unless otherwise specified. Record the weight of the sample to the
nearest 0.1 g.
5.2 Beginning with the largest particles, measure the length of each particle in the sample. Separate the particles into containers
labelled as the size categories of less than 10 mm, 10 to less than 20 mm, 20 to less than 30 mm, 30 to less than 40 mm, etc. as
needed.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009Sept. 1, 2015. Published November 2009September 2015 Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20042009
as E1037 – 84 (2004).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/E1037-84R09.10.1520/E1037-15.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1037 − 15
FIG. 1 RDF-5 Sizes
FIG. 2 Size Distribution Example—Test Number 1
5.3 Record the weight of each size category to 0.1 g.
5.4 Add the weights of the size components. If this sum differs by more than 2 % from the sample weight recorded initially,
then reject the analysis and begin another test.
5.5 Use the sum of the separate size categories as the total weight to determine weight percentages of each size fraction. If the
weight percentage of any fraction is greater than or equal to 25 %, then separate that fraction into two portions of 5-mm size
categories. Continue separating the size fraction into categories of 2.5 mm, 1.25 mm, etc., until the weight percentage of each
fraction is less than 25 %.
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