ASTM D6767-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Pore Size Characteristics of Geotextiles by Capillary Flow Test
Standard Test Method for Pore Size Characteristics of Geotextiles by Capillary Flow Test
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to:
5.1.1 Determine the pore size distribution of a geotextile,
5.1.2 Determine the maximum pore size of a geotextile,
5.1.3 Determine the mean flow pore size of a geotextile,
5.1.4 Determine the effect of processes such as calendaring or needle punching upon the pore size distribution,
5.1.5 Determine the effect of compression upon the pore size distribution of a geotextile, if the test equipment allows,
5.1.6 Determine the gas flow rate of a geotextile, and thereby its gas flow capability.
5.2 The pore size distribution test may also be used for research, material development or to assess clogging on field-retrieved samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pore size distribution of geotextile filters with pore sizes ranging from 1 to 1000 μm.
Note 1: The accuracy of this procedure has been verified up to a maximum pore size of 500 μm. Above this value accuracy has been found to be equipment dependent and should be verified by the user through checks on materials with known opening sizes.
1.2 The test method measures the entire pore size distribution in terms of a surface analysis of specified pore sizes in a geotextile, defined in terms of the limiting diameters.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6767 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Pore Size Characteristics of Geotextiles by Capillary Flow
1
Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6767; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bubble point pore size (O ), n—the largest effective
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pore
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pore diameter detected by the sudden increase of flow rate at
size distribution of geotextile filters with pore sizes ranging
the beginning of the wet test.
from 1 to 1000 µm.
3.2.2 pore constriction (O), n—diameter of a circle having
NOTE 1—The accuracy of this procedure has been verified up to a
maximum pore size of 500 µm.Above this value accuracy has been found
the same area as the smallest section of a given pore.
to be equipment dependent and should be verified by the user through
3.2.3 pore size (O), n—capillary equivalent pore diameter
checks on materials with known opening sizes.
i
for which the percent of total pore diameters i in a given
1.2 The test method measures the entire pore size distribu-
geotextile based on the surface occupied by the pores are
tion in terms of a surface analysis of specified pore sizes in a
smaller than or equal to that diameter.
geotextile, defined in terms of the limiting diameters.
3.2.4 pore size distribution (PSD), n—percent cumulative
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
distribution of the complete range of pore sizes with in a given
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
geotextile based on the surface occupied by the pores.
standard.
3.2.5 wetting fluid, n—fluid used to wet the geotextile test
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to specimen for the capillary porometry portion of the test
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its method, that is, the “wet” test. The verb “wet” is intended to
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to mean to completely saturate the geotextile specimen with the
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter- wetting fluid thoroughly such that the entire thickness of the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. specimen contains fluid with no entrained air bubbles.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Geotextile filters have discrete pores from one side to
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
theotherofthegeotextile.Thebubblepointtestisbasedonthe
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
principle that a wetting fluid is held in these continuous pores
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
by capillary attraction and surface tension, and the minimum
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
pressure required to force fluid from these pores is a function
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
of pore diameter.
3. Terminology
4.2 Afluid-wet geotextile will pass air when the applied air
pressure exceeds the capillary attraction of the fluid in the pore
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this
test method, refer to Terminologies D4439 and D1129. constriction. Smaller pore constrictions will exhibit similar
behavior at higher pressures. The relationship between pore
size and pressure has been established for the wetting fluid.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-
4.3 By comparing the gas flow rates of both a wet and dry
ability and Filtration.
test at the same pressures, the percentage of the flow passing
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally
through the filter pores larger than or equal to the specified size
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6767 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/D6767-16.
may be calculated from the pressure-size relationship. By
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
increasing pressure in small steps, it is possible to determine
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the flow contribution of very small pore size increments by
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. difference.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6767 − 16
5. Significance and Use 6.5 Flow Rate Me
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6767 − 14 D6767 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Pore Size Characteristics of Geotextiles by Capillary Flow
1
Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6767; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pore size distribution of geotextile filters with pore sizes ranging from 1
to 1000 μm.
NOTE 1—The accuracy of this procedure has been verified up to a maximum pore size of 500 μm. Above this value accuracy has been found to be
equipment dependent and should be verified by the user through checks on materials with known opening sizes.
1.2 The test method measures the entire pore size distribution in terms of a surface analysis of specified pore sizes in a
geotextile, defined in terms of the limiting diameters.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminologies D4439 and D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bubble point pore size (O ), n—the largest effective pore diameter detected by the sudden increase of flow rate at the
98
beginning of the wet test.
3.2.2 pore constriction (O), n—diameter of a circle having the same area as the smallest section of a given pore.
3.2.3 pore size (O ), n—capillary equivalent pore diameter for which the percent of total pore diameters i in a given geotextile
i
based on the surface occupied by the pores are smaller than or equal to that diameter.
3.2.4 pore size distribution (PSD), n—percent cumulative distribution of the complete range of pore sizes with in a given
geotextile based on the surface occupied by the pores.
3.2.5 wetting liquid,fluid, n—liquidfluid used to wet the geotextile test specimen for the capillary porometry portion of the test
method, that is, the “wet” test. The verb “wet” is intended to mean to completely saturate the geotextile specimen with the wetting
fluid thoroughly such that the entire thickness of the specimen contains fluid with no entrained air bubbles.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Permeability and
Filtration.
Current edition approved July 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2016. Published July 2014October 2016. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20112014 as
D6767D6767 – 14.–11. DOI: 10.1520/D6767-14.10.1520/D6767-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6767 − 16
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Geotextile filters have discrete pores from one side to the other of the geotextile. The bubble point test is based on the
principle that a wetting liquidfluid is held in these continuous pores by capillary attraction and surface tension, and the minimum
pressure required to force liquidfluid from these pores is a function of pore diameter.
4.2 A fluid-wet geotextile will pass air when the applied air pressure exceeds the capillary attraction of the fluid in the pore
constriction. Smaller pore constrictions will exhibit similar behavior at higher pressures. The relationship between pore size and
pressure has been established for the wetting fluid.
4.3 By comparing the gas flow rates of both
...
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