ASTM F1546-96(2018)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Fire Hose Nozzles
Standard Specification for Fire Hose Nozzles
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, manufacture, and testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or fresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spray patterns. Marine fire hose nozzles may be classified into four general construction types, as follows: Type I; Type II; Type III; and Type IV. Nozzle types may be subdivided into three general classes, as follows: Class I; Class II; and Class III. Classes may be subdivided into two general sizes. Tensile strength, ultimate elongation, tensile set test, compression set test, accelerated aging test, aging exposure, ultraviolet light-water exposure, discharge calibration test, flow pattern test, flushing test, control tests, corrosion exposure, high temperature test, low temperature test, rough usage test, leakage test, hydrostatic pressure test, operator protection test, and horizontal distance shall be performed to conform with specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, and testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or fresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spray patterns.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1546 − 96 (Reapproved 2018) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Fire Hose Nozzles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1546; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, and 3.1 Definitions:
testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or 3.1.1 ball shut-off, n—a spray nozzle configuration that
fresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spray stops the flow of water through the nozzle by rotating the ball
patterns. through which the water flows so that the passage no longer
aligns with the nozzle flow passage.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.2 break apart, n—a feature that allows the nozzle tip to
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
be disconnected from the nozzle body by virtue of a coupling
standard.
identical to that on the hose end of the nozzle.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3 constant flow rate spray nozzle, n—an adjustable
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
pattern nozzle in which the flow is delivered at a designed
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
nozzle pressure. At the rated pressure, the nozzle will deliver a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
constant flow rate from straight stream through a wide angle
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
pattern. This is accomplished by maintaining a constant orifice
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
size during flow pattern adjustment.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.4 constant pressure (automatic) spray nozzle, n—an
adjustable pattern nozzle in which the pressure remains con-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stant through a range of flows rates. The constant pressure
A313/A313M Specification for Stainless Steel Spring Wire
provides the velocity for an effective stream reach at various
A580/A580M Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
flow rates. This is accomplished by means of a pressure-
A582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless
activated, self-adjusting orifice baffle.
Steel Bars
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus 3.1.5 constant/select flow rate feature, n—a nozzle feature
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set that allows on-site adjustment of the orifice to change the flow
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas- rate to a predetermined value. The flow rate remains constant
tic Elastomers—Tension throughout the range of pattern selection from straight stream
D572 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration by Heat and to wide angle spray.
Oxygen
3.1.6 free swivel coupling, n—a coupling between the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
nozzle and hose or between halves of a break-apart nozzle that
is capable of being turned readily by hand; that is, a spanner
2.2 NFPA Standards:
NFPA 1963 Standards for Screw Threads and Gaskets for wrench is not required to tighten the coupling to prevent
leakage.
Fire Hose Connections
3.1.7 flush, n—a feature in a nozzle that allows the orifice to
be opened so that small debris that might otherwise be trapped
in the nozzle, causing pattern disruptions and flow variation,
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
can pass through. When the flush feature is engaged, the nozzle
General Requirements.
pressure will drop and the pattern will deteriorate.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
ɛ1
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F1546 – 96 (2012) . 3.1.8 lever-type control, n—a control in which the handle
DOI: 10.1520/F1546-96R18.
operates along the axis of the nozzle.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.9 pistol grip, n—a feature usually available as an attach-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ment that allows a nozzle to be held like a pistol.
the ASTM website.
3 3.1.10 rated pressure, n—that pressure for which the nozzle
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. is designed to operate at a specified flow rate(s).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1546 − 96 (2018)
3.1.11 rotational-type control, n—a control that rotates in a 6.1.3.3 Be able to withstand ozone and ultraviolet light
plane perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle. exposure if used on the external portion of the nozzle.
6.1.4 All materials shall have tensile set of not more than 5
4. Classification
mm as determined in accordance with 6.2.1, and compression
set not more than 15 % as determined in accordance with 6.2.2.
4.1 Marine fire hose nozzles may be classified into four
general construction types, as follows:
6.2 Specific Requirements for Rubber Sealing Materials:
4.1.1 Type I—Pistol grip, lever-type control operated.
6.2.1 Tensile Strength, Ultimate Elongation, and Tensile Set
4.1.2 Type II—Nonpistol grip, lever-type control operated.
Tests:
4.1.3 Type III—Break apart, pistol grip, lever-type control
6.2.1.1 Tensile strength, ultimate elongation, and tensile set
operated.
shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods D412,
4.1.4 Type IV—Break apart, nonpistol grip, lever-type con-
Method A, except that, for tensile set determinations, the
trol operated.
elongation shall be maintained for only 3 min, and the tensile
set shall be measured 3 min after release of the specimen. The
4.2 Nozzle types may be subdivided into three general
elongation of a specimen for a tensile set determination is to be
classes, as follows:
such that the bench marks 25 mm apart become separated to a
4.2.1 Class I—Constant flow rate.
distance of 76 mm.
4.2.2 Class II—Constant/select flow rate.
6.2.1.2 If a specimen breaks outside the bench marks, or if
4.2.3 Class III—Constant pressure.
either the measured tensile strength or ultimate elongation of
4.3 Classes may be subdivided into two general sizes, as
the specimen is less than the required value, an additional
follows:
specimen shall be tested, and those results shall be considered
4.3.1 Size 38 mm, with free swivel base.
final. Results of tests for specimens that break in the curved
4.3.2 Size 64 mm, with free swivel base.
portion just outside the bench marks may be accepted if the
measured strength and elongation values are within the mini-
5. Ordering Information
mum requirements.
5.1 The following shall be specified when ordering:
6.2.2 Compression Set Test:
5.1.1 Quantity,
6.2.2.1 Type I specimens of the material shall be prepared
5.1.2 Type (see 4.1),
and the test conducted in accordance with Test Methods D395,
5.1.3 Class (see 4.2),
Method B. The specimens shall be exposed for 22 h at 22°C.
5.1.4 Size (see 4.3),
6.2.3 Accelerated Aging Test:
5.1.5 Material (see 6.1.2, 9.8.1, and 12), and
6.2.3.1 Specimens shall be prepared in the same manner as
5.1.6 Thread type.
for tensile strength and ultimate elongation and ultimate
elongation tests, except for the bench marks 25 mm apart that
6. Materials and Manufacture
shall be stamped on the specimen after the test exposure. The
exposure shall be conducted in accordance with Test Method
6.1 Materials:
6.1.1 All nozzle components and parts must be durable and D572.
6.2.3.2 All materials must retain not less than 70 % of the
demonstrate satisfactory operation during all performance tests
in Section 9. as-received tensile strength and ultimate elongation after the
accelerated aging test.
6.1.2 The nozzle body and any metal used in the construc-
tion of any part of the nozzle shall be corrosion resistant. 6.2.4 Silicone rubber (rubber having polyorganosiloxane as
its characteristic constituent) shall have a tensile strength of not
Copper alloys containing more than 15 % zinc are prohibited in
all parts that are in contact with the fluid flow. No aluminum less than 3.5 MPa and at least 100 % ultimate elongation as
determined in accordance with 9.3.2.
alloys may be used except for nozzles being operated exclu-
sively with fresh water. No ferrous material may be used 6.2.5 Sealing material other than silicone rubber shall have
except for the Type 300 series stainless steel for wire and a tensile strength of not less than 10 MPa and at least 200 %
springs in accordance with Specifications A313/A313M or ultimate elongation as determined in accordance with 6.2.1.
A580/A580M and for screws and pins in accordance with
Specification A582/A582M. 7. Configuration
6.1.3 All nonmetallic materials or synthetic elastomers used
7.1 All nozzles shall consist of the following components
to form a seal or gasket shall have the following properties:
and design:
6.1.3.1 Uniform dimensions,
7.1.1 Nozzle body,
6.1.3.2 Be of such size, shape, and resiliency as to withstand
7.1.2 Free swivel coupling,
ordinary usage and foreign matter carried by water, including
7.1.3 Shutoffs,
petrochemical solvents and high alkaline solutions such as
7.1.4 Shutoff seats,
those used for cleaning nozzles (see 6.2), and
7.1.5 Shutoff handle,
7.1.6 Bumper guard,
7.1.7 Seals,
Nozzle material should be galvanically compatible with the intended fire hose
7.1.8 Flushing feature,
couplings.
Threads should conform to a recognized industry standard such as NFPA 1963. 7.1.9 Pistol grip (optional), and
F1546 − 96 (2018)
7.1.10 Break apart feature (optional). 8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
8.1 All parts and assemblies of the nozzle including
7.2 Nozzles shall be provided with a lever-type control
castings, forgings, molded parts, stampings, bearings, ma-
shutoff handle which shall be in the closed position when the
chined surfaces and welded parts shall be clean and free from
handle is closest to the discharge end of the nozzle. Lever-type
sand, dirt, fins, pits, spurs, scale, flux, and other foreign
control of the flow rate must also be by means of the shutoff
material. All exposed edges shall be rounded or chamfered.
handle.
7.2.1 The inside clearances of the shutoff handle shall be a
9. Design Qualification Tests
minimum of 75 mm wide by 25 mm high.
7.2.2 The shutoff handle shall be of such a size that the 9.1 Four first production run specimens shall be randomly
operator’s hand in a fireman’s glove and closed on the handle selected and subjected to the tests described in 9.3 through 9.13
does not interfere with the operation of the shutoff handle in in sequential order.
any position.
9.2 The specimens shall exhibit no permanent deformation
that interferes with their proper operation during any test.
7.3 Spray pattern adjustment shall be by means of rotational
controls. Rotational controls shall traverse from a wide angle
9.3 Nonmetallic components shall be subjected to the fol-
spray pattern to narrow angle, to straight stream in a clockwise
lowing specific testing:
manner when viewed from the hose coupling end of the nozzle.
9.3.1 Aging Exposure:
The wide and narrow angle spray patterns shall be enhanced
9.3.1.1 Aging tests shall be performed before all other tests
with an impinging action by means of a minimum of one and
identified in this standard.
a maximum of two rows of fixed or rotating teeth concentric to
9.3.1.2 The specimens shall be subjected to air-oven aging
the discharge orifice.
for 180 days at 70°C and then allowed to cool at least 24 h in
air at 25°C and 50 % relative humidity.
7.4 Nozzles shall have a capability of clearing or flushing
9.3.1.3 At the conclusion of the test, the specimens shall be
debris from the nozzle without shutting down the hose line.
inspected and all functions shall be operated to ensure they
This may be accomplished either through the full open nozzle
operate properly. Cracking, crazing, or any other condition that
position or through a flush feature of the nozzle.
interferes with the proper operation of any specimen shall
7.4.1 If used, the flush feature shall have a separate control,
constitute failure of this test.
incorporate a detent, or shall require increased force to operate,
9.3.2 Ultraviolet Light-Water Exposure:
to indicate to the firefighter when the flush feature is being
9.3.2.1 Nozzle designs with exposed nonmetallic parts shall
engaged.
be subjected to ultraviolet light and water for 720 h.
7.5 All features and controls shall be operable by one hand
9.3.2.2 The ultraviolet light shall be obtained from two
of the operator while the other hand is holding the nozzle.
stationary enclosed carbon-arc lamps. The arc of each lamp is
to be formed between two vertical carbon electrodes, 13 mm in
7.6 A bumper shall be provided at the discharge end of the
diameter, located at the center of a revolvable vertical cylinder,
nozzle for protection against physical damage. The nozzle stem
787 mm in diameter and 450 mm in height. Each arc is to be
shall not extend past the bumper in any of the flow positions
enclosed with a number PX borosilicate-glass globe.
including flush.
9.3.2.3 The water shall conform to Type IV water in
7.7 The pistol grip, if one is provided, shall have four finger
Specification D1193.
notches on the tip side and the minimum span and width shall
9.3.2.4 The specimens are to be mounted vertically on the
be suitable for use with a hand wearing a typical fireman’s
inside of the revolvable cylinder, arcing the lamps, and the
glove.
cylinder continuously revolved around the stationary lamps at
1 revolution per minute. A system is to be provided so that each
7.8 Couplings shall be of a free swivel type.
specimen in turn is sprayed with water as the cylinder revolves.
7.9 Each nozzle shall be provided with a resilient gasket
During the operating cycle, each specimen is to be exposed to
fitted in the nozzle coupling recess. The gasket shall have
the light and water spray for 3 min and the light only for 17 min
dimensions in accordance with NFPA 1963. Type III and IV
(total 20 min). The air temperature within the revolving
nozzles shall incorporate an additional gasket to accommodate
cylinder of the apparatus during operations is to be maintained
the break-apart feature.
at 65°C.
9.3.2.5 At the conclusion of the test, the specimens shall be
7.10 Nozzles for use wi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: F1546 − 96 (Reapproved 2012) F1546 − 96 (Reapproved 2018)An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Fire Hose Nozzles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1546; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Designation was editorially changed to conform with units of measurement statement in November 2013.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, and testing of fire hose nozzles intended for use with sea water or fresh
water either in straight stream or adjustable spray patterns.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A313/A313M Specification for Stainless Steel Spring Wire
A580/A580M Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
A582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D572 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration by Heat and Oxygen
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
2.2 NFPA Standards:
NFPA 1963 Standards for Screw Threads and Gaskets for Fire Hose Connections
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 ball shut-off—shut-off, n—a spray nozzle configuration that stops the flow of water through the nozzle by rotating the ball
through which the water flows so that the passage no longer aligns with the nozzle flow passage.
3.1.2 break apart—apart, n—a feature that allows the nozzle tip to be disconnected from the nozzle body by virtue of a coupling
identical to that on the hose end of the nozzle.
3.1.3 constant flow rate spray nozzle—nozzle, n—an adjustable pattern nozzle in which the flow is delivered at a designed nozzle
pressure. At the rated pressure, the nozzle will deliver a constant flow rate from straight stream through a wide angle pattern. This
is accomplished by maintaining a constant orifice size during flow pattern adjustment.
3.1.4 constant pressure (automatic) spray nozzle—nozzle, n—an adjustable pattern nozzle in which the pressure remains
constant through a range of flows rates. The constant pressure provides the velocity for an effective stream reach at various flow
rates. This is accomplished by means of a pressure-activated, self-adjusting orifice baffle.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on General
Requirements.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2018. Published May 2012October 2018. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
ɛ1
F1546/F1546M – 96F1546 – 96 (2006).(2012) . DOI: 10.1520/F1546-96R12E01.10.1520/F1546-96R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1546 − 96 (2018)
3.1.5 constant/select flow rate feature—feature, n—a nozzle feature that allows on-site adjustment of the orifice to change the
flow rate to a predetermined value. The flow rate remains constant throughout the range of pattern selection from straight stream
to wide angle spray.
3.1.6 free swivel coupling—coupling, n—a coupling between the nozzle and hose or between halves of a break-apart nozzle that
is capable of being turned readily by hand; that is, a spanner wrench is not required to tighten the coupling to prevent leakage.
3.1.7 flush—flush, n—a feature in a nozzle that allows the orifice to be opened so that small debris that might otherwise be
trapped in the nozzle, causing pattern disruptions and flow variation, can pass through. When the flush feature is engaged, the
nozzle pressure will drop and the pattern will deteriorate.
3.1.8 lever-type control—control, n—a control in which the handle operates along the axis of the nozzle.
3.1.9 pistol grip—grip, n—a feature usually available as an attachment that allows a nozzle to be held like a pistol.
3.1.10 rated pressure—pressure, n—that pressure for which the nozzle is designed to operate at a specified flow rate(s).
3.1.11 rotational-type control—control, n—a control that rotates in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle.
4. Classification
4.1 Marine fire hose nozzles may be classified into four general construction types, as follows:
4.1.1 Type I—Pistol grip, lever-type control operated.
4.1.2 Type II—Nonpistol grip, lever-type control operated.
4.1.3 Type III—Break apart, pistol grip, lever-type control operated.
4.1.4 Type IV—Break apart, nonpistol grip, lever-type control operated.
4.2 Nozzle types may be subdivided into three general classes, as follows:
4.2.1 Class I—Constant flow rate.
4.2.2 Class II—Constant/select flow rate.
4.2.3 Class III—Constant pressure.
4.3 Classes may be subdivided into two general sizes, as follows:
4.3.1 Size 38 mm, with free swivel base.
4.3.2 Size 64 mm, with free swivel base.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 The following shall be specified when ordering:
5.1.1 Quantity,
5.1.2 Type (see 4.1),
5.1.3 Class (see 4.2),
5.1.4 Size (see 4.3),
5.1.5 Material (see 6.1.2, 9.8.1, and 12)), and
5.1.6 Thread typetype.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Materials:
6.1.1 All nozzle components and parts must be durable and demonstrate satisfactory operation during all performance tests in
Section 9.
6.1.2 The nozzle body and any metal used in the construction of any part of the nozzle shall be corrosion resistant. Copper alloys
containing more than 15 % zinc are prohibited in all parts that are in contact with the fluid flow. No aluminum alloys may be used
except for nozzles being operated exclusively with fresh water. No ferrous material may be used except for the Type 300 series
stainless steel for wire and springs in accordance with Specifications A313/A313M or A580/A580M and for screws and pins in
accordance with Specification A582/A582M.
6.1.3 All nonmetallic materials or synthetic elastomers used to form a seal or gasket shall have the following properties:
6.1.3.1 uniformUniform dimensions,
6.1.3.2 beBe of such size, shape, and resiliency as to withstand ordinary usage and foreign matter carried by water, including
petrochemical solvents and high alkaline solutions such as those used for cleaning nozzles (see 6.2), and
6.1.3.3 beBe able to withstand ozone and ultraviolet light exposure if used on the external portion of the nozzle.
6.1.4 All materials shall have tensile set of not more than 5 mm as determined in accordance with 6.2.1, and compression set
not more than 15 % as determined in accordance with 6.2.2.
Nozzle material should be galvanically compatible with the intended fire hose couplings.
Threads should conform to a recognized industry standard such as NFPA 1963.
F1546 − 96 (2018)
6.2 Specific Requirements for Rubber Sealing Materials:
6.2.1 Tensile Strength, Ultimate Elongation, and Tensile Set Tests:
6.2.1.1 Tensile strength, ultimate elongation, and tensile set shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods D412, Method
A, except that, for tensile set determinations, the elongation shall be maintained for only 3 min, and the tensile set shall be
measured 3 min after release of the specimen. The elongation of a specimen for a tensile set determination is to be such that the
bench marks 25 mm apart become separated to a distance of 76 mm.
6.2.1.2 If a specimen breaks outside the bench marks, or if either the measured tensile strength or ultimate elongation of the
specimen is less than the required value, an additional specimen shall be tested, and those results shall be considered final. Results
of tests for specimens that break in the curved portion just outside the bench marks may be accepted if the measured strength and
elongation values are within the minimum requirements.
6.2.2 Compression Set Test:
6.2.2.1 Type I specimens of the material shall be prepared and the test conducted in accordance with Test Methods D395,
Method B. The specimens shall be exposed for 22 h at 22°C.
6.2.3 Accelerated Aging Test:
6.2.3.1 Specimens shall be prepared in the same manner as for tensile strength and ultimate elongation and ultimate elongation
tests, except for the bench marks 25 mm apart that shall be stamped on the specimen after the test exposure. The exposure shall
be conducted in accordance with Test Method D572.
6.2.3.2 All materials must retain not less than 70 % of the as-received tensile strength and ultimate elongation after the
accelerated aging test.
6.2.4 Silicone rubber (rubber having polyorganosiloxane as its characteristic constituent) shall have a tensile strength of not less
than 3.5 MPa and at least 100 % ultimate elongation as determined in accordance with 9.3.2.
6.2.5 Sealing material other than silicone rubber shall have a tensile strength of not less than 10 MPa and at least 200 % ultimate
elongation as determined in accordance with 6.2.1.
7. Configuration
7.1 All nozzles shall consist of the following components and design:
7.1.1 Nozzle body,
7.1.2 Free swivel coupling,
7.1.3 Shutoffs,
7.1.4 Shutoff seats,
7.1.5 Shutoff handle,
7.1.6 Bumper guard,
7.1.7 Seals,
7.1.8 Flushing feature,
7.1.9 Pistol grip (optional), and
7.1.10 Break apart feature (optional).
7.2 Nozzles shall be provided with a lever-type control shutoff handle which shall be in the closed position when the handle
is closest to the discharge end of the nozzle. Lever-type control of the flow rate must also be by means of the shutoff handle.
7.2.1 The inside clearances of the shutoff handle shall be a minimum of 75 mm wide by 25 mm high.
7.2.2 The shutoff handle shall be of such a size that the operator’s hand in a fireman’s glove and closed on the handle does not
interfere with the operation of the shutoff handle in any position.
7.3 Spray pattern adjustment shall be by means of rotational controls. Rotational controls shall traverse from a wide angle spray
pattern to narrow angle, to straight stream in a clockwise manner when viewed from the hose coupling end of the nozzle. The wide
and narrow angle spray patterns shall be enhanced with an impinging action by means of a minimum of one and a maximum of
two rows of fixed or rotating teeth concentric to the discharge orifice.
7.4 Nozzles shall have a capability of clearing or flushing debris from the nozzle without shutting down the hose line. This may
be accomplished either through the full open nozzle position or through a flush feature of the nozzle.
7.4.1 If used, the flush feature shall have a separate control, incorporate a detent, or shall require increased force to operate, to
indicate to the firefighter when the flush feature is being engaged.
7.5 All features and controls shall be operable by one hand of the operator while the other hand is holding the nozzle.
7.6 A bumper shall be provided at the discharge end of the nozzle for protection against physical damage. The nozzle stem shall
not extend past the bumper in any of the flow positions including flush.
7.7 The pistol grip, if one is provided, shall have four finger notches on the tip side and the minimum span and width shall be
suitable for use with a hand wearing a typical fireman’s glove.
7.8 Couplings shall be of a free swivel type.
F1546 − 96 (2018)
7.9 Each nozzle shall be provided with a resilient gasket fitted in the nozzle coupling recess. The gasket shall have dimensions
in accordance with NFPA 1963. Type III and IV nozzles shall incorporate an additional gasket to accommodate the break-apart
feature.
7.10 Nozzles for use with 38-mm hoses shall weigh not more than 4.53 kg. Nozzles for use with 64-mm hoses shall weigh not
more than 5.9 kg.
7.11 Shutoff seats shall be self-adjusting or shall be adjustable without disassembly of the nozzle.
7.12 All features which incorporate a stop, detent, separate control, or increased force to engage shall be clearly labeled,
including the open and shutoff positions, pattern selection, and flow rate selection.
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
8.1 All parts and assemblies of the nozzle including castings, forgings, molded parts, stampings, bearings, machined surfaces
and welded parts shall be clean and free from sand, dirt, fins, pits, spurs, scale, flux, and other foreign material. All exposed edges
shall be rounded or chamfered.
9. Design Qualification Tests
9.1 Four first production run specimens shall be randomly selected and subjected to the tests described in 9.3 through 9.13 in
sequential order.
9.2 The specimens shall exhibit no permanent deformation that interferes with their proper operation during any test.
9.3 Nonmetallic components shall be subjected to the following specific testing:
9.3.1 Aging Exposure:
9.3.1.1 Aging tests shall be performed before all other tests identified in this standard.
9.3.1.2 The specimens shall be subjected to air-oven aging for 180 days at 70°C and then allowed to cool at least 24 h in air
at 25°C and 50 % relative humidity.
9.3.1.3 At the conclusion of the test, the specimens shall be inspected and all functions shall be operated to ensure they operate
properly. Cracking, crazing, or any other condition that interferes with the proper operation of any specimen shall constitute failure
of this test.
9.3.2 Ultraviolet Light-Water Exposure:
9.3.2.1 Nozzle designs with exposed nonmetallic parts shall be subjected to ultraviolet light and water for 720 h.
9.3.2.2 The ultraviolet light shall be obtained from two s
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