ASTM D6037-96(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Coatings, particularly the high gloss coatings used on automobiles, boats, toys, etc., are subject to a wide variety of conditions (for example, wiping, cleaning, and exposure) that can mar their surface. The ability of these coatings to maintain their appearance is an important product attribute. These test methods provide a way to estimate the ability of high gloss coatings to resist mar damage.
These test methods do not provide fundamental values. However they are suitable for estimating the ability of high gloss coatings to resist mar.
Since the susceptibility of coatings to marring varies widely, the number of cycles that are needed to cause “relevant” mar damage also varies. Usually, 2 to 50 cycles are sufficient.
SCOPE
1.1 Two test methods are included. Test Method A uses a device that contains an abrasive wheel. Test Method B uses a device that contains a wheel that has been fitted with abrasive paper. Either method can be used to evaluate the dry abrasion mar resistance of coatings applied to planar, rigid surfaces. Each test method provides good discrimination between highly mar resistant coatings.
1.2 Mar resistance is assessed by measuring the gloss of abraded and unabraded areas. Mar resistance is directly related to the coating's ability to retain gloss in abraded areas.
Note 1—The mar resistance values obtained by these test methods have no absolute significance. They should only be used to derive relative performance rankings for test panels that have been prepared from the series of coatings that are currently being evaluated. If mar resistance values are quoted between laboratories, it is essential that a common standard be measured and that the values be compared to that standard. Even then, the values should be used with caution.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D6037 − 96 (Reapproved2008)
Standard Test Methods for
Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
1.1 Two test methods are included. Test Method A uses a
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
device that contains an abrasive wheel. Test Method B uses a
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
device that contains a wheel that has been fitted with abrasive
D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
paper. Either method can be used to evaluate the dry abrasion
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
mar resistance of coatings applied to planar, rigid surfaces.
a Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)
Each test method provides good discrimination between highly
D1400 TestMethodforNondestructiveMeasurementofDry
mar resistant coatings.
Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a
1.2 Mar resistance is assessed by measuring the gloss of
Nonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)
abraded and unabraded areas. Mar resistance is directly related
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
to the coating’s ability to retain gloss in abraded areas.
ness
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and
NOTE1—Themarresistancevaluesobtainedbythesetestmethodshave
no absolute significance. They should only be used to derive relative Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
performance rankings for test panels that have been prepared from the
D4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differ-
series of coatings that are currently being evaluated. If mar resistance
ences Between Surfaces of Similar Appearance
values are quoted between laboratories, it is essential that a common
standard be measured and that the values be compared to that standard.
3. Terminology
Even then, the values should be used with caution.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.1 mar resistance, n—the ability of a coating to resist
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
permanent deformation or fracture, resulting from the applica-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
tion of a dynamic mechanical force. These test methods
and are not considered standard.
measure resistance to visible damage caused by mild abrasion.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 The coatings that are being evaluated are applied at
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
uniform dry film thickness to planar panels of uniform surface
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
texture. After drying or curing, or both, the panels are marred.
Mar resistance is assessed by measuring the coating’s gloss
2. Referenced Documents
within the abraded and unabraded areas of test panels. Mar
2.1 ASTM Standards:
resistance is directly related to the coating’s ability to retain
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
gloss in abraded areas.
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
5. Significance and Use
Related Coating Products
5.1 Coatings, particularly the high gloss coatings used on
automobiles, boats, toys, etc., are subject to a wide variety of
conditions (for example, wiping, cleaning, and exposure) that
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
can mar their surface. The ability of these coatings to maintain
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
their appearance is an important product attribute. These test
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approved
methods provide a way to estimate the ability of high gloss
in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D6037 - 96 (2002). DOI:
10.1520/D6037-96R08. coatings to resist mar damage.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6037 − 96 (2008)
5.2 These test methods do not provide fundamental values. 7. Preparation of Specimens
However they are suitable for estimating the ability of high
7.1 Prepare a minimum of two 4 by 4-in. panels for each
gloss coatings to resist mar.
coating that is being tested. Prepare and coat panels in
5.3 Since the susceptibility of coatings to marring varies accordance with Practices D609 and D823.
widely, the number of cycles that are needed to cause “rel-
7.1.1 Panels, thatis,metalpanelswitha ⁄4-in.(6-mm)hole
evant” mar damage also varies. Usually, 2 to 50 cycles are
drilled in the center to accommodate the mounting spindle, are
sufficient.
available.
7.1.2 If it is not convenient to apply test coatings to panels,
TEST METHOD A
other planar, distortion-free substrates can be used by substi-
tuting a “Drive Pin Type” specimen holder for the standard
6. Apparatus
panel holder.
6.1 Application Equipment, as described in Practices D609,
NOTE 4—It is important that the panels be planar for reproducible
and D823.
results. Cutting and drilling of painted panels has not been satisfactory.
NOTE 5—Measurements are color dependent. Dark colors give lower
6.2 Film Thickness Measuring Apparatus , as described in
valuesofglossretention.Tostandardize,itisrecommendedthattestingbe
Test Methods D1005, D1186 or D1400.
done using a black coating. Clearcoats are applied over a black basecoat.
6.3 Abrader —The abraser so constructed that wheels of For other colors a black panel should be included as a control.
several degrees of abrasiveness may be readily used. In this
method only the 500-g load is used unless otherwise specified. 8. Conditioning
6.4 Refacing Disc—An S-11 refacing disc for resurfacing 8.1 Cure the coated panels under conditions of temperature
and humidity as agreed upon between the purchaser and the
the abrasive wheels. The load selected is the same as the test
load. seller.
6.5 Abrasive Wheels—“Calibrase” wheels CS-10, unless 8.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser
otherwise specified or agreed. Wheels that have worn to the
and the seller, condition the coated panels for at least 24 h at
diameter of the wheel label should not be used. If the time of 73.5 6 3.5°F (23° 6 2°C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity in
the test is not within one year from date of purchase, the
accordance with Specification D3924. Conduct the test in the
following test may provide an indication of the degree of same environment or immediately after removal therefrom.
hardening which has occurred.
6.5.1 If required, measure hardness in accordance with Test 9. Procedure
Method D2240 on at least four points equally spaced on the
9.1 Using a glossmeter that has been properly adjusted,
center of the abrading surface and one point on each side
measure the 20° gloss at four positions within the test area that
surface of the wheel. The test on the abrading surface shall be
will be abraded. Record the mean of these four readings as
made with pressure applied vertically along the diameter of the
“Unabraded Gloss.”
wheel, and the reading taken 10 s after full pressure is applied.
NOTE 6—It is recommended that the panel be marked, or a template be
If any reading on a wheel exceeds the equivalent of 90 units on
created, to ensure that measurements are taken in the area that will be
aShoreAscale,thewheelshouldbeconsideredsuspectforthis
abraded.
method.
9.2 Mount the pair of “Calibrase” wheels to be used on their
NOTE 2—The abrasive quality of a “Calibrase” wheel may change with
respective flange holders, taking care not to handle them by
hardness. Hardness can change with time and storage conditions. How-
their abrasive surfaces. Select the same load to be used in the
ever, abrasive quality can’t be inferred from hardness mea
...
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