ASTM D8358-21
(Guide)Standard Guide for Assessment and Inclusion of Wall Deposits in the Analysis of Single-Stage Samplers for Airborne Particulate Matter
Standard Guide for Assessment and Inclusion of Wall Deposits in the Analysis of Single-Stage Samplers for Airborne Particulate Matter
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The following is a non-exclusive list of standards to which this guide applies: Guide D6062; Test Methods D4185, D4532, D6785, D7035, D7439, D7948; and Practices D6061 and D6552.
5.2 The applicability of this guide to other standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22, but not the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04, should be considered where analyte entry into the sampler is considered the sample and where analyte adherence to internal sampler surfaces (“walls”) is likely to scavenge analyte from the collection substrate.
5.3 Aerosol samplers typically consist of a filter or other collection substrate, for example an impaction plate or foam, supported in a container or holder. The entire device typically is considered an aerosol sampler. The sampling efficiency of the aerosol sampler, that is, the ratio of the concentration collected by the collection substrate to the undisturbed concentration in the air, has three components: (1) aspiration (or entry) efficiency; (2) transport efficiency (depending on design, both from entry “plane” to internal separator and from any internal separator to collection substrate); and (3) penetration (through the internal separator). For a sampler of a specific design, the three efficiency components are functions of particle (aerodynamic) size and flow rate. The aspiration efficiency also depends on wind speed and direction, while the sampler’s angle to the vertical influences both the aspiration efficiency and the transport efficiency. Ideally, when a sampler is designed and tested for its sampling performance, or both, it should first be established what is considered as the collected sample (that is, the deposit on the collection substrate, but also any deposits on any internal surfaces if these are to be analysed).
5.4 Part of the aerosol entering a sampler will deposit on the internal surfaces of the sampler prior to reaching the collection substrate. There are number of mechanisms by which this...
SCOPE
1.1 Many methods for sampling airborne particulate matter entail aerosol collection on a substrate (typically a filter) housed within a container (or holder), the whole apparatus being referred to as an aerosol sampler. In operation, the sampler allows a vacuum (pressure below ambient or room air pressure) to be applied to the rear of the substrate so that sampled air will pass through the substrate, leaving collected particles on the substrate for subsequent analysis. The sampler may also protect the substrate, while the opening (orifice) of the container may further play some role in determining what size range(s) of particles approach the collection substrate (size-selective sampling).
1.2 All particles entering the container orifice are considered part of the sample, unless stated otherwise in the method, but not all particles are necessarily found on the substrate after sampling (1).2 Particles may be deposited on the inner walls of the sampler during sampling or may be deposited on the inside walls of the sampler or on the orifice plug or cap following transportation (2). These particles are often loosely referred to as wall deposits. This guide presents background on the importance of these wall deposits and offers procedures by which these deposits can be assessed and included in the sample.
1.3 Wall deposits may also occur in multi-stage samplers (for example, cascade impactors), but this guide does not cover such samplers.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in acco...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8358 − 21
Standard Guide for
Assessment and Inclusion of Wall Deposits in the Analysis
1
of Single-Stage Samplers for Airborne Particulate Matter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8358; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 Many methods for sampling airborne particulate matter
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
entail aerosol collection on a substrate (typically a filter)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
housed within a container (or holder), the whole apparatus
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
being referred to as an aerosol sampler. In operation, the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
sampler allows a vacuum (pressure below ambient or room air
pressure) to be applied to the rear of the substrate so that
2. Referenced Documents
sampled air will pass through the substrate, leaving collected
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
particles on the substrate for subsequent analysis. The sampler
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
may also protect the substrate, while the opening (orifice) of
Atmospheres
the container may further play some role in determining what
D4185Test Method for Measurement of Metals in Work-
size range(s) of particles approach the collection substrate
placeAtmospheres by FlameAtomicAbsorption Spectro-
(size-selective sampling).
photometry
1.2 All particles entering the container orifice are consid-
D4532Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace At-
ered part of the sample, unless stated otherwise in the method,
mospheres Using Cyclone Samplers
but not all particles are necessarily found on the substrate after
D6061Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Respi-
2
sampling (1). Particlesmaybedepositedontheinnerwallsof
rable Aerosol Samplers
thesamplerduringsamplingormaybedepositedontheinside
D6062GuideforPersonalSamplersofHealth-RelatedAero-
walls of the sampler or on the orifice plug or cap following
sol Fractions
transportation (2). These particles are often loosely referred to
D6552Practice for Controlling and Characterizing Errors in
as wall deposits. This guide presents background on the
Weighing Collected Aerosols
importance of these wall deposits and offers procedures by
D6785TestMethodforDeterminationofLeadinWorkplace
which these deposits can be assessed and included in the
Air Using Flame or Graphite FurnaceAtomicAbsorption
sample.
Spectrometry
1.3 Wall deposits may also occur in multi-stage samplers
D7035Test Method for Determination of Metals and Met-
(forexample,cascadeimpactors),butthisguidedoesnotcover
alloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively
such samplers.
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-
AES)
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D7439Test Method for Determination of Elements in Air-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
borne Particulate Matter by Inductively Coupled Plasma-
standard.
–Mass Spectrometry
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D7948Test Method for Measurement of Respirable Crystal-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
line Silica in Workplace Air by Infrared Spectrometry
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 1—Other standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D22 on Air Quality, including standards that are not the direct responsi-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality, may also be
affected by this guide and should be considered on a case-by-case basis.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on WorkplaceAir Quality.
3
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published February 2021. DOI: 10.1520/ For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D8358-21. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
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