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ASTM D6022-06

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index

Standard Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Permanent Shear Stability Index (PSSI) is a measure of the loss of viscosity, due to shearing, contributed by a specified additive.
Note 2—For example, a PSSI of 50 means the additive will lose 50 % of the viscosity it contributes to the finished oil.
The selection of appropriate base fluids and additive concentrations to be used in test oils is left to individual operators or companies. These choices will depend on the intended application for the additive.
Note 3—PSSI may depend more strongly on base fluid, additive concentration, additive chemistry, and the presence of other additives for base fluids of unusual composition (for example, esters) or if additives outside the common range of chemistries and concentrations are used. Caution should be exercised when interpreting results from different sources.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice specifies the procedure for the calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index (PSSI) of an additive using viscosities before and after a shearing procedure.
1.2 PSSI is calculated for a single blend component and can then be used to estimate the effects of that component on finished lubricant blends.
1.3 This practice is applicable to many products and may use data from many different test methods. The calculation is presented in its most general form in order not to restrict its use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2006
ICS
17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.07 - Flow Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6022-01 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D6022-06(2012) - Standard Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM D5621-20 - Standard Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Hydraulic Fluids
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D2603-20 - Standard Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils
Effective Date
01-May-2006

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ASTM D6022-06 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6022 − 06
StandardPractice for
1
Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6022; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
4
1. Scope* 2.2 CEC Standards:
CEC L14A 93 Evaluation of the Mechanical Shear Stability
1.1 This practice specifies the procedure for the calculation
of Lubricating Oils Containing Polymers
of Permanent Shear Stability Index (PSSI) of an additive using
CEC L37 T 85 Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils
viscosities before and after a shearing procedure.
(FZG)
CEC L45 T 93 Viscosity Shear Stability of Transmission
1.2 PSSI is calculated for a single blend component and can
Lubricants (KRL)
then be used to estimate the effects of that component on
finished lubricant blends.
3. Terminology
1.3 This practice is applicable to many products and may
3.1 Definitions:
use data from many different test methods. The calculation is
3.1.1 degree of thickening (DT), n—the ratio of an oil’s
presented in its most general form in order not to restrict its
viscosity with an additive to that oil’s viscosity without the
use.
additive. A measure of the amount by which an additive
increases the base fluid viscosity.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.2 permanent shear stability index (PSSI), n—a measure
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the irreversible decrease, resulting from shear, in an oil’s
D2603 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-
viscosity contributed by an additive.
Containing Oils
3.1.2.1 Discussion—PSSI is a property calculated for a
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service single component. Viscosity Loss (q.v.) is a property measured
Category Engine Oils
for a finished oil.
D5119 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
3.1.3 shear, adj—a relative movement of molecules or
Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine (Withdrawn
molecular aggregates that occurs in flowing liquids. A shear
3
2003)
flow is one in which the spatial velocity gradient is perpen-
D5275 Test Method for Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test
dicular to the direction of flow.
(FISST) for Polymer Containing Fluids
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Not all flow geometries meet this defi-
D5621 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Hydraulic
nition.
Fluids
3.1.4 shear, v—to subject a liquid to a shear flow.
D6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Contain-
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Shearing an oil can sometimes cause
ing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus
scission of certain molecular species, resulting in a decrease in
D7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Contain-
viscosity. Not all oils exhibit this response. Common ways of
ing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at
shearing oils to elicit this effect include injection through a
30 and 90 Cycles
small orifice and flow through gears or bearings. Irradiation
with sonic energy can also decrease the viscosity of some oils.
3.1.5 Viscosity Loss (VL), n—a measure of the decrease in
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
an oil’s viscosity.
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Viscosity Loss is a property measured
Flow Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originally
for a finished oil. Permanent Shear Stability Index (q.v.)isa
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D6022–01. DOI:
property calculated for a single component. Some test methods
10.1520/D6022-06.
report VL as a relative change, which is dimensionless (for
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
example, Test Methods D2603, D5275, D6278, and D7109).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,
www.astm.org. Madou Plaza, Place Madou 1, B-1030 Brussels, Belgium.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6022 − 06
Some test methods and specifications report VLas an absolute 6. Procedure
change, which has the same dimensions as the viscosity
6.1 Calculate the degree of thickening:
measurements (for example, Specification D4485 and Test
DT 5 V /V (1)
0 b
Me
...

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Standard Practice for Calibrating U-tube Density Cells over Large Ranges of Temperature and Pressure

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5.1 This practice covers a series of methods offered to aid users in calibrating U-tube density meters to provide a measure of density and an associated expanded uncertainty. The reference density, as obtained from either an equation of state (EOS) or CRM has an uncertainty that arises from the uncertainty of the measurements of temperature, pressure, and also the chemical purity of the substance studied (origin) or for that matter of the certified reference material. This uncertainty results in an additional uncertainty for the density of these samples. Because the measurements made with U-tube density meters are not absolute, the uncertainty with which the instrument calibration is determined is directly related to the uncertainty of the density obtained.
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5.1 This test method evaluates the percent viscosity loss of fluids resulting from physical degradation in the high shear nozzle device. Thermal or oxidative effects are minimized.  
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Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer

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5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15 °C.  
5.3 The determination of densities at the elevated temperatures of 40 °C and 100 °C is particularly useful in providing the data needed for the conversion of kinematic viscosities in mm2/s (centistokes) to the corresponding dynamic viscosities in mPa·s (centipoises).
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1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the measurement of the density of materials which are fluid at the desired test temperature. Its application is restricted to liquids of vapor pressures below 80 kPa (600 mm Hg) and viscosities below 40 000 mm2/s (cSt) at the test temperature. The method is designed for use at any temperature between 20 °C and 100 °C. It can be used at higher temperatures; however, in this case the precision section does not apply.  
Note 1: For the determination of density of materials which are fluid at normal temperatures, see Test Method D1217.  
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for converting density to specific gravity.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D2162-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Because there are surface tension or kinematic viscosity differences, or both, between the primary standard (7.4) and kinematic viscosity standards (7.5), special procedures using master viscometers are required to “step-up” from the kinematic viscosity of the primary standard to the kinematic viscosities of oil standards.  
5.2 Using master viscometers calibrated according to this practice, an operator can calibrate kinematic viscometers in accordance with Specifications D446.  
5.3 Using viscosity oil standards established in this practice, an operator can calibrate kinematic viscometers in accordance with Specifications D446.
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1.1 This practice covers the calibration of master viscometers and viscosity oil standards, both of which may be used to calibrate routine viscometers as described in Test Method D445 and Specifications D446 over the temperature range from 15 °C to 100 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 The SI-based units for calibration constants and kinematic viscosities are mm2/s2 and mm 2/s, respectively.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.  
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ASTM D6616-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Shear Rate by Tapered Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 100 °C

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Viscosity at the shear rate and temperature of this test method is thought to be particularly representative of bearing conditions in large medium speed reciprocating engines as well as automotive and heavy duty engines operating in this temperature regime.  
5.2 The importance of viscosity under these conditions has been stressed in railroad specifications.  
5.3 For other industry needs this method may also be run at 80 °C by using different crossover calibration oils available from the manufacturer. No precision has been determined at this temperature. The equipment is also used at higher temperatures as shown in Test Method D4683 and CEC L-36-90 (also referenced from IP 370).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the viscosity of engine oils at 100 °C and 1·106s–1 using the Tapered Bearing Simulator (TBS) viscometer.2
Note 1: This test method is similar to Test Method D4683 which uses the same TBS viscometer to measure high shear viscosity at 150 °C.  
1.2 The Newtonian calibration oils used to establish this test method range from approximately 5 mPa·s (cP) to 12 mPa·s (cP) at 100 °C and either the manual or automated protocol was used by each participant in developing the precision statement. The viscosity range of the test method at this temperature is from 1 mPa·s (cP) to above 25 mPa·s (cP), depending on the model of TBS.  
1.3 The non-Newtonian reference oil used to establish the shear rate of 1·106s–1 for this test method has a viscosity of approximately 10 mPa·s at 100 °C.  
1.4 Application to petroleum products other than engine oil has not been determined in preparing the viscometric information for this test method.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. This test method uses the milliPascal second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscosity. This unit is equivalent to the centiPoise (cP), which is shown in parentheses.  
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ASTM
ASTM D7483-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Oscillating Piston Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many petroleum products, as well as non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor cylinders, hydraulic equipment, etc. Proper operation of this equipment depends upon the viscosity of these liquids.  
5.2 Oscillating piston viscometers allow viscosity measurement of a broad range of materials including transparent, translucent and opaque liquids. The measurement principle and stainless steel construction makes the Oscillating Piston Viscometer resistant to damage and suitable for portable operations. The measurement itself is automatic and does not require an operator to time the oscillation of the piston. The electromagnetically driven piston mixes the sample while under test. The instrument requires a sample volume of less than 5 mL and typical solvent volume of less than 10 mL which minimizes cleanup effort and waste.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of dynamic viscosity and derivation of kinematic viscosity of liquids, such as new and in-service lubricating oils, by means of an oscillating piston viscometer.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids; however the precision statement was developed using Newtonian liquids.  
1.3 The range of dynamic viscosity covered by this test method is from 0.2 mPa·s to 20 000 mPa·s (which is approximately the kinematic viscosity range of 0.2 mm2/s to 22 000 mm2/s for new oils) in the temperature range between –40 °C to 190 °C; however the precision has been determined only for new and used oils in the range of 34 mPa·s to 1150 mPa·s at 40 °C, 5.7 mPa·s to 131 mPa·s at 100 °C, and 46.5 mm2/s to 436 mm2/s at 40 °C.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off