ASTM D6571-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Compression Resistance and Recovery Properties of Highloft Nonwoven Fabric Using Static Force Loading
Standard Test Method for Determination of Compression Resistance and Recovery Properties of Highloft Nonwoven Fabric Using Static Force Loading
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of compression resistance and recovery properties of any type of highloft nonwoven fabric using a simplistic and economical applied static weight loading technique.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This test method offers two options for the measurement of compression resistance and recovery properties. Option 1 contains fewer steps and is, therefore, simpler. Option 2 makes more measurements and provides more details about the behavior of a fabric under these test conditions.
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Designation: D 6571 – 00
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Compression Resistance and Recovery
Properties of Highloft Nonwoven Fabric Using Static Force
Loading
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6571; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope laying, or other means.
3.1.3 compression force, n—the perpendicular force applied
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of compres-
to surface (s) of a material in compaction.
sion resistance and recovery properties of any type of highloft
3.1.4 compression recovery, n—the property of a material to
nonwoven fabric using a simplistic and economical applied
regain its original dimensions after release from compaction.
static weight loading technique.
3.1.5 compression resistance, n—the property of a material
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to oppose its change in dimension under compaction.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 dead-weight loading, n—in testing, a method of load-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ing in which a mass is supported solely by the specimen and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
has no other mechanical connection to the test machine. Static
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
loading may be considered a synonym of dead-weight loading.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.7 elastic loss, n—the permanent loss of dimensions
standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information
following a release from an applied load either in compression
only.
or extension.
1.4 This test method offers two options for the measurement
3.1.8 highloft nonwoven fabric, n—a low-density fiber net-
of compression resistance and recovery properties. Option 1
work structure characterized by a high ratio of thickness to
contains fewer steps and is, therefore, simpler. Option 2 makes
mass per unit area.
more measurements and provides more details about the
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms, refer to Terminol-
behavior of a fabric under these test conditions.
ogy D 123.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 4.1 A specimen (one piece of or a stack of pieces) is placed
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
between two plates and the height of the stack measured. A
D 5796 Test Method for Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven
3 weight of specified mass is placed on the top plate for a
Fabrics
specified period of time. The height of the specimen with the
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
mass in place is measured at specified time intervals. The mass
D 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
is removed and the height of the stack is measured at specified
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
time intervals. Compression resistance and recovery properties
D 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
are calculated using the height measurements.
Textiles
Adjunct TEX-PAC
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology 5.1 The ability of a highloft nonwoven fabric to resist
compression and recovery and elastic loss after compression
3.1 Definitions:
are two basic physical properties that are measured to set
3.1.1 applied static force, n—in testing, the application of a
specifications for certain end-use applications. This test
fixed force by action of gravity on a fixed mass.
method provides an inexpensive alternative for highloft pro-
3.1.2 batting, n—a textile filling material consisting of a
ducers, their suppliers and customers to determine compression
continuous web of fibers formed by carding, garnetting, air
resistance, and recovery properties thus better predicting their
performance in the finished product.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
5.2 Compression resistance and recovery performance re-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.64 on Nonwoven Fabrics.
quirements of highloft nonwovens will vary according to the
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published August 2000.
end-use application. Furniture, bedding apparel, and industrial
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 6571
TABLE 1 Number of Rolls, or Pieces, of Nonwoven Material in
applications do not require the same property values to satisfy
the Lot Sample
their individual consumers. They will require resistance to
Number of Rolls, Pieces in Number of Rolls or Pieces in
compression and the ability to recover to some degree.
Lot Inclusive Lot Samples
5.3 Option 1 of this test method is used in the trade for the
1to3 all
acceptance testing of commercial shipments. Compression
4to24 4
recovery graphs from Option 2 can be helpful in comparing
25 to 50 5
over 50 10 % to a maximum of 10 rolls or
performance of different highloft nonwoven fabrics.
pieces
5.3.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
reported test results when using this test method, the purchaser
and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine
length is not adequate to supply enough fabric for the testing,
if there is a significant statistical bias between their laborato-
use a swatch that is twice this length. For rolls of fabric, take
ries. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the
a sample that will exclude the outer wrap of the roll or the inner
investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should
wrap around the core.
take a group of test samples that are as homogeneous as
7.3 Test Specimens—Specimens should be taken randomly
possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in
from areas of the laboratory sample that are free of folds and
question. The test samples should be randomly assigned in
wrinkles and any distortions that make these specimens abnor-
equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average
mal from the rest of the test material. Unless otherwise
results from the two laboratories should be compared using an
specified, take specimens randomly no nearer to the edges of
appropriate statistical test for unpaired samples and an accep-
the sample than one tenth of the width of the sample. Test one
tance probability level chosen by the two parties before the
specimen from each sampling unit, or test three specimens
testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be
representing the right, the center, and the left of each sampling
found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must
unit, if the width exceeds 1 m.
agree to interpret future test results with consideration of the
7.3.1 A specimen consists of sufficient 200 by 200-mm (8
known bias.
by 8-in.) pieces of highloft nonwoven fabric which, when
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or the agreement between the
stacked, measures at least 100 mm (4 in.) in height, or one
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
piece of finished product that measures at least 100 mm in
between rolls and within rolls to provide a meaningful producer’s risk,
height.
consumer’s risk, acceptance quality level, and limiting quality level.
NOTE 2—For highloft nonwoven fabrics, typically, four to six pieces
6. Apparatus
are stacked to make a specimen.
6.1 Steel Rule, graduated in at least 1-mm (0.05-in.) incre-
7.3.2 Cutting Test Specimens—If making one test per unit,
ments at least 150 mm (6 in.) long or suitable length to measure
cut the pieces for each specimen at random across and along
specimens’ heights for the material of interest.
each laboratory sampling unit, preferably along the diagonal. If
6.2 Timer, such as a clock, capable of indicating the total
testing right, center, and left areas, cut the pieces needed for
time interval of the test method (see 8.2) and graduated in
each specimen from the appropriate section of each laboratory
hours and minutes.
sampling unit.
6.3 Plates:
8. Conditioning
6.3.1 Base or Bottom Plate, 230 by 230 by 6.35-mm (9 by
9by ⁄4-in.) plywood plate covered with aluminum foil, or a 8.1 No preconditioning is needed.
piece of aluminum sheet. 8.2 Control the temperature for conditioning and testing
6.3.2 Cover or Top Plate, 230 by 230 by 6.35-mm (9 by 9 between 20 and 24°C (68 and 75°F). No control of relative
by ⁄4-in.) plywood plate covered with aluminum foil weighing humidity is required.
187 6 2 g (0.41 6 0.005 lb).
9. Procedure
6.4 Weight, pieces of metal, liquid-filled containers, or other
9.1 Height Measurements:
appropriate substitute of a specific mass to equal 7.26 kg (16
9.1.1 For each height determination, make four measure-
lb) used to compress highloft battings.
ments of distance from the top of the base plate to the bottom
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
of the cover plate, with a measurement at the midpoint of each
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, side of the cover plate. Make the four measurements in rapid
take at random the number of rolls directed in an application succession and read to the nearest mm (0.05 in.).
material specification or other agreement between the pur- 9.2 Option 1: Acceptance Testing:
chaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls, or pieces, of
9.2.1 Place a specimen (one piece or stack of pieces as
nonwoven material to be the primary sampling unit. In absence needed) on the base plate and add the cover plate. Measure the
of such an agreement, take the number of rolls specified in specimen height. Record the values, average the values in
Table 1. calculations in all sections, as the initial height, A. Once the
7.2 Laboratory Sample—For the laboratory sample, take a cover plate is put on the specimen, do not remove the cover
swatch extending the width of the fabric and approximately 1 plate until the test is completed.
m (1 yd) along the machine direction from each roll, or piece, 9.2.2 Immediately after measuring the initial height, place
in the lot sample. If the thickness of the sample is such that this the mass (6.4) centrally and uniformly and start the timer. After
D 6571
the mass has been on the specimen for 10 min measure the
where:
specimen height. Record the average of
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