ASTM D7964/D7964M-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Activity of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalysts in a Fluidized Bed
Standard Test Method for Determining Activity of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalysts in a Fluidized Bed
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The fluidized bed test provides data to assess the relative performances of FCC catalysts. Because results are affected by catalyst pretreatment, feedstock characteristics, and operating parameters, this test method is written specifically to address the accuracy and precision when a common catalyst and oil are tested under the same conditions but at different sites, using Kayser Technologies Advanced Catalytic Evaluation (ACE) unit.3,4 Analytical procedures may vary among the sites. However, significant variations are not expected.
Note 1: ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
5.2 The standard reaction temperature for purposes of the accuracy and precision statement is 532°C [990°F]. Other reaction temperatures can be used in practice; however, yield data developed at temperatures other than 532°C [990°F] will not be the same. Also, test precision may be different at other reaction temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determining the activity and coke selectivity of either equilibrium or laboratory deactivated fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts. The activity is evaluated on the basis of mass percent conversion of gas oil feed in a fluidized bed reactor. The coke yield is defined as the mass of carbon laid down on the catalyst, also expressed as a percent of the gas oil feed. The scope of the round robin will be limited to the determination of activity and coke. All other analyses are thus beyond this scope and should be noted as “optional.”
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7964/D7964M − 14
Standard Test Method for
Determining Activity of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC)
1
Catalysts in a Fluidized Bed
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7964/D7964M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers determining the activity and 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
coke selectivity of either equilibrium or laboratory deactivated
3.1.1 activity—a measure of the rate of a specific catalytic
fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts. The activity is evalu-
reaction, calculated in the present case by dividing conversion
ated on the basis of mass percent conversion of gas oil feed in
by the difference of 100 minus conversion.
a fluidized bed reactor.The coke yield is defined as the mass of
3.1.2 catalyst/oil (C/O) ratio—the mass of catalyst used in
carbon laid down on the catalyst, also expressed as a percent of
the test divided by the mass of feed fed to the reactor.
the gas oil feed. The scope of the round robin will be limited
3.1.3 coke—massofcarbonlaiddownonthecatalystduring
tothedeterminationofactivityandcoke.Allotheranalysesare
the FCC reaction times 1.083.
thus beyond this scope and should be noted as “optional.”
3.1.4 conversion—the starting mass of reactant feed minus
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
the mass of the liquid product that boils above 221°C [430°F];
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
this delta is then reported as a percentage of the starting mass
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
of feed.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.5 delivery time—this is the time, in seconds, during
with the standard.
which feed is introduced to the reactor.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.6 FCC—fluid catalytic cracking.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.7 gasoline—C compounds through compounds boiling
5
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
at 221°C [430°F].
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.8 HCO—theheavycycleoilproduct,whichisdefinedto
have a minimum boiling point of 343°C [650°F].
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.9 LCO—the light cycle oil product, which is defined to
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
have a boiling point range of 221 to 343°C [430 to 650°F].
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
3.1.10 liquid product—all products formed in the catalytic
troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
reaction that can be condensed in the chiller bath afterward,
D4463 Guide for Metals Free Steam Deactivation of Fresh
usually a combination of gasoline, LCO, and HCO, but can
Fluid Cracking Catalysts
contain a trace of C and C minus compounds.
4 4
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in 3.1.11 normalized product yield—the result obtained when
ASTM Test Methods each product yield has been corrected for non-perfect mass
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to balances.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3.1.11.1 Discussion—For a run to be judged acceptable, the
total recovery, mass % of feed, should be in the range of 96 to
102 % prior to normalization. If the recovery is outside this
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 on
range the test data should be discarded.
Catalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.04 on Catalytic
Properties.
3.1.12 product yield—one hundred times the mass of a
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published January 2015. DOI: 10.1520/
specific product divided by the mass of feed used in the test.
D7964-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.13 selectivity—same as yield. Selectivity generally re-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
fers to how much of a particular product, such as coke, is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. formed during a chemical reaction; selectivity is related to, but
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D7964/D7964M − 14
3,4
different from, conversion, which is the total amount of all unit. Analytical procedures ma
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