ASTM D6716-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Total Ash in Wet Blue
Standard Test Method for Total Ash in Wet Blue
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful in determining the approximate amount of nonvolatile inorganic material in wet blue. This may be in the form of salts or oxides of the elements. In a mixed-chrome tannage, the approximate percentage of other elements in the wet blue may be determined by subtracting the chromic oxide that may be conveniently determined on the ash. (See Test Method D 6714.)
The specified temperature of 600°C is high enough to produce a reproducible result but it does not completely dehydrate such oxides as aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and chromic oxide (Cr2O3). Likewise, such salts as sulfates and phosphates may be incompletely dehydrated, and if alkalis and chromium are present simultaneously, oxidation to chromate may occur. Therefore, caution is advised in drawing conclusions based on quantitative relations of the elements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total ash in wet blue and wet white.
1.2 For total ash in wet white, the procedure is identical; substitute wet white for wet blue in the standard.
1.3 Total ash in wet blue may be reported upon a number of different bases (for example, fat-free, moisture-free, as received, excluding chromium, and so forth). Before proceeding with any tests, it is very important to determine upon which basis that the total ash is to be reported and to identify all other test methods that will be required to be executed in order to achieve the determined reporting method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6716 − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
Total Ash in Wet Blue or Wet White
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6716; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 The terms and definitions employed within this test
method are commonly used in normal laboratory practice and
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total ash in
require no special comment.
wet blue and wet white.
1.2 For total ash in wet white, the procedure is identical;
4. Summary of Test Method
substitute wet white for wet blue in the standard.
4.1 Theweighedsampleisignitedinairat600 625°Cuntil
1.3 Total ash in wet blue may be reported upon a number of
constant mass is attained. The weighed residual matter is
different bases (for example, fat-free, moisture-free, as
termed “ash” and is calculated as a percentage of the original
received, excluding chromium, and so forth). Before proceed-
sample.
ingwithanytests,itisveryimportanttodetermineuponwhich
basis that the total ash is to be reported and to identify all other
5. Significance and Use
test methods that will be required to be executed in order to
5.1 This test method is useful in determining the approxi-
achieve the determined reporting method.
mate amount of nonvolatile inorganic material in wet blue.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
This may be in the form of salts or oxides of the elements. In
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
a mixed-chrome tannage, the approximate percentage of other
standard.
elements in the wet blue may be determined by subtracting the
chromicoxidethatmaybeconvenientlydeterminedontheash.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(See Test Method D6714.)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 The specified temperature of 600°C is high enough to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
produce a reproducible result but it does not completely
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
dehydratesuchoxidesasaluminumoxide(Al O )andchromic
2 3
oxide (Cr O ). Likewise, such salts as sulfates and phosphates
2 3
2. Referenced Documents
may be incompletely dehydrated, and if alkalis and chromium
2
are present simultaneously, oxidation to chromate may occur.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Therefore, caution is advised in drawing conclusions based on
D3495 Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather
quantitative relations of the elements.
D6658 Test Method for Volatile Matter (Moisture) of Wet
Blue by Oven Drying
6. Apparatus
D6659 Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Wet Blue
for Physical and Chemical Tests
6.1 Crucible, 30- to 50-mL, high-form, platinum or porce-
D6714 Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Ashed Wet Blue
lain.
(Perchloric Acid Oxidation)
6.2 Electric Muffle Furnace, with controller or rheostat and
pyrometer, capable of maintaining a temperature of 600 6
3. Terminology
25°C.
3.1 Definitions:
6.3 Dessicator, of appropriate size and charged with fresh
dessicant.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
6.4 Analytical Balance, capable of accurate weighings to
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.02 on Wet Blue.
within 0.001 g.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6716 – 06. DOI:
7. Test Specimen
10.1520/D6716-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.1 The specimen shall consist of 2 to 10 g of wet blue from
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the composite sample, prepared in accordance with Practice
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. D6659.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6716 − 08
NOTE 1—Typically, wet blue is a combination of organic hide substance at 600 6 25°C as described above. Cool, add the filtrate to the crucible,
in conjunction with inorganic chromium tanning salts. However, under evaporate carefully to dryness, then ignite at 600 6 25°C to constant mass
some circumstances, silicones or other solvent-soluble organo-metallic as described previously.
complexes (including electrolyte-stable fat liquors) are added during
9. Calculation
manufacture and may be present within the sample. It may be desirable to
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6716–06 Designation:D6716–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Total Ash in Wet BlueTotal Ash in Wet Blue or Wet White
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6716; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers the determination of total ash in wet blue.
1.2Total ash in wet blue may be reported upon a number of different bases (for example, fat-free, moisture-free, as received,
excluding chromium, and so forth). Before proceeding with any tests, it is very important to determine upon which basis that the
total ash is to be reported and to identify all other test methods that will be required to be executed in order to achieve the
determined reporting method.
1.3
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total ash in wet blue and wet white.
1.2 For total ash in wet white, the procedure is identical; substitute wet white for wet blue in the standard.
1.3 Total ash in wet blue may be reported upon a number of different bases (for example, fat-free, moisture-free, as received,
excluding chromium, and so forth). Before proceeding with any tests, it is very important to determine upon which basis that the
total ash is to be reported and to identify all other test methods that will be required to be executed in order to achieve the
determined reporting method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 3495 Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather
D 6658 Test Method for Volatile Matter (Moisture) of Wet Blue by Oven Drying
D 6659 Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Wet Blue for Physical and Chemical Tests
D 6714 Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Ashed Wet Blue (Perchloric Acid Oxidation)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 The terms and definitions employed within this test method are commonly used in normal laboratory practice and require
no special comment.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The weighed sample is ignited in air at 600 6 25°C until constant mass is attained. The weighed residual matter is termed
“ash” and is calculated as a percentage of the original sample.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is useful in determining the approximate amount of nonvolatile inorganic material in wet blue. This may
be in the form of salts or oxides of the elements. In a mixed-chrome tannage, the approximate percentage of other elements in the
wet blue may be determined by subtracting the chromic oxide that may be conveniently determined on the ash. (See Test Method
D 6714.)
5.2 The specified temperature of 600°C is high enough to produce a reproducible result but it does not completely dehydrate
such oxides as aluminum oxide (Al O ) and chromic oxide (Cr O ). Likewise, such salts as sulfates and phosphates may be
2 3 2 3
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.02 on Blue Stock.Wet Blue.
Current edition approved Oct.Nov. 1, 2006.2008. Published November 2006.December 2008. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20012006
as D 6716 – 016.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6716–08
incompletely dehydrated, and if alkalis and chromium are present simultaneously, oxidation to chromate may occur. Therefore,
caution is advised in drawing conclusions based on quantitative relations of the elements.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Crucible, 30- to 50-mL, high-form, platinum or porcelain.
6.2 Electric Muffle Furnace, with controller or rheostat and pyrometer, capable of maintaining a
...
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