ASTM D5348-95(2019)

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Moisture Content of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils by Distillation with Xylene

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended to determine the moisture content of fats, oils, and fatliquors used in the softening and stuffing of leather. The moisture content is measured for the purpose of quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of water existing in a sample of sulfonated or sulfated oil, or both, by distilling the sample with a volatile solvent. The test method is applicable only to sulfonated and sulfated oils that do not contain the following: mineral acids, free sulfonic acids, or free sulfuric acid esters; or alkali hydroxides, carbonates or acetates: or alcohol, glycerin, diethylene glycol, acetone, or other water-miscible volatile compounds. This test method was derived from Test Methods D500, Sections 4 through 9.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2019
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.08 - Fats and Oils

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5348-95(2012) - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Moisture Content of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils by Distillation with Xylene
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM D500-95(2009) - Standard Test Methods of Chemical Analysis of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Refers: ASTM D500-95(2003) - Standard Test Methods of Chemical Analysis of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-1995
• Refers: ASTM D500-95 - Standard Test Methods of Chemical Analysis of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995

Overview

ASTM D5348-95(2019) is a standard test method developed by ASTM International for the determination of moisture content in sulfonated and sulfated oils. Utilizing distillation with xylene, this test provides a reliable approach to measure water levels in fats, oils, and fatliquors, particularly those used in the processing and softening of leather. Consistent moisture measurement helps maintain quality assurance in leather production and other related industries.

This method specifically applies to sulfonated and sulfated oils that do not contain mineral acids, free sulfonic acids, free sulfuric acid esters, alkali hydroxides, carbonates, acetates, alcohol, glycerin, diethylene glycol, acetone, or other water-miscible volatile compounds.

Key Topics

• Moisture Content Measurement: The core purpose of the standard is to quantify water present in sulfonated and sulfated oils, ensuring product quality and consistency.
• Distillation with Xylene: The procedure employs xylene as a volatile solvent to separate moisture from oil samples by distillation, allowing for accurate volumetric measurement.
• Quality Assurance in Leather Processing: By providing precise moisture determination, this method supports manufacturers in the leather industry to control the properties and performance of softening and stuffing oils.
• Applicability Limitations: The method excludes oils containing specific interfering substances (such as mineral acids or water-miscible compounds), thus limiting its use to compatible sample types.
• Equipment and Reagents: Distillation apparatus requirements include a round-bottom or Erlenmeyer flask, water-cooled reflux condenser, calibrated trap, oleic acid to prevent foaming, and xylene solvent.

Applications

The practical value of ASTM D5348-95(2019) is evident across several areas:

• Leather Manufacturing: The standard is widely used in the quality control process for leather softening and stuffing oils, where moisture content can significantly impact final leather characteristics.
• Chemical Analysis Laboratories: Laboratories analyzing fats, oils, and fatliquors use this method to ensure product compliance with specification limits.
• Industrial Oils Quality Control: Manufacturers of sulfonated and sulfated oils employ this method to benchmark their products and maintain high standards for downstream applications.
• Regulatory and Compliance Testing: Meeting international testing standards assists organizations in global trade and compliance with World Trade Organization technical barriers.

The method’s procedural consistency aids in reducing variability and improving reproducibility in moisture determination, valuable for both routine analysis and R&D activities.

Related Standards

Several ASTM and international standards provide complementary or alternative guidance for similar or adjacent testing needs, such as:

• ASTM D500: Test Methods of Chemical Analysis of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils - forms the methodological base from which D5348 is derived.
• ISO Leather Chemical Testing Standards: International equivalents for chemical analyses of processing oils and auxiliaries.
• ASTM D1796: Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method - relevant for other oil moisture determinations.
• ASTM D95: Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation - covering water determination in a broad group of oil-based products.

Keywords: ASTM D5348, moisture content, sulfonated oils, sulfated oils, distillation, xylene, leather processing, quality assurance, chemical analysis, test method.

For more details or to purchase the standard, visit ASTM International.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5348 −95 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Moisture Content of Sulfonated and
Sulfated Oils by Distillation with Xylene
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5348; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D500 Test Methods of ChemicalAnalysis of Sulfonated and
Sulfated Oils
1.1 This test method covers the determination of water
existing in a sample of sulfonated or sulfated oil, or both, by
3. Significance and Use
distilling the sample with a volatile solvent. The test method is
3.1 This test method is intended to determine the moisture
applicable only to sulfonated and sulfated oils that do not
content of fats, oils, and fatliquors used in the softening and
containthefollowing:mineralacids,freesulfonicacids,orfree
stuffing of leather. The moisture content is measured for the
sulfuric acid esters; or alkali hydroxides, carbonates or ac-
purpose of quality assurance.
etates: or alcohol, glycerin, diethylene glycol, acetone, or other
water-miscible volatile compounds. This test method was
4. Apparatus
derived from Test Methods D500, Sections 4 through 9.
4.1 The apparatus required consists of a glass flask heated
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
by suitable means and provided with a reflux condenser
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
discharging into a trap and connected to the flask. The
information only.
connections between the trap and the condenser and flask shall
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
be interchangeable ground joints.The trap serves to collect and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measure the condensed water and to return the solvent to the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
flask.Asuitable assembly of the apparatus is illustrated in Fig.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.1 Flask, 500-mL, of either the short-neck, round-bottom
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
type or the Erlenmeyer type.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1.2 Heat Source—The source of heat may be either an oil
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
bath (stearic acid, paraffin wax, etc.), or an electric heater
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
provided with a sliding rheostat or other means of heat control.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1.3 Condenser,awater-cooledglassrefluxcondenser(Fig.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1), having a jacket approximately 400 mm (15 ⁄4 in.) in length
3 1
with an inner tube 9.5 to 12.7 mm ( ⁄8 to ⁄2 in.) in outside
2. Referenced Documents
diameter. The end of the condenser to be inserted in the trap
shall be ground off at an angle of 30° from the vertical axis of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the condenser. When inserted into the trap, the tip of the
condenser shall be about 7 mm ( ⁄4 in.) above the surface of the
liquid in the trap after the distillation conditions have been
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.08 on Fats and Oils. This test
established. Fig. 1 shows a conventional sealed-in type of
method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
condenser, but any other condenser fulfilling the detailed
(Method H 40-1957).
requirements above may be used.
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally
4.1.4 Trap, a trap made of well-annealed glass constructed
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5348 – 95(2012).
DOI: 10.1520/D5348-95R19.
in accordance with Fig. 1 and graduated as shown to contain 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mL at 20°C. It shall be subdivided into 0.1-mL divisions, with
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
each 1-mL line numbered (5 mL at top). The error in any
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. indicated capacity may not be greater than 0.05 mL.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5348−95 (2019)
potassium dichromate (K Cr O ) and 990 mL of sulfuric acid
2 2 7
(H SO , sp gr 1.84)), and finally thoroughly wash and dry.
2 4
8.2 Take enough of the sample to be tested for analysis to
yield about 4 mL of water. Introduce the approximate quantity
into a weighing bottle and make the weighings from the bottle
into the flask, taking care that after removal of the sample no
drops of oil are left on the outside of the weighing bottle. Add
80 g of xylene and
...