ASTM D2899-03

Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Stresses for Round Timber Piles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for use by associations, technical societies and other groups that develop national design standards and use recommendations for round timber piles.
In using allowable stresses established under this practice, factors specific to each end use which may affect the performance of the pile system shall be considered. Such factors include the location of the critical section, the bearing capacity of the soil, the ability of the pile to withstand driving forces and conditions of service.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice contains procedures for establishing allowable stresses for round timber piles starting with clear wood strength properties.
1.2 Stresses established under this practice are applicable to piles conforming to the quality, straightness, spiral grain, knot, check, shake, and split provisions of Specification D 25.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2003
• ICS: 79.080 - Semi-manufactures of timber
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.04 - Pole and Pile Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2899-01 - Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Stresses for Round Timber Piles
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D2899-11 - Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Stresses for Round Timber Piles
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D7381-07(2021)e1 - Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Stresses for Round Timbers for Piles from Tests of Full-Size Material
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D3200-74(2022) - Standard Specification and Test Method for Establishing Recommended Design Stresses for Round Timber Construction Poles
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D25-12(2022) - Standard Specification for Round Timber Piles
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D3957-09(2020) - Standard Practices for Establishing Stress Grades for Structural Members Used in Log Buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2899–03
Standard Practice for
1
Establishing Allowable Stresses for Round Timber Piles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2899; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 load sharing—the distribution of load in proportion to
pile stiffness. This results in piles that perform as a group
1.1 Thispracticecontainsproceduresforestablishingallow-
reducing effects of between-pile variability and increasing
able stresses for round timber piles starting with clear wood
system reliability over that of piles which perform indepen-
strength properties.
dently.
1.2 Stresses established under this practice are applicable to
3.1.4 skin friction—the interaction between the pile surface
piles conforming to the quality, straightness, spiral grain, knot,
and the soil which serves to distribute load either away from or
check, shake, and split provisions of Specification D25.
into a pile. A positive skin friction refers to pile loads
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
distributed to the soil. Negative skin friction distributes load to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the pile when soil strata subside or consolidate.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Symbols:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C = adjustment for small clear compression perp for an-
cp
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
nual ring orientation (1/1.67)
2. Referenced Documents C = conditioning factor
ct
2
C = adjustment for duration of load and factor of safety
2.1 ASTM Standards: dol
C = adjustment for density applied for Douglas fir and
d
D25 Specification for Round Timber Piles
Southern pine only
D245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-
C = combined adjustment for form and size (= 0.97)
fs
lated Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber
C = adjustment for grade characteristics applied to all
D2555 Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Val- g
species including bending (0.75), compression (0.93), and
ues
shear (0.50)
3. Terminology
C = adjustment for height in the tree (= 0.96 if softwoods
h
and = 1.0 for hardwoods)
3.1 Definitions:
C = adjustment for height and for reduced variability
3.1.1 allowable stress—the numeric value of pile strength hv
(MOR = 0.91forsoftwoods,1.05forhardwoods, C// = 0.91for
that is appropriate for use in structural analysis.
softwoods, 1.05 for hardwoods, Shear = 0.99 for softwoods,
3.1.2 end-bearing—compression-parallel-to-the-grain
1.03 for hardwoods)
stress resulting when pile load is not carried to the soil through
C = load sharing adjustment (structural engineers option)
skin friction. ls
C = size adjustment
s
C = adjustment for shear deflection in calculation for bend-
v
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and
ing modulus of elasticity (= 1.06)
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.04 on Pole and Pile Products.
D = diameter of a round timber pile
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originally
E = clear wood unseasoned average modulus of elasticity
approved in 1970 as D2899 – 70 T. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as
D2899 – 01. DOI: 10.1520/D2899-03.
from Test Methods D2555
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
MOE = modulus of elasticity (average)
contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnual Book of ASTM
F = allowable stress for stress designated by the subscript b
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on b
the ASTM website. F = allowable compression stress for pile tips
c
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1

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D2899–03
f = small clear lower 5 % exclusion compression strength 7. Pile Variability
c05
in accordance with Test Methods D2555
7.1 Standard deviations given in Test Methods D2555 and
f = lower 5 % exclusion value for stress “x” determined
used to calculate 5 % exclusion values include both variability
i05
using the green, small clear strength and standard deviation
in properties between trees and variability in properties occur-
values reported in Test Methods D2555
ring within the cross section and along the length of an
b = stress value subscripts, c = compression parallel,
individual tree.
cp = compression perpendicular, b = bending, v = shear
7.2 For round timber piles, only the between tree compo-
nent of varianc
...