ASTM D8141-22
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selecting Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) Emission Testing Methods to Determine Emission Parameters for Modeling of Indoor Environments
Standard Guide for Selecting Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) Emission Testing Methods to Determine Emission Parameters for Modeling of Indoor Environments
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Emissions of VOCs are typically controlled by internal mass-transfer limitations (for example, diffusion through the material), while emissions of SVOCs are typically controlled by external mass-transfer limitations (migration through the air immediately above the material). The emission of some chemicals may be controlled by both internal and external mass-transfer limitations. In addition, due to their lower vapor pressure, SVOCs generally adsorb to different media (chamber walls, building materials, particles, and other surfaces) at greater rates than VOCs. This sorption can increase the amount of time required to reach steady-state SVOC concentrations using conventional VOC emission test methods to months for a single test (2).
4.2 Thus, existing methods for characterizing emissions of VOCs may not be appropriate or practical to properly characterize emission rates of SVOCs for use in modeling SVOC concentrations in indoor environments. A mass-transfer framework is needed to accurately assess emission rates of SVOCs when predicting the SVOC indoor air concentrations in indoor environments. The SVOC mass-transfer framework includes SVOC emission characteristics and its partition to multimedia including sorption to indoor surfaces, airborne particles, and settled dust. Once the SVOC emission parameters and partitioning coefficients have been determined, these values can be used to modeling SVOC indoor concentrations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to serve as a foundation for understanding when to use emission testing methods designed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to determine area-specific emission rates that are typically used in modeling indoor air VOC concentrations and when to use emission testing methods designed for semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) to determine mass transfer emission parameters that are typically used to model indoor air, dust, and surface SVOC concentrations.
1.2 This guide discusses how organic chemicals are conventionally categorized with respect to volatility.
1.3 This guide presents a simplified mass-transfer model describing organic chemical emissions from a material to bulk air. The values of the model parameters are shown to be specific to material/chemical/chamber combinations.
1.4 This guide shows how to use a mass-transfer model to estimate whether diffusion of the chemical within the material or convective mass transfer of the chemical from the surface of the material to the overlying air limits chemical emissions from the material surface.
1.5 This guide describes the range of different chambers that are available for emission testing. The chambers are classified as either dynamic or static and either conventional or sandwich. The chambers are categorized as being optimal to determine either the area-specific emission rate or mass-transfer emission parameters.
1.6 This guide discusses the roles sorption and convective mass-transfer coefficients play in selecting the appropriate emission chamber and analysis method to accurately and efficiently characterize emissions from indoor materials for use in modeling indoor chemical concentrations.
1.7 This guide recommends when to choose an emission test method that is optimized to determine either the area-specific emission rate or mass-transfer emission parameters. For chemicals where the controlling mass-transfer process is unknown, the guide outlines a procedure to determine if the chemical emission is controlled by convective mass transfer of the chemical from the material.
1.8 This guide does not provide specific guidance for measuring emission parameters or conducting indoor exposure modeling.
1.9 Mechanisms controlling emissions from wet and dry materials and products are different. This guide considers the emission of chemicals from dry materials and products. Examples of functional uses of VOCs and SVOCs that this guide applies to include blowing agents, ...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8141 − 22
Standard Guide for
Selecting Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Semi-
Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) Emission Testing
Methods to Determine Emission Parameters for Modeling of
1
Indoor Environments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8141; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 Thisguiderecommendswhentochooseanemissiontest
method that is optimized to determine either the area-specific
1.1 This guide is intended to serve as a foundation for
emissionrateormass-transferemissionparameters.Forchemi-
understanding when to use emission testing methods designed
cals where the controlling mass-transfer process is unknown,
for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to determine area-
the guide outlines a procedure to determine if the chemical
specific emission rates that are typically used in modeling
emission is controlled by convective mass transfer of the
indoor air VOC concentrations and when to use emission
chemical from the material.
testing methods designed for semi-volatile organic compounds
(SVOCs) to determine mass transfer emission parameters that
1.8 This guide does not provide specific guidance for
are typically used to model indoor air, dust, and surface SVOC measuring emission parameters or conducting indoor exposure
concentrations.
modeling.
1.2 Thisguidediscusseshoworganicchemicalsareconven-
1.9 Mechanisms controlling emissions from wet and dry
tionally categorized with respect to volatility.
materials and products are different. This guide considers the
emission of chemicals from dry materials and products. Ex-
1.3 This guide presents a simplified mass-transfer model
amples of functional uses of VOCs and SVOCs that this guide
describing organic chemical emissions from a material to bulk
applies to include blowing agents, flame retardants, adhesives,
air. The values of the model parameters are shown to be
plasticizers, solvents, antioxidants, preservatives, and coalesc-
specific to material/chemical/chamber combinations.
2
ing agents (1). Emission estimations for other VOC and
1.4 This guide shows how to use a mass-transfer model to
SVOC classes including those generated by incomplete
estimate whether diffusion of the chemical within the material
combustion, spray application, or application as a powder
orconvectivemasstransferofthechemicalfromthesurfaceof
(pesticides, termiticides, herbicides, stain repellents, sealants,
thematerialtotheoverlyingairlimitschemicalemissionsfrom
water repellants) (1) may require different approaches than
the material surface.
outlined in this guide because these processes can increase
1.5 Thisguidedescribestherangeofdifferentchambersthat
short-term concentrations of chemicals in the air independent
are available for emission testing. The chambers are classified
of the volatility of the chemical and its categorization as a
as either dynamic or static and either conventional or sand-
VVOC (very volatile organic compounds), VOC, SVOC, or
wich. The chambers are categorized as being optimal to
NVOC (non-volatile organic compounds).
determine either the area-specific emission rate or mass-
1.10 The effects of the emissions (for example, exposure,
transfer emission parameters.
and health effects on occupants) are not addressed and are
1.6 This guide discusses the roles sorption and convective
beyond the scope of this guide.
mass-transfer coefficients play in selecting the appropriate
1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
emission chamber and analysis method to accurately and
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
efficiently characterize emissions from indoor materials for use
standard.
in modeling indoor chemical concentrations.
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
2
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8141 – 17. DOI: The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
10.1520/D8141-22. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ---------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8141 − 17 D8141 − 22
Standard Guide for
Selecting Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Semi-
Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) Emission Testing
Methods to Determine Emission Parameters for Modeling of
1
Indoor Environments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8141; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is intended to serve as a foundation for understanding when to use emission testing methods designed for volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) to determine area-specific emission rates that are typically used in modeling indoor air VOC
concentrations and when to use emission testing methods designed for semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) to determine
mass transfer emission parameters that are typically used to model indoor air, dust, and surface SVOC concentrations.
1.2 This guide discusses how organic chemicals are conventionally categorized with respect to volatility.
1.3 This guide presents a simplified mass transfer mass-transfer model describing organic chemical emissions from a material to
bulk air. The values of the model parameters are shown to be specific to material/chemical/chamber combinations.
1.4 This guide shows how to use a mass transfer mass-transfer model to estimate whether diffusion of the chemical within the
material or convective mass transfer of the chemical from the surface of the material to the overlying air limits chemical emissions
from the material surface.
1.5 This guide describes the range of different chambers that are available for emission testing. The chambers are classified as
either dynamic or static and either conventional or sandwich. The chambers are categorized as being optimal to determine either
the area-specific emission rate or mass transfer mass-transfer emission parameters.
1.6 This guide discusses the roles sorption and convective mass transfer mass-transfer coefficients play in selecting the
properappropriate emission chamber and analysis method to accurately and efficiently characterize emissions from indoor
materials for use in modeling indoor chemical concentrations.
1.7 This guide gives recommendations on recommends when to choose an emission test method that is optimized to determine
either the area-specific emission rate or mass transfer mass-transfer emission parameters. For chemicals where the controlling mass
transfer mass-transfer process is unknown, the guide outlines a procedure to determine if the chemical emission is controlled by
convective mass transfer of the chemical from the material.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Nov. 1, 2022. Published October 2017December 2022. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
D8141 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D8141-17.10.1520/D8141-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8141 − 22
1.8 This guide does not provide specific guidance for measuring emission parameters.parameters or conducting indoor exposure
modeling.
1.9 Mechanisms controlling emissions from wet and dry materials and products are different. This guide considers the emission
of chemicals from dry materials and products. Examples of functional uses of VOCs and SVOCs that this guide applies to include
2
blowing agents, flame retardants, adhesives, plasticizers, solvents, antioxidants, preservatives, and coalescing agents (1). Emission
estimations for other VOC and SVOC classes including those generated by incomplete combustion, sprayed, spray application, or
appliedapplication as a powder (pesticides, termiticides, herbicides, stain repellents, sealants, water repellants) (1) may require
different approaches than outlined in this guide.guide because these processes can increase short-term concentrations of chemicals
in the air independent of the volatility of the chemical and its categorization as a VVOC (very volatile organic compounds), VOC,
SVOC, or NVOC (non-volatile organic compounds).
1.10 The effects of the emissions (for example, exposure, and health effects on occupants) are not addressed and ar
...
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