ASTM D2899-01
(Practice)Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Stresses for Round Timber Piles
Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Stresses for Round Timber Piles
SCOPE
1.1 This practice contains procedures for establishing allowable stresses for round timber piles starting with clear wood strength properties.
1.2 Stresses established under this practice are applicable to piles conforming to the quality, straightness, spiral grain, knot, check, shake, and split provisions of Specification D 25.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 2899 – 01
Standard Practice for
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Establishing Allowable Stresses for Round Timber Piles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2899; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Symbols:
C = adjustment for small clear compression perp for an-
cp
1.1 This practice contains procedures for establishing allow-
nual ring orientation (1/1.67)
able stresses for round timber piles starting with clear wood
C = conditioning factor
ct
strength properties.
C = adjustment for duration of load and factor of safety
dol
1.2 Stresses established under this practice are applicable to
C = adjustment for density applied for Douglas fir and
d
piles conforming to the quality, straightness, spiral grain, knot,
Southern pine only
check, shake, and split provisions of Specification D 25.
C = combined adjustment for form and size (= 0.97)
fs
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C = adjustment for grade characteristics applied to all
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the g
species including bending (0.75), compression (0.93), and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
shear (0.50)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C = adjustment for height in the tree (= 0.96 if softwoods
h
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and = 1.0 for hardwoods)
2. Referenced Documents
C = adjustment for height and for reduced variability (=
hv
0.98 for softwoods and = 1.05 for hardwood)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C = load sharing adjustment (structural engineers option)
D 25 Specification for Round Timber Piles ls
C = size adjustment
s
D 245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-
2
C = adjustment for shear deflection in calculation for bend-
lated Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber v
ing modulus of elasticity (= 1.06)
D 2555 Test Methods for Establishing Clear Wood Strength
2
D = diameter of a round timber pile
Values
E = clear wood unseasoned average modulus of elasticity
3. Terminology
from Test Methods D 2555
MOE = modulus of elasticity (average)
3.1 Definitions:
F = allowable stress for stress designated by the subscript b
3.1.1 allowable stress—the numeric value of pile strength b
F = allowable compression stress for pile tips
that is appropriate for use in structural analysis. c
f = small clear lower 5 % exclusion compression strength
3.1.2 end-bearing—compression-parallel-to-the-grain c05
in accordance with Test Methods D 2555
stress resulting when pile load is not carried to the soil through
f = lower 5 % exclusion value for stress “x” determined
skin friction.
i05
using the green, small clear strength and standard deviation
3.1.3 load sharing—the distribution of load in proportion to
values reported in Test Methods D 2555
pile stiffness. This results in piles that perform as a group
b = stress value subscripts, c = compression parallel,
reducing effects of between-pile variability and increasing
cp = compression perpendicular, b = bending, v = shear
system reliability over that of piles which perform indepen-
dently.
4. Significance and Use
3.1.4 skin friction—the interaction between the pile surface
4.1 This practice is intended for use by associations, tech-
and the soil which serves to distribute load either away from or
nical societies and other groups that develop national design
into a pile. A positive skin friction refers to pile loads
standards and use recommendations for round timber piles.
distributed to the soil. Negative skin friction distributes load to
4.2 In using allowable stresses established under this prac-
the pile when soil strata subside or consolidate.
tice, factors specific to each end use which may affect the
performance of the pile system shall be considered. Such
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and
factors include the location of the critical section, the bearing
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.04 on Pole and Pile Products.
Current edition approved April 10, 2001. Published August 2001. Originally
capacity of the soil, the ability of the pile to withstand driving
published as D 2899 – 70 T. Last previous edition D 2899 – 95.
forces and conditions of service.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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